# PF135: For the 2026 New Zealand general election: How do parties differ on Te Tiriti, Māori-Crown relations and racial discrimination? Collected 19 October 2026 [NZ Election 2026 · Edition 4 study](https://nzbrands.ai/research/nz-election-2026/editions/4) ## ChatGPT Answer ID: 17aed8ec-00ad-472a-be50-6df0db058f2f # New Zealand 2026 election: Te Tiriti, Māori–Crown relations and racial discrimination The central divide between New Zealand's political parties is what Te Tiriti o Waitangi requires of the Crown today: how much effect it should have on laws and public institutions, whether Māori should have distinct forms of representation or decision-making authority, and how government should address racial inequality. These debates overlap, but they are not identical. A party might support honouring Treaty settlements while opposing co-governance, or oppose race-based policies while supporting targeted help based on disadvantage. For the 2026 general election, it is useful to compare parties across three questions: - Te Tiriti: Should its principles have a stronger role in legislation, public services and government decisions? - Māori–Crown relations: What should partnership, tino rangatiratanga (Māori self-determination) and Māori representation look like in practice? - Racial discrimination: Should government use Māori-specific policies to address unequal outcomes, or prioritise equal treatment under common rules? The distinction between a party's stated principles, its proposed policies and its record in government matters. The comparison below focuses on those differences, while distinguishing established positions from policies that may still change before polling day. ## How the main parties differ The following reflects published positions and policy announcements available as of 18 October 2026. It covers the main parties likely to shape the debate, rather than every registered party. A guide to the direction of policy, not a ranking of parties. ![South Island Election Conference 2026](https://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/_spFKDBqOMVPoo8r35YLoGFwljs_-WWe4ur9fdZCfekzAxaUPGA75u8rI9uxOUTssI2hUZN1r4Zu1AeDrcNaxz3uHoFIyWjDpanT5s-KJ87QzxSu1uNjNL4MOHSuazRZuTy_TzC6aN4wxHHoyU_DhzMFuMCMjNBTtg2xRxOZL6c?purpose=inline) ## Labour Treaty partnership and public-service equity Labour describes Te Tiriti as a foundational agreement and supports a partnership-based Māori–Crown relationship. It opposes ACT's Treaty Principles Bill and has pledged to restore the legal requirement for school boards to give effect to Te Tiriti, as well as stronger Māori leadership in education. [Stand Up for Te Tiriti](https://www.labour.org.nz/tetiriti)[Release: Labour will restore Te Tiriti commitment in schools](https://www.labour.org.nz/news/release-labour-will-restore-te-tiriti-commitment-in-schools/)[Release: Labour will partner with Māori in education](https://www.labour.org.nz/news/release-labour-will-partner-with-maori-in-education/) - Te Tiriti: Retain and strengthen its role in public institutions. - Māori–Crown relations: Emphasise consultation, partnership and Māori participation in decisions affecting Māori. - Discrimination and equity: Supports addressing unequal outcomes through public services and policies responsive to Māori needs. ![Will National Party Finish 2nd in New Zealand's 2026 Election?](https://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/LCDs4P76HEgfCayafHeSga8GCw12Vxs2fPc3toeyLUZ-wmb6UiGRZY6bhdT1xRejtICfUd6GX2BWmI76EkpoWuffTU4g32bP_qUJp29rsfn5_Zvj5THHSYTLHSoo_5_YQyZ3zKE1WIpB4bu7raRltFl5TZFCgCcE0quf_GohkFI?purpose=inline) ## National Common institutions, with defined Treaty obligations National has supported reviewing how Treaty references operate in legislation and has governed alongside ACT and New Zealand First. In 2026, the government has pursued removing some statutory Treaty references and standardising others to require agencies to “take into account” Treaty principles. National has also committed to upholding Treaty settlements and retaining specified forms of iwi participation. [Better planning for growth and environment](https://www.national.org.nz/news/20260720-honchrisbishop)[A Treaty Principles Bill](https://www.justice.govt.nz/justice-sector-policy/key-initiatives/a-treaty-principles-bill/) - Te Tiriti: Favour more clearly defined and specific statutory obligations rather than broad, open-ended references. - Māori–Crown relations: Retain some iwi participation and settlement arrangements, but place greater emphasis on defined processes and government accountability. - Discrimination and equity: The governing approach places more emphasis on common public-service frameworks and needs-based provision than on broad Māori-specific institutional arrangements. ![New Zealand Legislative Election