Evidence · Immigration

Immigration: questions, answers and evidence

Read all 797 original answers and the tables behind the findings. The 27 missing answers are from the China comparison on three platforms.

questions
143
captured answers
797
missing responses
27
answers collected
15–20 October 2026

01

Every question, with its answers

Each question was written as a voter would ask it and went to all four assistants. Some were also asked from a town. Open a question to read every answer to it in full.

Showing 20 of 143 questions

02

The tables behind the study

Every figure on the study page comes from these tables. They are CSV files, which open in any spreadsheet.

  • Complete AI answers

    answers.csv

    One complete original answer, with the question, platform, country setting and migrant profile.

    question_id, surface_code, location_ref, result_id, prompt_id, platform, scan_id, collection_panel, question_text, response_text

  • The questions we asked

    question-catalogue.csv

    One question with the migrant profile, wording and purpose.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Planned questions, platforms and countries

    execution-assignments.csv

    One question, platform and country we planned to collect an answer from.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • The 27 missing answers

    missing-cells.csv

    One expected answer that was not collected.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • Locations named for each migrant profile

    location-by-persona.csv

    How often a place was named in the twelve New Zealand answers for each migrant profile.

    persona, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles, wording_count, surface_count

  • Locations named across question wordings

    location-by-wording.csv

    One profile, platform and place, showing which versions of the question led to an answer naming the place.

    persona, surface, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles

  • Locations named by collection country

    location-by-region.csv

    One place and country setting; the China comparison has nine answers on Google AI Mode only.

    region, place, answers, denominator, surfaces

  • Eight countries on Google AI Mode

    location-ai-mode-eight-regions.csv

    One place and country across the same nine questions on Google AI Mode.

    region, place, answers, denominator

  • Matched local and overseas answers

    matched-region-answer-pairs.csv

    A New Zealand answer alongside the same question and platform using another country setting.

    region, surface, persona, question_id, result_id, nz_result_id, same_place_set, jaccard, added_names, omitted_names

  • Topics explicitly raised in the answers

    signals-by-output-platform.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by topic and platform.

    output, surface, signal, answers, denominator

  • Topics raised for each migrant profile

    signals-by-persona-output.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by migrant profile and topic.

    output, persona, signal, answers, denominator

  • Website addresses in captured answers

    captured-answer-links.csv

    Web addresses saved in the original answers, with image and file links identified.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, url, domain, host_class, image_or_asset

  • Extra table: links excluding images and files

    captured-links-by-platform.csv

    One platform across the same 143 New Zealand questions. The table excludes image and file links; the main Sources section counts those links.

    surface, denominator, answers_with_links, answers_with_govt_links

  • Captured answer lengths

    platform-answer-length.csv

    One platform across the same 143 local questions.

    surface, answers, median_words, mean_words

  • Recorded websites by answer

    sources-by-answer.csv

    Each website recorded as a source for an answer, with the page addresses and number of statements linked to the website.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, publisher, claim_count, source_urls

  • Recorded sources and their original claims

    source-claim-ledger.csv

    Sources attached to individual statements, with the original answer, quotation and source passage.

    narrative_id, claim_id, question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, url, source_passage, claim_quote, quote_exact

  • Answers with sources and answers with links

    source-answer-coverage.csv

    Each New Zealand answer, showing whether sources were recorded and whether the answer text contains a web link.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, associated_websites, had_sources, literal_url_answer

  • Website publisher classifications

    source-publisher-classification.csv

    Each website, the type of organisation behind the website and the reason for the category. Unconfirmed types remain Other.

    domain, publisher, basis, source

  • Tone toward each place

    place-sentiment-ledger.csv

    One named place in one answer, with the positive, neutral, negative or mixed label, supporting passages and reason. All 108 New Zealand answers about where to live were reviewed.

    result_id, question_id, prompt_id, persona, assistant, region, place, stance, paragraph_numbers, supporting_passages, display_passage, reason, answer_sha256, reviewed_on

