Evidence · Immigration

Immigration: questions, answers and evidence

Read all 797 original answers and the tables behind the findings. The 27 missing answers are from the China comparison on three platforms.

questions
143
captured answers
797
missing responses
27
answers collected
15–20 October 2026

01

Every question, with its answers

Each question was written as a voter would ask it and went to all four assistants. Some were also asked from a town. Open a question to read every answer to it in full.

Showing 20 of 143 questions

02

The tables behind the study

Every figure on the study page comes from these tables. They are CSV files, which open in any spreadsheet.

  • Complete AI answers

    answers.csv

    One complete original answer, with the question, platform, country setting and migrant profile.

    question_id, surface_code, location_ref, result_id, prompt_id, platform, scan_id, collection_panel, question_text, response_text

  • The questions we asked

    question-catalogue.csv

    One question with the migrant profile, wording and purpose.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Planned questions, platforms and countries

    execution-assignments.csv

    One question, platform and country we planned to collect an answer from.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • The 27 missing answers

    missing-cells.csv

    One expected answer that was not collected.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • Locations named for each migrant profile

    location-by-persona.csv

    How often a place was named in the twelve New Zealand answers for each migrant profile.

    persona, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles, wording_count, surface_count

  • Locations named across question wordings

    location-by-wording.csv

    One profile, platform and place, showing which versions of the question led to an answer naming the place.

    persona, surface, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles

  • Locations named by collection country

    location-by-region.csv

    One place and country setting; the China comparison has nine answers on Google AI Mode only.

    region, place, answers, denominator, surfaces

  • Eight countries on Google AI Mode

    location-ai-mode-eight-regions.csv

    One place and country across the same nine questions on Google AI Mode.

    region, place, answers, denominator

  • Matched local and overseas answers

    matched-region-answer-pairs.csv

    A New Zealand answer alongside the same question and platform using another country setting.

    region, surface, persona, question_id, result_id, nz_result_id, same_place_set, jaccard, added_names, omitted_names

  • Topics explicitly raised in the answers

    signals-by-output-platform.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by topic and platform.

    output, surface, signal, answers, denominator

  • Topics raised for each migrant profile

    signals-by-persona-output.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by migrant profile and topic.

    output, persona, signal, answers, denominator

  • Website addresses in captured answers

    captured-answer-links.csv

    Web addresses saved in the original answers, with image and file links identified.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, url, domain, host_class, image_or_asset

  • Extra table: links excluding images and files

    captured-links-by-platform.csv

    One platform across the same 143 New Zealand questions. The table excludes image and file links; the main Sources section counts those links.

    surface, denominator, answers_with_links, answers_with_govt_links

  • Captured answer lengths

    platform-answer-length.csv

    One platform across the same 143 local questions.

    surface, answers, median_words, mean_words

  • Recorded websites by answer

    sources-by-answer.csv

    Each website recorded as a source for an answer, with the page addresses and number of statements linked to the website.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, publisher, claim_count, source_urls

  • Recorded sources and their original claims

    source-claim-ledger.csv

    Sources attached to individual statements, with the original answer, quotation and source passage.

    narrative_id, claim_id, question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, url, source_passage, claim_quote, quote_exact

  • Answers with sources and answers with links

    source-answer-coverage.csv

    Each New Zealand answer, showing whether sources were recorded and whether the answer text contains a web link.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, associated_websites, had_sources, literal_url_answer

  • Website publisher classifications

    source-publisher-classification.csv

    Each website, the type of organisation behind the website and the reason for the category. Unconfirmed types remain Other.

    domain, publisher, basis, source

  • Tone toward each place

    place-sentiment-ledger.csv

    One named place in one answer, with the positive, neutral, negative or mixed label, supporting passages and reason. All 108 New Zealand answers about where to live were reviewed.

    result_id, question_id, prompt_id, persona, assistant, region, place, stance, paragraph_numbers, supporting_passages, display_passage, reason, answer_sha256, reviewed_on

  • Facts supplied in each question

    prompt-reporting-eligibility.csv

    Every question, with corrected descriptions of the facts stated and limits on interpreting its answers.

    question_id, reviewed_on, prompt_sha256, original_stated_facts, corrected_stated_facts, metadata_changed, destination_explicit, descriptive_counts_included, interpretation_rule

  • Sources across question styles

    source-wording-incidence.csv

    One website, profile, topic and platform, with answer totals, question styles and the original answer references.

    persona, output, surface, domain, answers_with_source, eligible_answers, wording_styles_with_source, eligible_wording_styles, observed_styles, eligible_styles, answer_ids, by_style