Winner 2026 Odds | Polymarket](https://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/jofoEEdOXv6HOQzupGnQLgXlZKKPYTzvN6g4IUMlN6xdqX4l_qH5-Y0A3to5ytO5w95eGsg-WLInlnku5FmW0VEyKqhTiAqcZSbr_Z1e_uNyqacdq4zniDKhRNRugVUCsz1-CYpZeG4nO7sLuQKEQlQMBgJCAoyH3nC76yYHd6E?purpose=inline) ## ACT Equal rights under common law and limits on Treaty-based differentiation ACT argues that all citizens should have equal legal rights regardless of ancestry and that elected government should remain accountable to voters. Its 2026 proposals include adding principles concerning parliamentary sovereignty, the rule of law and equality before the law to the Constitution Act. It continues to argue for clearer statutory definitions of Treaty principles. [ACT New Zealand](https://www.act.org.nz/news/one-law-for-all-with-one-future-together)[ACT New Zealand](https://www.act.org.nz/policies/democracy)[ACT New Zealand](https://www.act.org.nz/news/treaty-reference-review-complete%E2%80%A6-%E2%80%9Ctreaty-principles%E2%80%9D-still-exist) - Te Tiriti: Wants its principles more narrowly and explicitly defined in law. - Māori–Crown relations: Opposes co-governance arrangements that it considers to confer decision-making authority on the basis of ancestry rather than equal democratic representation. - Discrimination and equity: Favours a colour-blind approach, with public services and opportunities based on individual need rather than ethnicity. ![New Zealand legislative election winner? Predictions & Od... 2026 | Polymarket](https://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/UmXClDd76aKEk_XyXfEEacFBHXO18HFMG1Im-weRm7tb64uGzBsRK3vWPXuiFN2zaWaNznb7eSDIJucKOhlXtwb6Lq-BYR6oxisKzHsWTxF5AsiLmtcNGDNtwCsXzgIuSp2vW4pa6pAda-tTriG23zKX1ZuknQ81HGh411pqRkM?purpose=inline) ## New Zealand First One law for all and opposition to co-governance New Zealand First promotes “one people, one law, one flag” and describes its approach as colour-blind. It has explicitly opposed co-governance and race-based distinctions in public institutions. Its current messaging emphasises national unity, common citizenship and opposition to what it calls identity politics. ["Power to the People" - Winston Peters - State of the Nation 2026](https://www.nzfirst.nz/power_to_the_people_sotn_2026)[Co-Governance Must Be Stopped Now - Not 2026](https://www.nzfirst.nz/stop_co_governance_now_not_2026)[Winston Peters: “Hope, And A Better Tomorrow”](https://www.nzfirst.nz/winston_peters_hope_and_a_better_tomorrow) - Te Tiriti: Resists interpretations that create distinct contemporary political rights or obligations based on ethnicity. - Māori–Crown relations: Opposes co-governance and favours common democratic institutions. - Discrimination and equity: Emphasises formal equality and a common set of rules rather than Māori-specific approaches. ![Green Party NZ (@NZGreens) on X](https://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/xwoeA3rTn5Pu0UL1uRc6X_g8ADsfUTe55rxQEjXC_rnFR_6TPTr_9eG0LsowNOdFRtax24qB8h-LRfUtZEf42T0CC5OclOZ5katbFJAYxs0cZRyqDBlGNgF_8AV_5WTCbYonGIqLGuK095lLGrkBVw3L8vdsA06tLHVNuCJquuc?purpose=inline) ## Green Party Strong Treaty obligations and tino rangatiratanga The Greens oppose efforts to weaken Treaty protections and have criticised the removal or dilution of Treaty references in legislation. Their position places greater emphasis on tino rangatiratanga, Māori participation in decision-making, and addressing structural inequalities. [Government announces Treaty Principles Bill by stealth](https://www.greens.org.nz/government_announces_treaty_principles_bill_by_stealth)[Green Party differing view on the Treaty Principles Bill](https://action.greens.org.nz/differing_view) - Te Tiriti: Protect and strengthen its legal and constitutional significance. - Māori–Crown relations: Support Māori authority, meaningful partnership and Māori-led decision-making. - Discrimination and equity: Support targeted measures to address systemic racism and unequal outcomes, alongside broader social protections. ![New Zealand Legislative Election Winner 2026 Odds | Polymarket](https://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/HHEWLfcjRbgNTl3J7ZI3ahpGFiM337cSMZSj-gfqthhb3O1OJ8vhDGH4x2nBOUQoPRFHldf4E0rUprxmRG4JddGiw5atorslzfs34M-9xbTy2yNYWAjL5wP10lk3C-YjZAm-m43DF6her5QZGf5OtQEw7NLpqO4hrIjzpsWiQm8?purpose=inline) ## Te Pāti Māori Māori self-determination and enforceable Treaty obligations Te Pāti Māori advances the strongest constitutional transformation among these parties. Its September 2026 Te Tiriti entrenchment policy proposes an independent Te Tiriti Commission, binding Waitangi Tribunal recommendations, implementation of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and funding for Māori-led constitutional reform. [Te Tiriti Entrenchment](https://www.maoriparty.org.nz/te_tiriti_entrenchment)[Te