  • Facts supplied in each question

    prompt-reporting-eligibility.csv

    Every question, with corrected descriptions of the facts stated and limits on interpreting its answers.

    question_id, reviewed_on, prompt_sha256, original_stated_facts, corrected_stated_facts, metadata_changed, destination_explicit, descriptive_counts_included, interpretation_rule

  • Sources across question styles

    source-wording-incidence.csv

    One website, profile, topic and platform, with answer totals, question styles and the original answer references.

    persona, output, surface, domain, answers_with_source, eligible_answers, wording_styles_with_source, eligible_wording_styles, observed_styles, eligible_styles, answer_ids, by_style

  • Questions with corrected fact descriptions

    question-catalogue-reviewed.csv

    The unchanged original question text with fact descriptions reviewed on 28 October 2026.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Statements checked against official sources

    statement-checks.csv

    One checked statement, with its exact passage, verdict, official source, review date and original answer reference.

    check_id, measure_id, question_checked, result_id, prompt_id, question_id, persona, assistant, wording, exact_statement, verdict, what_the_source_says, source_name, source_url, checked_on, answer_sha256

  • Policy questions covered by the checks

    statement-measures.csv

    One policy question, showing checked statements, original answers and the question wordings represented.

    measure_id, question_checked, checked_statements, distinct_answers, wording_styles_with_checked_assertions, wording_styles, answer_ids, question_ids, scope

Use the question and answer numbers to follow the evidence between tables. Locations named in warnings and comparisons count. Sources attached to an answer and web links in the answer text are counted separately.

03

The reviewed evidence

We read all 108 New Zealand answers about where to live to assess the tone toward each named place. A separate selection of 41 answers explores practical advice and contrasts across topics. The original policy checks were made on 22 October and expanded on 28 October 2026; verdicts cover selected statements, not every answer.

ChatGPT · New Zealand country setting

reasons not to move a family to New Zealand as an overseas nurse without registration or a job

Reasons not to move your family to New Zealand as an overseas nurse without registration or a job

Moving to New Zealand can offer a good lifestyle, a safe environment for children and opportunities to build a future. However, moving with your family before securing nursing registration, employment or a clear financial plan carries significant risks.

The biggest concern is that you could arrive expecting to work as a nurse, discover that registration takes longer than expected, and end up using your savings to support your family while you are unable to earn the income you planned for.

Here are the main reasons to think carefully before making the move.

1. Nursing registration is not automatic

Your overseas nursing qualification does not automatically allow you to practise as a registered nurse in New Zealand.

  • You must meet the requirements of the Nursing Council of New Zealand.
  • Depending on your qualifications, registration history, country of training and individual circumstances, you may need to provide extensive documents, demonstrate English-language proficiency, complete competence requirements or undertake additional assessment.
  • Verification and assessment can take time, and you should not assume that your application will be approved.
  • You may be unable to work in a nursing role that requires New Zealand registration until you have the appropriate authority to practise.

The risk: You could relocate with your family and then spend months waiting for a decision, without being able to work in your intended profession.

Official starting point: Nursing Council of New Zealand.

2. Nursing jobs may be harder to secure than you expect

A major misconception is that New Zealand's healthcare system will automatically need every overseas nurse who wants to move there.

The Nursing Council currently advises internationally qualified nurses to explore employment before moving, noting that demand has decreased compared with previous years, although some specialties, including mental health and addiction, may have stronger demand. Internationally Qualified Nurses

Potential problems include:

  • Employers may prefer candidates who already hold New Zealand registration.
  • You may face competition for the roles and locations you prefer.
  • Employers may not be willing to wait for your registration to be completed.
  • Your previous experience might not match the specialty or role being recruited for.

The risk: You could move to New Zealand expecting to find a nursing job quickly, only to discover that the process takes much longer than anticipated.

3. You could run out of savings before you start earning

12

New Zealand can be expensive for a family, especially when you are arriving without employment.

