Evidence · Immigration

Immigration: questions, answers and evidence

Read all 797 original answers and the tables behind the findings. The 27 missing answers are from the China comparison on three platforms.

questions
143
captured answers
797
missing responses
27
answers collected
15–20 October 2026

01

Every question, with its answers

Each question was written as a voter would ask it and went to all four assistants. Some were also asked from a town. Open a question to read every answer to it in full.

Showing 20 of 143 questions

02

The tables behind the study

Every figure on the study page comes from these tables. They are CSV files, which open in any spreadsheet.

  • Complete AI answers

    answers.csv

    One complete original answer, with the question, platform, country setting and migrant profile.

    question_id, surface_code, location_ref, result_id, prompt_id, platform, scan_id, collection_panel, question_text, response_text

  • The questions we asked

    question-catalogue.csv

    One question with the migrant profile, wording and purpose.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Planned questions, platforms and countries

    execution-assignments.csv

    One question, platform and country we planned to collect an answer from.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • The 27 missing answers

    missing-cells.csv

    One expected answer that was not collected.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • Locations named for each migrant profile

    location-by-persona.csv

    How often a place was named in the twelve New Zealand answers for each migrant profile.

    persona, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles, wording_count, surface_count

  • Locations named across question wordings

    location-by-wording.csv

    One profile, platform and place, showing which versions of the question led to an answer naming the place.

    persona, surface, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles

  • Locations named by collection country

    location-by-region.csv

    One place and country setting; the China comparison has nine answers on Google AI Mode only.

    region, place, answers, denominator, surfaces

  • Eight countries on Google AI Mode

    location-ai-mode-eight-regions.csv

    One place and country across the same nine questions on Google AI Mode.

    region, place, answers, denominator

  • Matched local and overseas answers

    matched-region-answer-pairs.csv

    A New Zealand answer alongside the same question and platform using another country setting.

    region, surface, persona, question_id, result_id, nz_result_id, same_place_set, jaccard, added_names, omitted_names

  • Topics explicitly raised in the answers

    signals-by-output-platform.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by topic and platform.

    output, surface, signal, answers, denominator

  • Topics raised for each migrant profile

    signals-by-persona-output.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by migrant profile and topic.

    output, persona, signal, answers, denominator

  • Website addresses in captured answers

    captured-answer-links.csv

    Web addresses saved in the original answers, with image and file links identified.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, url, domain, host_class, image_or_asset

  • Extra table: links excluding images and files

    captured-links-by-platform.csv

    One platform across the same 143 New Zealand questions. The table excludes image and file links; the main Sources section counts those links.

    surface, denominator, answers_with_links, answers_with_govt_links

  • Captured answer lengths

    platform-answer-length.csv

    One platform across the same 143 local questions.

    surface, answers, median_words, mean_words

  • Recorded websites by answer

    sources-by-answer.csv

    Each website recorded as a source for an answer, with the page addresses and number of statements linked to the website.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, publisher, claim_count, source_urls

  • Recorded sources and their original claims

    source-claim-ledger.csv

    Sources attached to individual statements, with the original answer, quotation and source passage.

    narrative_id, claim_id, question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, url, source_passage, claim_quote, quote_exact

  • Answers with sources and answers with links

    source-answer-coverage.csv

    Each New Zealand answer, showing whether sources were recorded and whether the answer text contains a web link.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, associated_websites, had_sources, literal_url_answer

  • Website publisher classifications

    source-publisher-classification.csv

    Each website, the type of organisation behind the website and the reason for the category. Unconfirmed types remain Other.

    domain, publisher, basis, source

  • Tone toward each place

    place-sentiment-ledger.csv

    One named place in one answer, with the positive, neutral, negative or mixed label, supporting passages and reason. All 108 New Zealand answers about where to live were reviewed.

    result_id, question_id, prompt_id, persona, assistant, region, place, stance, paragraph_numbers, supporting_passages, display_passage, reason, answer_sha256, reviewed_on

  • Facts supplied in each question

    prompt-reporting-eligibility.csv

    Every question, with corrected descriptions of the facts stated and limits on interpreting its answers.

