# Question 33: I'm a sole parent with a preschool child, renting and working part time. Childcare costs and support rules affect how many hours I can take on. I am considering my vote in the 2026 New Zealand general election. What do parties propose about the cost and availability of healthcare for children and their parents?

Collected 23 October 2026

[NZ Election 2026 · Edition 5 study](https://nzbrands.ai/research/nz-election-2026/editions/5)

## ChatGPT

Answer ID: a6136767-fedf-416b-9e42-5e8bcf2ae9c6

# New Zealand 2026 election: healthcare costs for children and parents

For a sole parent who is renting and working part-time, the key healthcare questions are practical: Will you pay less when your child gets sick? Can you afford to see a GP yourself? Will you be able to get an appointment when you need one, and will medicines, dental care and mental health support be accessible?

New Zealand's general election is scheduled for 7 November 2026. As of 22 October, parties have announced different approaches to healthcare affordability and access, although some details are still emerging. [Election 2026 and health: promises, priorities and delivery](https://www.nzmj.org.nz/journal/vol-139-no-1643/election-2026-and-health-promises-priorities-and-delivery)[Party policies, simplified: Healthcare](https://thedlist.co.nz/newsfeed/party-policies-simplified-healthcare/)

One important distinction: making healthcare free reduces the bill you face, but it does not necessarily make an appointment available sooner. Both the cost of care and the number of doctors, nurses and other clinicians matter. [Election 2026 and health: promises, priorities and delivery](https://www.nzmj.org.nz/journal/vol-139-no-1643/election-2026-and-health-promises-priorities-and-delivery)

## 1. What the main parties are proposing

The following comparison focuses on the parties' published 2026 positions, particularly GP visits, medicines, dental care and the availability of services.

![South Island Election Conference 2026](https://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/_spFKDBqOMVPoo8r35YLoGFwljs_-WWe4ur9fdZCfekzAxaUPGA75u8rI9uxOUTssI2hUZN1r4Zu1AeDrcNaxz3uHoFIyWjDpanT5s-KJ87QzxSu1uNjNL4MOHSuazRZuTy_TzC6aN4wxHHoyU_DhzMFuMCMjNBTtg2xRxOZL6c?purpose=inline)

## Labour

Focus on reducing patient costs

- Three free GP consultations per year for each person eligible for publicly funded healthcare, through a proposed Medicard.
- Free prescriptions restored from July 2027.
- A Family Doctor Loan Scheme intended to help doctors enter practice ownership and expand primary-care capacity.
- Free referred maternity scans planned from July 2028, plus funding for trainee sonographers.

  Funding: Labour proposes a 28% capital gains tax on profits from specified residential investment and commercial property, with exclusions, to fund its health commitments. [Election 2026 and health: promises, priorities and delivery](https://www.nzmj.org.nz/journal/vol-139-no-1643/election-2026-and-health-promises-priorities-and-delivery)[2026 Election Policy Summaries](https://apex.org.nz/resources/2026-election-policy-summaries/)

![Green Party NZ (@NZGreens) on X](https://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/xwoeA3rTn5Pu0UL1uRc6X_g8ADsfUTe55rxQEjXC_rnFR_6TPTr_9eG0LsowNOdFRtax24qB8h-LRfUtZEf42T0CC5OclOZ5katbFJAYxs0cZRyqDBlGNgF_8AV_5WTCbYonGIqLGuK095lLGrkBVw3L8vdsA06tLHVNuCJquuc?purpose=inline)

## Green Party

Broader expansion of free care

- Move towards fully publicly funded primary healthcare and dental care.
- Expand community-based and Māori-led clinics, with mobile health services to improve access, including in rural areas.
- Increase sustained funding for Pharmac, which funds many prescription medicines.
- Improve health-worker staffing, pay and working conditions, with greater emphasis on prevention and community mental health.