You may need to pay for:

  • Flights for the entire family, shipping and temporary accommodation.
  • Rental bond, advance rent and household essentials.
  • Groceries, electricity, internet and mobile phones.
  • Transport, a car or public transport, and potentially car insurance.
  • Children's clothing, school-related costs and childcare.
  • Registration, document verification, English tests and immigration applications.

Rent is commonly charged weekly, and a rental bond can be as much as four weeks' rent. Costs vary substantially depending on where in New Zealand you live. Cost of living in New Zealand :: Immigration New Zealand

The danger is that your savings may be sufficient for the initial move but not for several months of living expenses without your expected salary.

4. Your visa situation could prevent the plan from working

You cannot assume that arriving in New Zealand automatically gives you the right to live and work there indefinitely.

For example, the Accredited Employer Work Visa generally requires a qualifying full-time job offer from an accredited employer. Nursing also requires the relevant occupational registration. Check if you need occupational registration for your job :: Immigration New ZealandAccredited Employer Work Visa » Immigration New Zealand

Before moving, you would need to establish:

  • Which visa you personally qualify for without a nursing job.
  • Whether your partner can legally work.
  • Whether your children can obtain appropriate visas.
  • Whether your visa allows you to work in an alternative job while waiting for registration.
  • What happens if registration or employment takes longer than expected.

Family visa eligibility depends on the particular visa and, in some cases, the primary applicant's job and income. Bringing family if you have a work visa :: Immigration New Zealand

The risk: Your family could arrive with a plan that depends on work you are not legally permitted to do, or on a visa pathway you do not actually qualify for.

Check the rules directly with Immigration New Zealand.

5. You might have to accept work outside nursing

If nursing registration is delayed, you may need to consider temporary work in another industry, provided your visa permits it.

That could mean working in retail, hospitality, cleaning, administration or support roles for which you are suitably qualified.

The downsides are significant:

  • Your income could be lower than the nursing salary you budgeted for.
  • You may be unable to find work immediately.
  • Shift patterns could make childcare and family life difficult.
  • You could spend money and time on relocation without advancing your nursing career.

You may also find that a non-nursing job does not provide a straightforward route to the longer-term immigration status you hoped to obtain.

6. Your partner may struggle to find work too

If your partner is accompanying you, it is risky to assume that they will quickly find a job.

Their ability to work will depend on their visa conditions, qualifications, experience and the jobs available. Even when legally entitled to work, finding suitable employment may take time.

If neither adult earns an income for several months, your savings will be supporting the entire family.

A safer financial plan should work even if only one adult finds work initially—or neither does for a period.

7. Healthcare access may not be what you expect

New Zealand has publicly funded healthcare, but not everyone who arrives is automatically eligible for all publicly funded services.

Eligibility depends on immigration status and other criteria. People who do not qualify may have to pay for healthcare or arrange insurance. Eligibility for publicly funded health and disability servicesAccess to public services while in New Zealand :: Immigration New Zealand

This matters particularly if anyone in the family needs regular medication, specialist treatment, ongoing therapy or other continuing care.

Before relocating, check eligibility for every family member rather than assuming that a future nursing job will immediately resolve all healthcare costs.

Official information: Health New Zealand — eligibility for publicly funded healthcare.

8. Your children could experience a difficult transition

Moving countries can be a wonderful experience for children, but it also involves disruption.

Consider the possibility of:

  • Leaving grandparents, cousins and close friends behind.
  • Adjusting to a new school, curriculum and social environment.
  • Losing familiar childcare arrangements and family support.
  • Managing the stress of a move while parents are worried about money or employment.

If you have young children, childcare availability and cost are particularly important. If you have teenagers, leaving established friendships and preparing for examinations or further education may make the transition harder.

These are not reasons that every family should avoid moving, but they are real costs that can be underestimated when the focus is primarily on a parent's career.