    question_id, reviewed_on, prompt_sha256, original_stated_facts, corrected_stated_facts, metadata_changed, destination_explicit, descriptive_counts_included, interpretation_rule

  • Sources across question styles

    source-wording-incidence.csv

    One website, profile, topic and platform, with answer totals, question styles and the original answer references.

    persona, output, surface, domain, answers_with_source, eligible_answers, wording_styles_with_source, eligible_wording_styles, observed_styles, eligible_styles, answer_ids, by_style

  • Questions with corrected fact descriptions

    question-catalogue-reviewed.csv

    The unchanged original question text with fact descriptions reviewed on 28 October 2026.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Statements checked against official sources

    statement-checks.csv

    One checked statement, with its exact passage, verdict, official source, review date and original answer reference.

    check_id, measure_id, question_checked, result_id, prompt_id, question_id, persona, assistant, wording, exact_statement, verdict, what_the_source_says, source_name, source_url, checked_on, answer_sha256

  • Policy questions covered by the checks

    statement-measures.csv

    One policy question, showing checked statements, original answers and the question wordings represented.

    measure_id, question_checked, checked_statements, distinct_answers, wording_styles_with_checked_assertions, wording_styles, answer_ids, question_ids, scope

Use the question and answer numbers to follow the evidence between tables. Locations named in warnings and comparisons count. Sources attached to an answer and web links in the answer text are counted separately.

03

The reviewed evidence

We read all 108 New Zealand answers about where to live to assess the tone toward each named place. A separate selection of 41 answers explores practical advice and contrasts across topics. The original policy checks were made on 22 October and expanded on 28 October 2026; verdicts cover selected statements, not every answer.

ChatGPT · New Zealand country setting

My partner is a New Zealand citizen, and we'd be moving back with our preschool child after living overseas. I'd need to find work. What should I sort out before I decide whether to move?

Moving back to New Zealand as a family could be a great option, but I’d treat it as a practical and financial decision to test before committing — especially because you’d need to find work and you have a preschooler to consider.

Your partner’s New Zealand citizenship is a useful starting point for the move, but the key questions are whether your own immigration status is sorted, how quickly you could earn an income, what childcare would cost, and whether your family could manage comfortably during the transition.

I’d work through these seven areas before deciding whether to move.

1. Confirm your right to live and work in New Zealand

Start here, particularly if you aren’t a New Zealand citizen yourself.

  • Check which visa or residence pathway applies to you as the partner of a New Zealand citizen.
  • Find out whether you can work immediately on arrival or need a visa granted first.
  • Check your child’s citizenship or visa status rather than assuming it follows automatically from your partner.
  • Confirm what documents you’ll need, including passports, your partnership evidence, marriage certificate if applicable, and your child’s birth certificate.

Official starting point: Immigration New Zealand — Partner of a New Zealander.

Why this matters: Your job search, relocation date and financial runway all depend on when you can legally start work.

2. Test your employment prospects before relocating

I wouldn’t rely on the assumption that you’ll find work quickly, even if your skills are in demand.

  • Look at job listings for your profession across New Zealand.
  • Check advertised salary ranges, required qualifications, local experience and whether employers will consider overseas applicants.
  • Contact recruiters and apply for a few suitable roles while still overseas.
  • Update your CV to a New Zealand format and prepare local referees if possible.
  • Check whether your qualifications need recognition or registration in New Zealand, especially in regulated professions.
  • Consider whether you could work remotely for your current employer or transfer internally.

Use Seek New Zealand, Trade Me Jobs and Careers New Zealand to investigate opportunities.

A useful exercise is to estimate your likely take-home pay rather than basing the decision on the highest salary you see advertised.

3. Build a realistic family budget

This is probably the biggest factor in deciding whether the move is financially viable.

Work out two budgets: one for your first six months, when you might not be working, and another for when you’re earning a typical salary in your field.