  The proposal is broader than a fixed number of free GP visits, but delivering it would require funding and enough staff to provide the services. [Election 2026 and health: promises, priorities and delivery](https://www.nzmj.org.nz/journal/vol-139-no-1643/election-2026-and-health-promises-priorities-and-delivery)[Party policies, simplified: Healthcare](https://thedlist.co.nz/newsfeed/party-policies-simplified-healthcare/)

![Will National Party Finish 2nd in New Zealand's 2026 Election?](https://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/LCDs4P76HEgfCayafHeSga8GCw12Vxs2fPc3toeyLUZ-wmb6UiGRZY6bhdT1xRejtICfUd6GX2BWmI76EkpoWuffTU4g32bP_qUJp29rsfn5_Zvj5THHSYTLHSoo_5_YQyZ3zKE1WIpB4bu7raRltFl5TZFCgCcE0quf_GohkFI?purpose=inline)

## National

Focus on capacity and treatment

- Emphasises health targets, more treatment capacity and expansion of the health workforce rather than Labour's proposal for three free GP visits.
- Uses both public and private providers to increase planned procedures and reduce waiting lists.
- Has expanded access to some cancer medicines and screening programmes.
- Has introduced more online, urgent and after-hours general practice options.

  National's published approach does not offer the same new universal free-GP-visit commitment as Labour. Its emphasis is on expanding services and treatment capacity. [Election 2026 and health: promises, priorities and delivery](https://www.nzmj.org.nz/journal/vol-139-no-1643/election-2026-and-health-promises-priorities-and-delivery)[Health Policy: Where NZ Parties Stand in 2026](https://whichparty.nz/topics/health)

![New Zealand Legislative Election Winner 2026 Odds | Polymarket](https://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/jofoEEdOXv6HOQzupGnQLgXlZKKPYTzvN6g4IUMlN6xdqX4l_qH5-Y0A3to5ytO5w95eGsg-WLInlnku5FmW0VEyKqhTiAqcZSbr_Z1e_uNyqacdq4zniDKhRNRugVUCsz1-CYpZeG4nO7sLuQKEQlQMBgJCAoyH3nC76yYHd6E?purpose=inline)

## ACT

Focus on provider choice and efficiency

- Proposes allowing pharmacists to treat more everyday conditions, manage some ongoing conditions and order certain tests.
- Supports greater use of private providers to reduce public waiting lists.
- Plans to increase the share of the health budget spent on medicines, aiming towards Australia's level.
- Emphasises access based on clinical need and making health professionals' time more productive.

  These proposals could change where and how some people receive care, but they are not a commitment to universal free GP visits or free adult dental care. [Election 2026 and health: promises, priorities and delivery](https://www.nzmj.org.nz/journal/vol-139-no-1643/election-2026-and-health-promises-priorities-and-delivery)[2026 Election Policy Summaries](https://apex.org.nz/resources/2026-election-policy-summaries/)

![New Zealand legislative election winner? Predictions & Od... 2026 | Polymarket](https://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/UmXClDd76aKEk_XyXfEEacFBHXO18HFMG1Im-weRm7tb64uGzBsRK3vWPXuiFN2zaWaNznb7eSDIJucKOhlXtwb6Lq-BYR6oxisKzHsWTxF5AsiLmtcNGDNtwCsXzgIuSp2vW4pa6pAda-tTriG23zKX1ZuknQ81HGh411pqRkM?purpose=inline)

## New Zealand First

Focus on medicines and waiting lists

- Proposes an additional NZ$1.3 billion for medicines and replacing Pharmac with a new medicines agency.
- Proposes a NZ$925 million annual Waitlist Reduction Fund, allowing GPs to purchase approved specialist consultations and operations for patients on waiting lists.
- Supports recruiting more doctors, reducing administrative burdens and expanding nurse practitioner-led digital clinics in areas that are difficult to staff.

  These are proposals aimed at treatment availability and medicines; the party has not made Labour's three-free-GP-visits policy a 2026 commitment. [Election 2026 and health: promises, priorities and delivery](https://www.nzmj.org.nz/journal/vol-139-no-1643/election-2026-and-health-promises-priorities-and-delivery)[Health Policy: Where NZ Parties Stand in 2026](https://whichparty.nz/topics/health)

![Te Pāti Māori (@Maori_Party) on X](https://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/C5Ox0A8wvQUsFP-VtrWHKeP6-Ic8fMiqzR6fwTgVCI89BKZ4qO15KWhfgO_hkPhb4uzHIlIf-m8iVIOtE_n3dpm6XeT-XUHl8WsSwbHDpd9cuMseVa0f8XdYoGqbDr3pWVTJaDg048Pdof6_HhRKAR523Vju5XF4tug9-I_6qlg?purpose=inline)

## Te Pāti Māori

Focus on whānau-centred care and equity

- Proposes free primary healthcare and dental care, alongside free medication delivery and marae-based and mobile clinics.
- Wants to rebuild Māori-led health governance, including Te Aka Whai Ora, the Māori Health Authority.
- Proposes increased Pharmac funding and greater investment in prevention and community health services.