9. You may underestimate the isolation and distance

8

New Zealand's natural environment is a major attraction, but its geographical isolation is also a disadvantage.

  • International trips to visit relatives can be expensive and time-consuming.
  • Emergency travel home may be difficult to afford.
  • You may have fewer relatives available to help with sick children or unexpected childcare.
  • If you settle far from your preferred employment opportunities, changing jobs or relocating within New Zealand may become necessary.

Without a local support network, everyday family responsibilities can become more demanding, particularly when both parents work shifts.

10. You could put your long-term career plans on hold

If you are already an experienced nurse overseas, moving without a confirmed route to registration and employment could interrupt your career.

You might spend months completing administrative requirements, applying for jobs and working outside your profession. Returning to your previous country may also be complicated if you have resigned, sold property or disrupted your professional arrangements.

This is especially relevant if you currently have a secure nursing job, good benefits, career progression or a reliable income where you live.

The key question is not whether New Zealand offers nursing opportunities. It is whether moving now offers a better overall outcome than completing registration and securing employment before relocating.

What would make moving particularly risky?

Here is a practical way to assess your situation.

Situation Why it matters
No New Zealand nursing registration You cannot yet assume you can practise as a registered nurse.
No written job offer Your expected income and employment start date are uncertain.
Limited savings A prolonged job search could put your family under financial pressure.
Partner cannot work Your household may rely on one income or savings alone.
Children need paid childcare Costs can rise significantly before your income stabilises.
No confirmed visa pathway Your ability to live, work and bring your family may be uncertain.
No family or friends in New Zealand You may have less practical and emotional support.

What I would do before moving

Rather than ruling out New Zealand completely, I would make the move conditional on several milestones.

Pre-move checklist

0 of 6

Check my eligibility for registration with the Nursing Council of New Zealand.

Complete the document verification and establish the likely registration requirements and costs.

Research actual vacancies and contact employers about registration and recruitment requirements.

Confirm my visa pathway and my partner's and children's visa eligibility.

Prepare a realistic family budget, including moving costs and at least several months of living expenses.

Decide what we will do if registration or employment takes six months or longer.

The official internationally qualified nurse guidance is particularly important because the Council says that applications are individually assessed and processing times vary. It also encourages nurses to investigate employment before arriving. Internationally Qualified Nurses

My overall assessment

The strongest reason not to move your family yet is the combination of three uncertainties: registration, employment and income. Any one of them can be manageable. Facing all three simultaneously, while paying for an entire family's living expenses in a new country, is a much bigger gamble.

If you can complete registration, secure a written job offer and confirm the family's visa arrangements before travelling, many of these risks become more manageable. You do not necessarily need every detail of your future settled, but you should know that you have a viable route to earning an income.

One detail would help me give you a much more realistic assessment: which country are you currently working in as a nurse? The registration requirements, likelihood of needing further assessment and practical risks can differ considerably depending on where you trained and are registered.

Ask anything

ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Gemini · New Zealand country setting

reasons not to move a family to New Zealand as an overseas nurse without registration or a job

Moving an entire family to New Zealand without local nursing registration or a confirmed job offer introduces substantial professional, financial, and logistical risks. While New Zealand frequently faces healthcare shortages, navigating the immigration and registration landscape independently before securing employment can heavily strain a household.

The primary reasons against making this move under those conditions include:

1. Regulatory Hurdles and Registration Delays

  • Lengthy Assessment Pathways: International nurses cannot automatically practice upon arrival. You must clear a credential verification process (via CGFNS/TruMerit) and satisfy the Nursing Council of New Zealand (NCNZ) standards.
  • Mandatory Exams and Clinicals: Depending on your background, you may be required to pass an online theoretical exam and complete an in-person, two-day orientation followed by a high-stakes clinical examination (OSCE). These components take months to coordinate, must often be done on-site in New Zealand, and carry out-of-pocket costs for travel, lodging, and exam fees.
  • No Income Generation: Until full registration and an Annual Practising Certificate (APC) are issued, you cannot legally work as a nurse.