Expense What to investigate
Housing Rent, bond, advance rent, utilities and moving costs
Food and household Groceries, toiletries and everyday essentials
Transport Public transport, car purchase, insurance, fuel and registration
Childcare Fees, hours, deposits and any extra charges
Healthcare GP visits, prescriptions, dental care and insurance if needed
Relocation Flights, excess baggage, shipping, temporary accommodation
Financial commitments Overseas mortgage, loans, insurance, pensions and tax obligations
Emergency fund Unexpected costs or a longer-than-expected job search

Use Tenancy Services to understand rental costs and tenancy requirements, and research actual rentals in the areas you might consider.

Stress-test the numbers

Calculate whether your family could manage if:

  • You took six months to find a job.
  • You found work at a lower salary than expected.
  • Your partner was the only earner for a while.
  • You needed to pay for childcare before receiving your first salary.
  • You had to return overseas unexpectedly.

I would aim to have enough accessible savings to cover your estimated setup costs plus several months of essential living expenses. The appropriate buffer depends on your job prospects, your partner’s income and whether you have family support in New Zealand.

4. Check preschool and childcare arrangements

Childcare can determine both how much you spend and how soon you can return to work.

  • Check your child's age and eligibility. In New Zealand, children aged 3–5 can access up to 20 hours of funded early childhood education (ECE) each week at participating services. Additional hours may cost extra. Help paying for early childhood education20 hours funding for early childhood education
  • Look into availability before choosing where to live. Contact early learning centres, ask about waiting lists, and check whether their opening hours fit a typical working day.
  • Budget for the gap. Twenty funded hours may not cover full-time childcare, commuting and the occasional late meeting.
  • Check extra support. Work and Income offers childcare assistance for some eligible families; eligibility and the amount of help depend on your circumstances.
  • Consider your support network. If relatives can help with sick days, pickups or school holidays, that could make a meaningful difference.

Useful starting points: Find early childhood education services and help paying for early childhood education.

One detail worth planning for: if your child is approaching school age, find out when they can start school and how that changes your childcare requirements.

5. Understand healthcare and family support

Don't base your budget on the assumption that every service will be free or that every government payment will be available immediately.

  • Public healthcare: New Zealand citizens are eligible for publicly funded health services. Check your own eligibility and your child's status, and understand what documentation providers may require. Eligibility for publicly funded health servicesEligibility for publicly funded health and disability services
  • GP registration: Investigate local practices accepting new patients, enrolment requirements and fees.
  • Prescriptions and dental care: Allow for costs that may not be fully covered, particularly adult dental treatment.
  • Family payments: You may qualify for Working for Families, depending on your family circumstances, income and residency requirements. Don't automatically include it in your budget until you've checked. Can you get Working for Families?Working for Families overview
  • Insurance: Review health, life, income protection and travel insurance, including what happens to any overseas policies when you relocate.

If you have ongoing medical needs, check prescription availability, specialist waiting times and the process for transferring medical records before you leave your current country.

6. Sort out tax, banking and overseas financial ties

Returning after living overseas can have financial implications beyond your New Zealand salary.

  • IRD numbers: Check whether you and your child already have IRD numbers and how to obtain one if needed. You'll generally need one to manage New Zealand tax matters.
  • Tax residency: New Zealand tax residency isn't determined solely by citizenship or how long you've been away. Check when you might become a New Zealand tax resident and how overseas income will be treated.
  • Temporary tax exemption: Some people returning to New Zealand after an extended period overseas may qualify for a temporary exemption on certain foreign-sourced income. If you qualify, claiming Working for Families can affect that exemption, so check the implications before applying. Can you get Working for Families?Register for Working for Families
  • Pensions and investments: Check what returning means for overseas retirement accounts, investments, rental properties and any double-taxation arrangements.
  • Banking and credit: Make sure you can access funds, transfer money cost-effectively and meet rental application requirements without a recent New Zealand credit history.
  • Driving and qualifications: Check the rules for converting an overseas driver's licence and having professional qualifications recognised.

Official starting point: Inland Revenue — IRD numbers.

If you have substantial overseas assets, investments or a business, a tax adviser familiar with New Zealand and your current country of residence could be worth consulting before you move.