  Its proposals emphasise Māori-led delivery and addressing unequal access. A party-policy comparison reports free primary care and dental support for whānau earning under $60,000; check the detailed eligibility rules in the party's current policy before relying on that threshold. [Party policies, simplified: Healthcare](https://thedlist.co.nz/newsfeed/party-policies-simplified-healthcare/)[Health Policy: Where NZ Parties Stand in 2026](https://whichparty.nz/topics/health)

![](https://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/KZ1zP60v_ZeHHj3ij4DA2sVh6oX86DHN4x_RGhm63IEKbj8P_3phlgxON0_dzBqruxZt_piBvLSwWYOzxGtRjeiBIDJnBczyBauAihY7VhbFruy9Xq4tPeGbXtvfFHap7T9ZV_eOqtHyttigv_yv7jT6ibug6IoPJMJnJ8SLOeE?purpose=inline)

## The Opportunities Party (TOP)

Focus on younger people and long-term planning

- Proposes a Teal Card offering free primary healthcare, dental care and mental health care for people under 30.
- Supports increased investment in medical training and rural GP access.
- Proposes a cross-party, 10-year health plan to give the system more consistent long-term direction.

  The under-30 proposal is particularly relevant to younger parents, but would not automatically cover a parent aged 30 or over. [Election 2026 and health: promises, priorities and delivery](https://www.nzmj.org.nz/journal/vol-139-no-1643/election-2026-and-health-promises-priorities-and-delivery)[Health Policy: Where NZ Parties Stand in 2026](https://whichparty.nz/topics/health)

## 2. What these proposals could mean for your family

There are already some important entitlements in place, so the election question is partly about what would change from today's system.

Your preschool child

Children aged 13 and under who are eligible for publicly funded healthcare can generally receive free standard GP visits and prescriptions at participating practices. Children are also eligible for free basic dental care until their 18th birthday, and free Well Child Tamariki Ora checks are available to under-fives. [Zero fees for tamariki under 14](https://www.healthnz.govt.nz/hospitals-services/eligibility-subsidies/zero-fees-for-under-14s)[Free health checks for children under 14](https://www.govt.nz/browse/health/free-health-services-for-children/free-health-checks-for-children-under-14/)[Dentists](https://www.healthnz.govt.nz/hospitals-services/services-support/dentists)

For you, the important issues are whether your child can get an appointment promptly, whether after-hours care is accessible, and whether any extra services or medicines attract charges.

Your own GP visits

Adults generally pay fees set by their general practice. Labour's three-free-visits proposal would reduce the cost of a limited number of consultations each year. The Greens' proposal for fully funded primary care is broader. National, ACT and NZ First emphasise different combinations of service capacity, provider options, medicines and waiting-list reductions rather than the same universal free-visit offer. [Election 2026 and health: promises, priorities and delivery](https://www.nzmj.org.nz/journal/vol-139-no-1643/election-2026-and-health-promises-priorities-and-delivery)[Health Policy: Where NZ Parties Stand in 2026](https://whichparty.nz/topics/health)

Prescription costs

Your child may already qualify for free standard prescriptions. For adults, eligible Community Services Card holders and their dependants can receive free prescriptions from approved providers; other eligible prescriptions can attract a co-payment. Labour proposes restoring universally free prescriptions for people entitled to publicly funded healthcare, while ACT and NZ First propose larger-scale changes to medicines funding. [Zero fees for tamariki under 14](https://www.healthnz.govt.nz/hospitals-services/eligibility-subsidies/zero-fees-for-under-14s)[Pharmaceutical co-payments](https://www.healthnz.govt.nz/health-professionals/guidance-standards/topic/provider-funding-claims/pharmaceutical-co-payments)[Election 2026 and health: promises, priorities and delivery](https://www.nzmj.org.nz/journal/vol-139-no-1643/election-2026-and-health-promises-priorities-and-delivery)