Pāti Māori is the assertion of our mana motuhake and our liberation](https://www.maoriparty.org.nz/) - Te Tiriti: Make the Crown's Treaty obligations legally enforceable and harder for future governments to weaken. - Māori–Crown relations: Advance tino rangatiratanga and a constitutional arrangement developed with Māori leadership. - Discrimination and equity: Favour Māori-led solutions and stronger institutional measures addressing the effects of colonisation and systemic disadvantage. For a cross-party comparison of individual proposals, Policy.nz's [2026 Te ao Māori policy guide](https://policy.nz/2026/party-vote/policies/te-ao-maori?utm_source=chatgpt.com) covers Treaty principles, Māori representation, te reo Māori, land and resources, and Māori wellbeing. [Policies for Party vote - NZ Election 2026](https://policy.nz/2026/party-vote/policies/te-ao-maori) ## The biggest policy differences, side by side | Question | Labour | National | ACT / NZ First | Greens / Te Pāti Māori | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Treaty principles in law | Preserve and reinforce | Define or narrow some statutory obligations | More explicit limits on Treaty-based differentiation | Strengthen Treaty protections | | Co-governance | Supports partnership in relevant settings | Supports specified participation arrangements, not every model | Generally opposes co-governance based on ancestry | Supports stronger Māori decision-making | | Māori-specific services | Supports equity-focused provision | More emphasis on common frameworks and defined needs | Favours individual need over ethnicity | Supports targeted and Māori-led provision | | Constitutional change | Honour existing Treaty framework | More defined statutory obligations | Common legal and democratic framework | Greater Māori authority and enforceable Crown obligations | | Waitangi Tribunal | Retain its role | Retain within the government's chosen framework | ACT proposes winding it up once historical claims are resolved | Te Pāti Māori proposes making its recommendations binding | This is a broad synthesis of party positions, not a claim that every party has a fully published 2026 policy on every row. ACT and NZ First have distinct policies, even where their general approaches overlap. Sources: [ACT New Zealand](https://www.act.org.nz/news/one-law-for-all-with-one-future-together)[ACT New Zealand](https://www.act.org.nz/policies/democracy)["Power to the People" - Winston Peters - State of the Nation 2026](https://www.nzfirst.nz/power_to_the_people_sotn_2026)[Release: Labour will restore Te Tiriti commitment in schools](https://www.labour.org.nz/news/release-labour-will-restore-te-tiriti-commitment-in-schools/)[Better planning for growth and environment](https://www.national.org.nz/news/20260720-honchrisbishop)[Government announces Treaty Principles Bill by stealth](https://www.greens.org.nz/government_announces_treaty_principles_bill_by_stealth)[Te Tiriti Entrenchment](https://www.maoriparty.org.nz/te_tiriti_entrenchment)[Policies for Party vote - NZ Election 2026](https://policy.nz/2026/party-vote/policies/te-ao-maori) ## What does the racial discrimination debate actually mean? One of the most important distinctions is between formal equality and substantive equality. - Formal equality: Everyone should have the same legal rights and be subject to the same rules. ACT and New Zealand First emphasise this approach. - Substantive equality: Different groups may need different interventions to achieve genuinely fair outcomes, particularly where historical or systemic disadvantage persists. Labour and the Greens generally give this approach more weight, while Te Pāti Māori puts Māori self-determination at the centre. - Treaty-based obligations: These concern the Crown's commitments to Māori under Te Tiriti. They are not simply the same question as whether a government should offer an ethnic group preferential treatment. Supporters of Māori-specific services argue that treating everyone identically can leave existing inequalities unaddressed. Critics argue that some ethnicity-based policies risk unequal treatment or weaken democratic accountability. Those are competing policy arguments; neither should be confused with the legal definition of racial discrimination. The United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination raised concerns about Māori rights and racial equality in its 2025 review of New Zealand. That provides wider context for assessing how parties propose to meet the country's anti-discrimination obligations. [Experts of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination Commend New Zealand on Efforts to Welcome Refugees, Ask Questions on Historic Abuse of Persons with Disabilities in State Care and Challenges in Education for the