2. Severe Financial Strain and High Cost of Living

  • Intense Rental and Housing Pressures: New Zealand’s major urban centers (such as Auckland and Wellington) feature high median rental costs. Securing a family-sized rental property without local employment history, references, or a guaranteed income stream is notoriously difficult, as landlords heavily favor applicants with secure, local jobs.
  • Rapidly Depleting Savings: Without a steady incoming salary, supporting a family on savings alone creates a high-pressure environment. Everyday expenses—including groceries, utilities, and transport—are high by international standards, meaning foreign cash reserves can burn through much faster than anticipated.

3. Visa and Immigration Vulnerabilities

  • Lack of Employer-Sponsored Pathways: Moving without a job offer usually means relying on temporary visitor or working holiday pathways (if eligible by age/nationality) rather than a direct, secure residence visa. Visitor visas strictly prohibit work, leaving families entirely dependent on shrinking savings.
  • Dependent Complications: Bringing a partner and children without a primary work-sponsored visa can complicate schooling rights, healthcare access subsidies, and partner work rights, forcing families into precarious legal statuses while awaiting a breakthrough.

4. Professional and Family Disruption

  • High-Stress Relocation: Dislocating a family internationally is emotionally and physically taxing. Doing so while simultaneously studying for rigorous nursing competency exams, dealing with bureaucratic processing times, and hunting for an entry-level survival job creates compounding stress.
  • Uncertain Job Placement: While nurses are in demand, specific locations or hospital districts may not have immediate vacancies matching your exact specialty preference, leaving you stranded even after registration if a job isn't pre-lined up.

Recommended Alternative: It is typically far safer and more cost-effective to complete the Nursing Council registration paperwork and secure a job offer (often including relocation assistance) from your home country before boarding a flight with your family.

Are you currently in the early stages of gathering your documents for the Nursing Council, or looking into specific visa options?

Ask Gemini

Gemini is AI and can make mistakes.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Google AI Mode · New Zealand country setting

reasons not to move a family to New Zealand as an overseas nurse without registration or a job

Moving an entire family to New Zealand as an overseas-qualified nurse without a secured job or completed local registration is an immense financial and emotional risk. While New Zealand frequently experiences healthcare worker shortages, the administrative hurdles beforehand mean you cannot simply arrive and start working.

The primary reasons to reconsider or delay this move include:

  • High Cost and Financial Drain : The Nursing Council of New Zealand (NCNZ) registration process alone requires significant upfront fees (document verification through TruMerit, application fees, and potential competence assessment or OSCE exams that can range from NZD $1,300 to upwards of NZD $5,000+ per person). Supporting a family out of savings while unemployed in New Zealand—which has a very high cost of living—can deplete your funds rapidly.

  • Lengthy and Uncertain Registration Timeline : You cannot legally practice as a nurse in New Zealand without a local annual practising certificate. The credential verification and assessment process takes anywhere from several months to over a year. Without a job lined up prior to arrival, you may sit in limbo unable to generate local income while your family's living expenses accumulate. [healthregpath.com]

  • Intense Rental Market and Housing Costs : Securing a long-term rental property in New Zealand without a local employment contract or income history is exceedingly difficult. Landlords and property managers typically require proof of stable local income, references, and a substantial bond. Moving a family into temporary accommodation indefinitely is astronomically expensive.

  • No Automatic Visa Work Rights for Dependants : If you arrive without an employer-sponsored work visa (such as an Accredited Employer Work Visa tied to a specific job offer), getting the right visas for your partner and children can be complicated. A partner may not automatically receive open work rights, restricting your household to a single or zero-income stream initially.

  • Lack of Access to Public Support : As newcomers without residency or a secure long-term work visa, your family may have restricted access to certain government-funded social supports or healthcare subsidies, meaning private costs or full fees could apply in emergencies.