Dental care and mental health

Your child can access publicly funded basic dental care, but adult dental treatment is largely paid for privately. The Greens and Te Pāti Māori propose broader free dental provision; TOP proposes free dental and mental health care for under-30s. The parties differ in the scope of their wider mental health proposals, so check the detailed eligibility and service commitments if these are priorities for you. [Dentists](https://www.healthnz.govt.nz/hospitals-services/services-support/dentists)[Party policies, simplified: Healthcare](https://thedlist.co.nz/newsfeed/party-policies-simplified-healthcare/)[Health Policy: Where NZ Parties Stand in 2026](https://whichparty.nz/topics/health)

## 3. Which policy details matter most for a sole parent?

I would compare the parties against these practical questions, without assuming that any one party's proposal will necessarily deliver the intended result.

| What to check | Why it matters for your circumstances |
| --- | --- |
| Free GP visits for adults | Whether there is a cap on consultations, and whether nurse consultations are included. |
| Community Services Card | Whether you qualify and what fees it reduces under each party's plans. |
| Prescription charges | Whether the proposal covers all eligible prescriptions or only certain medicines and patients. |
| Appointment availability | Whether the party has a credible plan for GP staffing, after-hours care and waiting times. |
| Adult dental care | Whether free care is universal, means-tested or restricted by age. |
| Mental health services | Whether counselling and specialist support would be free and available without long waits. |
| Maternity and women's health | Whether screening and scans are free, and when changes would begin. |
| Funding and delivery dates | Whether a policy is funded, when it starts and what happens if demand exceeds capacity. |

The funding question matters because Labour proposes using a capital gains tax to pay for its health commitments, the Greens propose broader public funding, and the other parties place different emphasis on existing budgets, medicines spending, provider capacity or changes to service delivery. The New Zealand Medical Journal's October 2026 election review cautions that promises need to be assessed for staffing, funding and practical implementation, not just their headline benefits. [Election 2026 and health: promises, priorities and delivery](https://www.nzmj.org.nz/journal/vol-139-no-1643/election-2026-and-health-promises-priorities-and-delivery)[2026 Election Policy Summaries](https://apex.org.nz/resources/2026-election-policy-summaries/)

## 4. Check what support you can access now

You do not need to wait for the election to check whether you are eligible for help with healthcare costs.

- [Community Services Card — Work and Income](https://www.workandincome.govt.nz/products/a-z-benefits/community-services-card.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com): can reduce some GP and prescription costs. Eligibility depends on your circumstances and income.
- [Help with dental treatment — Work and Income](https://www.workandincome.govt.nz/eligibility/health-and-disability/dental-treatment?utm_source=chatgpt.com): financial assistance may be available for urgent or essential adult dental treatment.
- [Free healthcare for children under 14 — Health New Zealand](https://www.healthnz.govt.nz/hospitals-services/eligibility-subsidies/zero-fees-for-under-14s?utm_source=chatgpt.com): explains eligibility, participating practices and possible extra charges.
- [Free dental care for children — Health New Zealand](https://www.healthnz.govt.nz/hospitals-services/services-support/dentists?utm_source=chatgpt.com): explains how to enrol your child and access publicly funded dental services.

## 5. Where to go next

For your vote, the most consequential distinction is between parties proposing to reduce what patients pay directly and parties concentrating more on increasing the number of appointments, treatments and medicines available. Some parties propose elements of both.

Because you are also balancing childcare costs and part-time work, one further question is worth examining alongside healthcare: how each party's childcare subsidies, Working for Families, benefit rules and housing policies could affect your take-home income. Those policies can determine whether you can afford to work additional hours even when healthcare is inexpensive.

You can also read the [New Zealand Medical Journal's October 2026 comparison of health policies](https://www.nzmj.org.nz/journal/vol-139-no-1643/election-2026-and-health-promises-priorities-and-delivery?utm_source=chatgpt.com) for more detail on the parties' wider health plans.

## Gemini

Answer ID: c8acb6bf-f4bf-44ab-ae7c-6746a13dc7a9

For the 2026 New Zealand general election, political parties have put forward distinct proposals addressing the cost and availability of healthcare, which directly affect families, parents, and children. 

As a sole parent renting and working part-time, your household economics—balancing childcare costs, rent, and working hours—intersect closely with policies targeting primary healthcare costs (like GP visits and prescriptions) and targeted support. 