  • Questions with corrected fact descriptions

    question-catalogue-reviewed.csv

    The unchanged original question text with fact descriptions reviewed on 28 October 2026.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Statements checked against official sources

    statement-checks.csv

    One checked statement, with its exact passage, verdict, official source, review date and original answer reference.

    check_id, measure_id, question_checked, result_id, prompt_id, question_id, persona, assistant, wording, exact_statement, verdict, what_the_source_says, source_name, source_url, checked_on, answer_sha256

  • Policy questions covered by the checks

    statement-measures.csv

    One policy question, showing checked statements, original answers and the question wordings represented.

    measure_id, question_checked, checked_statements, distinct_answers, wording_styles_with_checked_assertions, wording_styles, answer_ids, question_ids, scope

Use the question and answer numbers to follow the evidence between tables. Locations named in warnings and comparisons count. Sources attached to an answer and web links in the answer text are counted separately.

03

The reviewed evidence

We read all 108 New Zealand answers about where to live to assess the tone toward each named place. A separate selection of 41 answers explores practical advice and contrasts across topics. The original policy checks were made on 22 October and expanded on 28 October 2026; verdicts cover selected statements, not every answer.

ChatGPT · New Zealand country setting

My partner is a New Zealand citizen, and we want to move there with our preschool child after living overseas. What visa options might fit me, what could rule me out, and what else would you need to know?

If your partner is a New Zealand citizen and you want to move to New Zealand together with your preschool-aged child, a visa based on your relationship with your partner may be one of the main options to explore. The right pathway depends on whether you are married, in a civil union, or in a de facto relationship, how long you have lived together, your child's citizenship, and your own immigration and health history.

There may also be work or other visa pathways worth considering. Below is a practical overview of what could fit, what might prevent approval, and the details I would need to narrow it down.

1. Visa options that may fit your family

Option A: Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa

Residence pathway

This can let you live, work and study in New Zealand indefinitely.

The key relationship requirement is that you and your partner have been living together in a genuine and stable relationship for at least 12 months when you apply. You can generally include dependent children aged 24 or younger who meet the relevant requirements.

If you and your partner have lived together overseas for at least five years, and your partner has also lived outside New Zealand for at least five years, you may qualify for a Permanent Resident Visa directly instead. Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa » Immigration New Zealand

Official visa details

Option B: Partner of a New Zealander Work Visa

Temporary visa with work rights

This may suit you if you want to move sooner but have not yet lived together for 12 months, or if you need time to prepare a residence application.

You must be living together in a genuine and stable relationship and meet the other requirements. Depending on how long you have lived together, the visa may be granted for one year initially or up to three years.

Your child cannot be included in your work visa application, so you would need to arrange an appropriate separate visa for them. Partner of a New Zealander Work Visa » Immigration New Zealand

Official visa details

Option C: Partner of a New Zealander Visitor Visa

Temporary stay

This may be useful if you want to relocate temporarily while planning your longer-term immigration route, or if you do not need to work immediately.

It can allow a stay of up to three years, depending on your circumstances and relationship history. You cannot work in New Zealand on this visa, although limited remote work for overseas employers or clients may be permitted under visitor visa rules.

Dependent children can be included in this visitor visa application, subject to the requirements. Partner of a New Zealander Visitor Visa » Immigration New Zealand

Official visa details

Option D: A visa based on your own work or qualifications

Depending on your occupation, qualifications, work experience and whether you can secure a suitable New Zealand job offer, an independent work or skilled-residence pathway might also be available.

This could be worth investigating if the partnership route is not immediately available, or if you want to compare different routes to residence.

Explore New Zealand work visas

An important recent change: Immigration New Zealand announced new requirements on 25 September 2026 for partnership-based residence. The 12-month cohabitation period for residence can only count from when both partners are at least 18. Temporary partnership visas have different requirements and do not have an explicit 12-month minimum. New age and evidence requirements for some partnership-based visas :: Immigration New Zealand

2. What about your preschool child?

Your child's position needs to be checked separately from yours. They may have a simpler pathway than you do.

  • New Zealand citizenship by descent: If your child was born overseas and your partner was a New Zealand citizen by birth or grant when the child was born, your child may already be eligible for citizenship by descent. This depends on the circumstances and should be checked before applying for a visa.
  • Dependent Child Resident Visa: If your child is not a New Zealand citizen, a residence pathway may be available through an eligible parent, depending on the parent's immigration status and the child's circumstances.
  • A separate temporary visa: If you initially enter on a temporary partner visa, your child may need a separate visitor or other appropriate visa. The exact option depends on who is supporting the application and the intended length of stay.