  • High Cost of Living Adjustments : Everyday expenses—including groceries, utilities, fuel, and transport—are high relative to many overseas countries. Landing without a localized salary package mapped to these costs puts severe baseline pressure on family well-being.

  • Disruption to Children : Uprooting school-aged children into a new environment without a settled home base or immediate parental income stability can create profound psychological and social stress for the entire family unit.

If you'd like to explore a safer timeline, tell me:

  • Where you are currently registered (e.g., UK, Philippines, India, etc.)
  • Whether you have started the NCNZ/TruMerit verification process yet

I can help outline a step-by-step roadmap to get registered before you book any flights for your family.

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026

AI Overviews · New Zealand country setting

reasons not to move a family to New Zealand as an overseas nurse without registration or a job

AI Overview

Moving a family to New Zealand as an internationally qualified nurse without professional registration or a job offer is highly discouraged. While New Zealand offers paths to residency for registered nurses, attempting a family relocation before securing these prerequisites exposes you to massive financial, legal, and emotional risks.

The primary reasons you should not move your family under these circumstances include:

1. Inability to Legalize Your Status (No Work Visa)

  • Strict Visa Requirements: You cannot get a New Zealand work visa—such as the Accredited Employer Work Visa (AEWV)—without a formal job offer from an accredited employer.
  • Legally Barred from Working: If you arrive on a standard Visitor Visa, you are legally prohibited from working in local employment. You cannot bypass this step, meaning you will have zero local income to support your family.

2. High Risk of Registration Complications & Delays

  • Mandatory Competency Testing: The Nursing Council of New Zealand (NCNZ) requires most overseas applicants to pass rigorous competency assessments. This often involves a theoretical exam and an in-person, 3-hour Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) held strictly in Christchurch.
  • No Guarantee of Success: If you fail the OSCE or your documentation (identity, English proficiency, or the required 1,800 post-registration hours) is deemed insufficient by the council, you will not be allowed to practice. If your family is already with you, you could be stuck in the country with zero career prospects.

3. Immediate Financial Strain without Family Support

  • Exorbitant Initial Costs: The document verification process (via TruMerit), NCNZ application fees, theoretical exams, and the in-person OSCE add up to thousands of dollars before you ever earn a paycheck.
  • Extreme Cost of Living: New Zealand has a high cost of living, particularly regarding housing, groceries, and utilities. Supporting a family entirely on foreign savings while waiting months for a registration outcome and a job offer can rapidly deplete your life savings.
  • Lack of Government Safety Nets: As temporary visitors, your family will not be entitled to publicly funded healthcare, childcare subsidies, or social welfare. A single emergency medical event could result in devastating out-of-pocket costs.

4. Severe Strain on Spouses and Children

  • No Working Rights for Partners: Because you do not hold an accredited work visa, your partner will not be granted an open work visa to support the household.
  • International Student Fees for Children: If your children are school-aged, they cannot enroll in New Zealand public schools as domestic students. Without a valid work visa or residency on your part, you may be required to pay steep international student tuition fees for them to attend school.
  • Uncertain Travel and Relocation Logistics: Packing up your family’s life, pulling children out of school, and paying for international flights without a guaranteed long-term visa creates immense emotional and psychological stress for the entire household.

The Recommended Path

If you want to move to New Zealand, the safest and most logical sequence is to stay in your home country while you complete your document verification and initial NCNZ registration steps.

If you are required to take the practical OSCE exam in New Zealand, you should travel alone on a short-term Occupational Registration Visitor Visa. Once you pass, obtain registration, and secure an official job offer, you can apply for a Tier 1 Green List Straight to Residence Visa—which will allow you to bring your family over safely with full work, healthcare, and schooling rights from day one.


To help map out a safer plan, let me know:

  • What country are you currently registered and practicing in?
  • Have you already completed your 1,800 hours of post-registration experience?
  • What is the age range of your dependent children?
Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026