The major party policy positions break down as follows:

---

### **New Zealand Labour Party**
Labour’s health platform heavily targets primary care affordability and out-of-pocket medical costs, funded via a proposed targeted capital gains tax.
* **Free GP Visits:** Proposes a "Medicard" system providing **three free doctor or nurse visits per year** for every New Zealander.
* **Free Prescriptions:** Plans to entirely remove the **$5 prescription co-payment fee** for everyone starting July 2027.
* **Maternal & Family Health:** Introduces free referred maternity scans (from July 2028) and free cervical screening (from late 2027). 
* **Parental Support & KiwiSaver:** Proposes extending KiwiSaver employer contributions for parents while they are on parental leave.

### **National Party**
The National Party's approach focuses on expanding public-private capacity, reducing waitlists, and targeted health investments rather than broad universal subsidies for GP visits.
* **Targeted Health Investments:** Focuses funding on boosting primary care infrastructure and capacity (such as investments through Budget packages) rather than universal free GP cards, which National has criticized as untargeted.
* **Maternal & Child Care:** Highlights extended support including **three-day post-natal stays** for new mothers and increased funding for palliative care centres for seriously ill children.
* **Screening & Medicines:** Expanding funding for new medicines (including cancer treatments) and broadening screening programs (such as lowering the bowel screening age and expanding free cervical screening).
* **Waitlist Reduction:** Utilizing public-private partnerships ("Elective Boost" contracts) to clear surgical and procedural backlogs faster.

### **Green Party**
The Greens advocate for a deeply expanded public healthcare model funded by a wealth tax, aiming to eliminate financial barriers to care entirely.
* **Universal Free Primary Care:** Goes further than other major parties by campaigning for **unlimited free GP visits** for everyone, alongside free dental care.
* **Community Clinics:** Prioritizes establishing community-led health and care clinics in high-need areas first.
* **Public System Protection:** Strongly opposes outsourcing public health services to private providers, arguing that funds should be concentrated strictly on rebuilding and expanding the public health workforce and infrastructure.

### **ACT New Zealand**
ACT focuses on structural reform of the health funding model, shifting government away from being a direct provider toward a purchaser model.
* **Medicines Funding:** Proposes a structured path to close the funding gap with Australia regarding Pharmac-funded medicines by increasing the health budget percentage allocated to drugs year-on-year.
* **Private Sector & Insurance Options:** Favors alternative structural models, such as incentivizing private cover or health savings accounts, arguing that the public system needs productivity and structural overhaul rather than generalized blanket subsidies.

### **Te Pāti Māori**
Te Pāti Māori emphasizes community-led, kaupapa Māori healthcare frameworks, targeting low-income whānau.
* **Low-Income Subsidies:** Proposes free primary healthcare and dental care specifically for all whānau and individuals earning under $60,000 per year.
* **Māori Health Card & Authority:** Advocates for structural shifts including a dedicated Māori Health Card linking funding directly to patients, and reinstating a Māori-led health authority to address equity gaps.

---

### Summary for Your Situation
If your primary concern is **immediate out-of-pocket relief at the doctor's clinic and pharmacy**, parties like **Labour** propose direct universal reliefs (free prescriptions and annual free GP visits), while the **Greens** propose completely free GP and dental care. Conversely, parties like **National** focus heavily on system-level capacity, medicines access, and maternal support stays, and **Te Pāti Māori** targets specific income thresholds (under $60,000) for free primary care.

Would you like to explore how these parties' wider policies on **early childhood education (ECE) subsidies or working-for-families tax credits** compare alongside their healthcare packages?

## Google AI Mode

Answer ID: 11dbc0a8-6633-4a7e-b717-3581fb3a8c7a

As a sole parent working part-time with a preschooler, managing the cost and time impact of healthcare is a major balancing act. In the lead-up to the **_2026 New Zealand general election_** , political parties have outlined distinct approaches to primary healthcare, prescriptions, and family support costs.

The primary healthcare landscape highlights contrasting approaches between the political parties:

 * * **The Labour Party:** Proposes an affordability package anchored by the **Medicard** (a physical card and app issued to every New Zealander).
 * **Key Proposals:** Three free GP visits per year at your enrolled practice, free prescriptions, free maternity scans, and free cervical screening (ages 25 to 69). They also propose a Family Doctor Loan Scheme to support local practices.