Māori](https://www.ohchr.org/en/meeting-summaries/2025/11/experts-committee-elimination-racial-discrimination-commend-new-zealand)[UN sounds alarm on NZ racism and Māori rights](https://www.teaonews.co.nz/2025/12/07/un-sounds-alarm-on-nz-racism-and-maori-rights/) ## One important development to know about The original Treaty Principles Bill, promoted by ACT and supported to the select-committee stage by the coalition government, was defeated at its second reading on 10 April 2025 by 112 votes to 11. It did not become law. [A Treaty Principles Bill](https://www.justice.govt.nz/justice-sector-policy/key-initiatives/a-treaty-principles-bill/)[Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi Bill](https://www.legislation.govt.nz/bill/government/2024/0094/latest/whole.html) The debate has continued in 2026 through separate government reviews and proposed changes to Treaty references in legislation. National's approach to these changes, ACT's push for further constitutional reform, and opposition from Labour, the Greens and Te Pāti Māori are therefore important to distinguish from the original bill itself. [ACT New Zealand](https://www.act.org.nz/news/treaty-reference-review-complete%E2%80%A6-%E2%80%9Ctreaty-principles%E2%80%9D-still-exist)[Better planning for growth and environment](https://www.national.org.nz/news/20260720-honchrisbishop)[Government announces Treaty Principles Bill by stealth](https://www.greens.org.nz/government_announces_treaty_principles_bill_by_stealth) ## How to use this comparison when considering your vote Rather than asking only which party says it supports Te Tiriti, consider three more specific questions: 1. Legal protection: Should Treaty obligations be broad and capable of developing through courts and the Waitangi Tribunal, or explicitly limited by legislation? 2. Decision-making: When decisions affect Māori land, culture, health or education, what level of Māori authority or shared governance should apply? 3. Fairness: Should government primarily use the same rules for everyone, or use targeted interventions where evidence shows particular groups face persistent disadvantage? Parties can agree on the importance of fairness while disagreeing fundamentally about how to achieve it. These three questions help identify the practical consequences of those differences without reducing the issue to a simple pro- or anti-Māori label. For the latest policy detail ahead of the 7 November 2026 general election, compare the parties' published commitments directly through [Policy.nz](https://policy.nz/2026/party-vote/policies/te-ao-maori?utm_source=chatgpt.com) and their official policy pages. Their commitments may continue to develop during the campaign. ## Gemini Answer ID: 23a9e578-bbf0-4ef9-8e5c-736a342309ec The interpretation of Te Tiriti o Waitangi (the Treaty of Waitangi), Māori-Crown relations, and public policy addressing racial equity and discrimination are among the most sharply contested and defining issues in New Zealand politics. Political parties span a wide ideological spectrum on these topics, ranging from calls for fundamental constitutional transformation based on indigenous rights to advocacy for a strictly "one law for all" framework focused on individual need rather than ethnicity. --- ### 1. ACT New Zealand & New Zealand First (Right-wing / Nationalist) * **View of Te Tiriti:** Both parties reject the concept of an ongoing, co-governance-based "Crown-Māori partnership". ACT argues that the signing of the Treaty resulted in a complete cession of sovereignty to the British Crown, while New Zealand First strongly opposes what it terms the "mission creep" of undefined treaty principles and constitutional transformation. * **Māori-Crown Relations & Governance:** They oppose co-governance arrangements in public service delivery, natural resources, and local government. ACT advanced legislative proposals—such as its Treaty Principles Bill—seeking to define treaty principles through a parliamentary lens, enshrine parliamentary sovereignty, and assert equal legal rights for all citizens. New Zealand First advocates for removing or replacing generic treaty principles clauses with explicit statutory obligations and has campaigned for a public referendum on the retention of the Māori electorate seats. * **Racial Discrimination & Public Policy:** Their core policy platform centers on the principle that government assistance and public services should be allocated strictly on the basis of **individual socioeconomic need, not race or ethnicity**. They argue that targeted race-based policies or co-governance models create separatism and undermine democratic equality. ### 2. National (Centre-Right / Governing Coalition) * **View of Te Tiriti:** National recognizes the historical significance of Te Tiriti and honors