Official resources: New Zealand citizenship by descent and Dependent Child Resident Visa. Dependent Child Resident Visa » Immigration New Zealand

3. What could rule you out or complicate your application?

These are the main things I would check before recommending a pathway.

Potential issue Why it matters
Not enough time living together A residence application generally requires at least 12 months of living together. A marriage certificate alone does not replace this requirement.
Limited relationship evidence Immigration New Zealand looks at shared living arrangements, finances, household responsibilities and whether others recognise your relationship.
Periods living apart This is not automatically disqualifying, but you may need to explain why you were apart, for how long and how you maintained the relationship.
Your partner's previous sponsorship history Restrictions apply if your partner has previously supported another person's successful residence application or was included as a partner in one.
Health requirements Depending on the visa, medical examinations or chest X-rays may be required, and health issues can affect eligibility.
Character or immigration history Criminal convictions, deportations, exclusions, or false or misleading information in previous applications can cause problems.
Your child's legal or immigration status Citizenship, parentage, custody and consent arrangements can affect the child's route to New Zealand.

These issues do not all automatically mean refusal. Some circumstances may be considered under waiver provisions, and the effect depends on the visa category and individual facts. Partnership and how to prove it :: Immigration New ZealandPartner of a New Zealander Resident Visa » Immigration New ZealandCharacter requirements for New Zealand visas :: Immigration New Zealand

4. A few questions so I can narrow this down

You don't need to share identifying details. Approximate dates and general answers are enough to start.

Your circumstances

Answer what you can. You can leave anything uncertain for now.

With those answers, I can help you work out whether it makes sense to pursue residence directly, use a temporary partnership visa first, or investigate another pathway — and what visa arrangements your child would need.

This is an initial eligibility assessment, not a formal immigration decision. The final application should be checked against Immigration New Zealand's current rules, especially given the recent partnership-residence changes.

Ask anything

ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Gemini · New Zealand country setting

My partner is a New Zealand citizen, and we want to move there with our preschool child after living overseas. What visa options might fit me, what could rule me out, and what else would you need to know?

Because your partner is a New Zealand citizen, you have clear pathways under Immigration New Zealand (INZ) partnership rules to move to New Zealand with your preschool child.

Visa Options That Fit You

  1. Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa

    • What it is: A direct residence visa allowing you to live, work, and study in New Zealand indefinitely.
    • The Core Requirement: You must prove that you and your partner have been living together in a genuine and stable relationship for at least 12 months.
    • Child status: If your preschool child is a dependent child and your partner is their biological/legal parent, they can typically be included in your application for residence. If your partner is not the biological/legal parent of the child, separate guardianship or parental consent requirements will apply.
  2. Partner of a New Zealander Work Visa

    • What it is: A temporary work visa (usually granted for up to 3 years) if you have not yet reached the 12-month cohabitation threshold, or if you prefer a stepping stone before applying for residence.
    • Work rights: It grants open work rights, meaning you can work for any employer in New Zealand. This can later transition into a partnership-based resident visa once you hit the 12-month living-together mark.

What Could Rule You Out or Cause Major Delays

  • Insufficient Proof of Living Together: INZ is notoriously strict about partnership evidence. Having photos and a shared history is not enough; you must provide documentary proof that you have shared a home for the required period (e.g., joint tenancy agreements, joint bank accounts, utility bills in both names, mail sent to the same address). If you lived overseas in separate places or spent extended periods apart without clear tracking, it can trigger rejections or delays.
  • Character and Health Requirements: Failing police vetting checks (criminal history) or failing to meet standard INZ health/medical criteria (including chest X-rays) can result in a decline or require a character/medical waiver.
  • Sponsor Limitations: Your New Zealand citizen partner must meet "eligible sponsor" criteria. For instance, if they have sponsored previous partners or have a history of certain offenses (such as domestic violence related convictions), they may be barred from supporting your visa.
  • The "Living Together" Definition at Application: If you are applying from overseas, INZ looks closely at whether you are currently residing together or have a compelling reason for temporary separation immediately prior to the application.

What Else I Would Need to Know

To give you a more precise roadmap, it would help to understand:

  1. Your cohabitation timeline: Have you and your partner been continuously living together at the same address for 12 months or more?
  2. Your child's legal status: Is your partner the biological or legal parent of your preschool child, or are they a step-parent?
  3. Your current location and travel plans: Are you planning to apply from overseas before moving, or will you travel to New Zealand on visitor entry first?
Ask Gemini

Gemini is AI and can make mistakes.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Google AI Mode · New Zealand country setting

My partner is a New Zealand citizen, and we want to move there with our preschool child after living overseas. What visa options might fit me, what could rule me out, and what else would you need to know?