 * **Parties currently in Government / National-led approach:** Focus on maximizing existing health funding efficiency rather than universal free visits.
 * **Key Proposals:** Expanding the list of government-subsidised medicines (with a strong focus on cancer drugs and serious illnesses) and widening the scope of practice for allied health professionals like pharmacists and physician associates to make primary care more accessible and make funding go further.

 * **Broader Left / Progressive Parties (e.g., Greens / Te Pāti Māori - general alignment):** Generally advocate for broader systemic shifts, pushing for fully free GP visits and expanded preventative care frameworks embedded in primary healthcare.

 *

 _Note: General healthcare access for children under 14 is already heavily subsidized or free for standard after-hours/daytime GP visits in many DHB/Te Whatu Ora districts, but adult costs (for parents) and after-hours care for preschoolers frequently place a heavy cash-flow burden on sole-parent budgets._

Would you like me to look into what parties are proposing for **early childhood education (ECE) subsidies and working-for-families support** in 2026 to further help you evaluate your options?

## AI Overviews

Answer ID: da819d31-d221-4b4b-9939-3a01c7a0c373

As a working sole parent renting in New Zealand, policies concerning **childcare costs, workforce obligations, and healthcare** directly impact both your weekly budget and your ability to adjust your hours. Under current Work and Income rules, parents on Sole Parent Support face a part-time work test (20 hours per week) once their youngest child turns three.

Ahead of the 2026 General Election, political parties are offering distinctly different approaches to early childhood education (ECE) subsidies and healthcare accessibility.

* * *

👶 Early Childhood Education & Childcare Costs

The major political parties propose contrasting frameworks for managing your out-of-pocket childcare fees:

 * **National Party:** Focuses on direct financial relief to parents via the existing **FamilyBoost rebate**. Re-electing National means continuing a tax rebate of **up to $120 a week** depending on your income. They also propose to gradually **extend paid parental leave to 30 weeks by 2029** and introduce a $1,500

KiwiSaver "Baby Boost

" for newborns. In the classroom, they plan to ban digital screens for ECE students.

 * **Labour Party:** Focuses on supply-side funding by investing **$600 million over four years to boost childcare teacher pay** , aiming for pay parity with kindergarten teachers to stabilize the workforce. They have previously prioritized increasing the availability of the qualified workforce over direct cash rebates.

 * **Green Party:** Proposes structural welfare reform to cap parent ECE fees at **$10 per day per child** above the standard 20-hour free entitlement. Their long-term 2029 goal is to make early childhood education **entirely free for up to 35 hours per week** by cutting public subsidies to for-profit corporate chains and funding community-based providers directly.

 * **ACT Party:** Prioritizes **cutting compliance and regulatory barriers** for childcare providers rather than state-mandated pay parity or direct sector expansion. They seek to lower the cost of running centers to naturally improve workforce participation.

* * *

🏥 Healthcare Costs and Availability

For a part-time worker navigating a tight budget, the cost of a GP visit can be a significant barrier. While children under 14 already qualify for free general practice visits in NZ, care for parents varies by party platform:

Party| Healthcare Proposals for Parents & Children
---|---
**Labour**| **Medicard Policy:** Guarantees **three free GP visits per year for every New Zealander**. They also promise free prescriptions and free maternity scans.
**National**| **Targeted Funding:** Prioritizes boosting the **Pharmac budget** to fund specific cancer treatments and reducing emergency department wait times rather than universal free visits.
**Green Party**| **System Underfunding:** Focuses on comprehensive health system reinvestment to prevent emergency department strain and expand equitable community health networks, funded by wealth tax reforms.
**ACT**| **Infrastructure Focus:** Recommends structural shifts, such as creating national specialized cancer centers, while shrinking core government departments to reduce public spending.

* * *

If you would like to explore this further, I can:

 * Detail how each party's **Working for Families tax credits** or **Accommodation Supplement** changes might impact a renter's bottom line.

 * Breakdown what the **Green Party's wealth tax** or **Labour's capital gains tax** proposals mean for lower-income brackets.

 * Compare what the parties say about **welfare sanctions and work obligations** for sole parents.