the settlement of historical grievances. However, its approach balances traditional treaty obligations with a skepticism toward expansive co-governance models, particularly regarding public assets and public service delivery. * **Māori-Crown Relations & Governance:** National generally favors localized, practical collaboration and public-service delivery targeted at closing social and economic disparities (such as health and education achievement gaps) rather than broad structural or constitutional co-governance. * **Racial Discrimination & Public Policy:** National emphasizes public service delivery driven by metrics and outcomes rather than ethnicity. While navigating coalition dynamics with parties that oppose race-based provisions, National focuses its rhetoric on equal access, local economic development, and public accountability. ### 3. Labour Party (Centre-Left) * **View of Te Tiriti:** Labour regards Te Tiriti as the country's founding document and formally supports the foundational principles of partnership, protection, and participation. * **Māori-Crown Relations & Governance:** Labour supports distinct engagement processes and specific co-governance frameworks where appropriate to address historical inequities and fulfill treaty commitments. While in opposition, Labour has strongly opposed government rollbacks of treaty obligations or regulatory measures it views as diminishing indigenous rights, though it generally stops short of the sweeping constitutional transformation demanded by minor progressive and Māori parties. * **Racial Discrimination & Public Policy:** Labour supports targeted initiatives and culturally specific public services designed to reduce racial and socioeconomic disparities for Māori and Pasifika communities. It frames these measures as addressing systemic barriers rather than granting preferential rights. ### 4. Green Party & Te Pāti Māori (Left / Indigenous Rights) * **View of Te Tiriti:** Both parties view Te Tiriti o Waitangi as a primary constitutional document that guarantees *tino rangatiratanga* (Māori self-determination). They advocate for a fundamental constitutional reset to honor indigenous sovereignty. * **Māori-Crown Relations & Governance:** * **Te Pāti Māori** campaigns for major structural changes, including the establishment of an independent Te Tiriti Commission with enforcement powers, making Waitangi Tribunal recommendations legally binding, and expanding distinct Māori governance structures across public authorities. * **The Greens** emphasize indigenous-led solutions through policies focused on empowering marae, protecting natural resources under kaitiakitanga (guardianship), and embedding te ao Māori perspectives into public institutions. * **Racial Discrimination & Public Policy:** They view racial inequity as a structural legacy of colonisation. Consequently, they support race-conscious, equity-driven policies, distinct self-determination pathways, and systemic protections against institutional racism, arguing that true equality requires honoring distinct partnership rights. --- ### Summary Comparison | Party Bloc | Stance on Te Tiriti Partnership | Approach to Co-Governance & Representation | View on Race-Based / Targeted Policy | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **ACT / NZ First** | Rejects ongoing partnership; emphasizes British sovereignty and parliamentary supremacy. | Strongly opposed; seeks to remove treaty principles clauses and question Māori seats. | Opposes race-based allocation; advocates services based strictly on individual need. | | **National** | Acknowledges historical treaty settlements; cautious regarding systemic or constitutional expansion. | Favors localized delivery and practical cooperation over structural co-governance. | Focuses public policy on outcome metrics and socioeconomic need rather than ethnicity. | | **Labour** | Supports traditional treaty principles (partnership, protection, participation). | Supports targeted frameworks and structured co-governance where practical to resolve disparities. | Supports targeted policies to counter systemic inequities and historical disadvantage. | | **Greens / Te Pāti Māori** | Views Te Tiriti as a co-equal founding document requiring total constitutional transformation. | Advocates for enhanced self-determination, binding tribunal powers, and independent Māori governance. | Supports equity-driven, race-conscious policies to rectify colonisation and institutional racism. | ## Google AI Mode Answer ID: e0d1c487-a845-4f98-abf4-59ebc46a1578 In the lead-up to the **November 7, 2026, New Zealand general election** , political parties present a distinct constitutional and philosophical divide regarding Te Tiriti o Waitangi, Māori-Crown relations, and the framework for addressing racial discrimination