Moving to New Zealand as the partner of a New Zealand citizen with a preschool child opens up specific family-based immigration pathways through Immigration New Zealand (INZ).

Visa Options

  • Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa: This pathway grants permanent residence Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa » Immigration New Zealand. It allows you to live, work, and study indefinitely Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa » Immigration New Zealand, and your preschool child can be included as a dependent child Partnership Visas Guide NZ | New Zealand Immigration Partners. It requires proof of living together in a genuine and stable relationship for 12 months or more.

  • Partner of a New Zealander Work Visa: If you have been living together in a stable relationship for less than 12 months, this temporary work visa lets you move and work in New Zealand for up to one or three years (depending on the exact duration of cohabitation) while you build up the 12-month requirement for residence.

  • Dependent Child Student/Visitor Status: Your preschool child (under 5 years old) does not require a formal student visa to attend early childhood education (ECE), but their immigration status will align with your family's overarching visitor, work, or resident visas.

What Could Rule You Out or Cause Delays

  • Insufficient cohabitation proof: Lacking robust, verifiable evidence that you have lived together for 12 months (such as joint tenancy agreements, shared bank accounts, or utility bills) will prevent approval for the direct Resident Visa.

  • Sponsor limitations: A New Zealand citizen partner who has previously sponsored other partners (a maximum of two lifetime sponsorships is allowed, with a mandatory 5-year gap between them) may be restricted from supporting your application.

  • Character and health issues: Failing standard health screenings or police clearance checks (criminal history or severe medical conditions imposing excessive costs on the health system) can disqualify an applicant.

  • Relationship definition gaps: Relationships that are not deemed "genuine and stable" (e.g., long periods apart without compelling reasons, or lack of social recognition) will fail INZ scrutiny.

To help narrow down the exact strategy and timeline, please let me know:

  • How long you and your partner have been living together continuously.
  • Whether your partner has sponsored a previous partner to New Zealand before.
  • If you have already gathered joint evidence (e.g., shared address history, finances).
Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026

AI Overviews · New Zealand country setting

My partner is a New Zealand citizen, and we want to move there with our preschool child after living overseas. What visa options might fit me, what could rule me out, and what else would you need to know?

AI Overview

As the partner of a New Zealand citizen, you can apply for a Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa , a Partner of a New Zealander Work Visa , or a Partner of a New Zealander Visitor Visa.

Visa Options

  • Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa: Grants indefinite rights to live, work, and study in New Zealand if you have lived together in a genuine and stable relationship for at least 12 months. If you have lived together outside New Zealand for 5 years or longer, you may even qualify directly for a permanent resident visa. Your preschool child can be included as a dependent child in your application.
  • Partner of a New Zealander Work Visa: Grants an open work visa (allowing you to work for any employer) for 12 to 24 months depending on your cohabitation history, which helps you build up the 12-month living-together requirement if you do not yet meet it.
  • Partner of a New Zealander Visitor Visa: Allows you to stay with your citizen partner for up to 3 years if you need time to settle or cannot work locally, though it does not grant local work rights.

What Could Rule You Out or Cause Delays

  • Insufficient Cohabitation Evidence: You must prove you and your partner live (or have lived) together in a shared, genuine household. Casual dating, long-distance relationships without cohabitation, or separate housing do not qualify.
  • Age Restrictions: Both partners must be at least 18 years old at the time of application, and relationship evidence is generally counted only from the time both partners reached age 18.
  • Character or Health Issues: You (and your partner) must meet Immigration New Zealand (INZ) health and character standards, meaning severe criminal convictions or undisclosed medical conditions can lead to a decline unless a waiver is granted.
  • Sponsor Limitations: Your New Zealand citizen partner cannot have sponsored more than two partnership residence applications in total, or another partner within the last 5 years. They also cannot have convictions related to domestic violence or sexual offenses.

What Else Would Be Helpful to Know

To pinpoint the exact steps, timeline, and documents required, it helps to know:

  • How long you and your partner have lived together continuously and whether you are legally married, in a civil union, or de facto.
  • Where you plan to apply from (whether you are still overseas or already onshore in New Zealand).
  • Whether your preschool child holds a New Zealand passport or citizenship by descent through your partner.

If you can share how long you have lived together and whether you are applying from overseas or already in New Zealand , I can give you a clearer idea of which visa fits best and what documents you will need to gather.

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026