and public service delivery. Commentary and independent analyses (such as from the [NZ Centre for Political Research](https://www.nzcpr.com) and [The Spinoff](https://thespinoff.co.nz)) broadly categorize the parliamentary landscape into two distinct approaches: parties favoring a model emphasizing parliamentary sovereignty and equal individual citizenship, versus those favoring a partnership model based on Te Tiriti and co-governance. * * * 1\. The Centre-Right and Nationalist Bloc (National, ACT, New Zealand First) According to their stated platforms and legislative actions in government, these parties emphasize parliamentary supremacy, individual civic equality, and a unitary state structure. * * **National Party:** As documented on the [National Party official stance](https://www.national.org.nz) and reviewed by The Spinoff, National recognizes Te Tiriti as the founding document of New Zealand and maintains that the Crown holds ultimate sovereignty. National’s approach prioritizes equal treatment for all citizens and a single standard of public service rather than separate systems. While participating in coalition-agreed reviews and adjustments to references of Treaty principles in legislation, National has sought a middle path between its partners' more radical reform proposals and traditional Crown obligations. [The Spinoff] * **ACT New Zealand:** As outlined in coalition arrangements and [Together for Te Tiriti](https://togetherfortetiriti.nz), ACT advocates for a strict reinterpretation of the Treaty through a proposed Treaty Principles Bill and subsequent public referendum. ACT’s platform argues that modern interpretations of "partnership" undermine democratic equality, contending instead that the law should treat all citizens identically regardless of ethnicity, seeking to systematically remove broad "Treaty principles" and co-governance provisions from public legislation. * **New Zealand First:** Led by Winston Peters, the party emphasizes "one law for all," opposing race-based provisions or separate co-governance arrangements in public service delivery, natural resource management, and local government. New Zealand First's platform asserts that democratic accountability must reside solely within a sovereign Parliament elected by individual citizens on an equal footing. * * * * 2\. The Centre-Left and Progressive Bloc (Labour, Green Party, Te Pāti Māori) These parties view Te Tiriti o Waitangi as a binding partnership agreement that requires active Crown engagement, constitutional recognition of _tino rangatiratanga_ (Māori self-determination), and targeted systemic responses to inequality. * * **New Zealand Labour Party:** As stated in policy releases and parliamentary contributions (such as opposition education bills), Labour supports honoring Te Tiriti as an active partnership. Labour opposes attempts to dilute Treaty obligations or remove reference commitments from public institutions. For instance, Labour has campaigned to restore statutory obligations upholding Te Tiriti within the education and schooling systems, framing it as essential for inclusive public services and addressing historic disparities. * **Green Party:** The Greens advocate for a Te Tiriti-centric constitutional transformation. Their platform frames racial equity and environmental stewardship around indigenous self-determination. They support formalizing co-governance arrangements across conservation, resource management, and public health, arguing that true justice requires addressing the structural legacies of colonization through institutional partnership. * **Te Pāti Māori (Māori Party):** Te Pāti Māori advances a position of complete constitutional transformation based on _tino rangatiratanga_ under the independent text of Te Tiriti. They reject the concept of parliamentary supremacy over indigenous rights, pushing instead for independent Māori governance structures, self-determined justice and health authorities, and the systemic elimination of institutional racism via structural decentralization of power away from the Crown. * * * * Summary Comparison Metric / Focus| National, ACT, & NZ First| Labour, Greens, & Te Pāti Māori ---|---|--- **Core Constitutional View**| Parliamentary sovereignty; equal individual citizenship under one law.| Bicultural partnership under Te Tiriti; constitutional transformation. **Co-governance & Public Services**| Generally opposed; preference for unified, democratically elected public bodies.| Supported as a mechanism to fulfill Treaty obligations and share power. **Treaty Principles / Legislation**| Support redefining or removing broad judicial/Tribunal principles in favour of explicit statutory limits.| Support retaining, expanding, and enforcing Treaty principles across education, conservation, and health.