7. Consider the quality of life, not just the finances

A move can make sense financially but still be difficult emotionally or practically.

Discuss these questions together:

  • Will you be closer to family, friends and people who can help with childcare?
  • What would you gain or lose in terms of career opportunities?
  • Would your partner be happy living in New Zealand again?
  • How would your child adjust to a new early learning centre, environment and social network?
  • Would you have a realistic path to home ownership if that is important to you?
  • How would the move affect your lifestyle, holidays, access to services and long-term financial goals?
  • If the move didn't work out, could you return overseas without major financial or career damage?

It can help to compare the life you would realistically have in New Zealand with your actual current life overseas, rather than comparing an idealised version of either country.

A practical plan before making the decision

Your pre-move checklist

0 of 7

ImmigrationConfirm your visa pathway, work rights and your child's status.

EmploymentResearch salaries, contact recruiters and test the job market.

FinancesPrepare a six-month budget and calculate your required savings buffer.

ChildcareContact centres, check availability and estimate fees.

Healthcare and taxCheck eligibility, IRD arrangements and overseas tax implications.

Housing and supportResearch rentals and identify family or practical support.

Contingency planAgree on a financial limit and a point at which you would reconsider the move.

Copy checklist

Let's make this specific to your family

The biggest unknown is your employment situation, because that will shape the budget, childcare arrangements and how much savings you need.

If you tell me a little more, I can help you assess the move with realistic New Zealand figures.

Ask anything

ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Gemini · New Zealand country setting

My partner is a New Zealand citizen, and we'd be moving back with our preschool child after living overseas. I'd need to find work. What should I sort out before I decide whether to move?

Planning a move back to New Zealand with a New Zealand citizen partner and a preschooler is an exciting transition, but it requires careful pre-planning—especially regarding your visa, employment market research, and childcare.

To help you decide whether and when to make the leap, here is a structured breakdown of what you should sort out and investigate beforehand.


1. Visa and Work Rights (Your Immediate Green Light)

Because your partner is a New Zealand citizen, you have a clear immigration pathway, but you must look closely at how and when you apply:

  • The Partner of a New Zealander Work Visa: As the partner of an NZ citizen, you can apply for a Partner of a New Zealander Work Visa.
  • Open Work Rights: This visa grants you full open work rights, meaning you do not need a job offer to apply, and once granted, you can work for any employer, in any industry, or even be self-employed.
  • Timeline and Residence Pathway: There is no minimum required period of living together to get this temporary work visa, though you must prove your relationship is genuine and stable. Once you arrive and live together in New Zealand for 12 months, you become eligible to apply for a Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa.
  • Action Item: Check Immigration New Zealand (INZ) guidelines on relationship evidence (such as joint accounts, leases, or shared travel history) and begin compiling these documents early. Note that both partners must be at least 18 years old.

2. Job Market Research in Your Field

Since you will need to find work, it is vital to test the New Zealand job market before booking plane tickets. New Zealand's job market varies significantly by industry (with distinct hubs in Auckland, Wellington, and Christchurch, though remote or regional work is increasingly common).

  • Targeted Job Hunting: Identify local job boards (such as Seek NZ or TradeMe Jobs) to see how active hiring is in your specific profession.
  • Professional Networks: Connect with recruiters or industry groups in New Zealand via LinkedIn. Many employers are open to offshore applicants who have a guaranteed legal right to work via a partner visa, but understanding salary expectations and local demand beforehand will protect your household finances.
  • Cost of Living vs. Salaries: Research New Zealand salary bands for your role. New Zealand salaries and tax rates (PAYE) can differ substantially from what you may be used to overseas, while consumer prices, housing, and utilities can be high relative to local wages.

3. Preschool Childcare and Costs

Sorting out childcare logistics is critical if you intend to work soon after landing.

  • Early Childhood Education (ECE): In New Zealand, structured education and care for under-fives happens through ECE centres, kindergartens, and home-based care.
  • The "20 Hours ECE" Subsidy: Once your child turns 3 years old, they become eligible for the government's 20 Hours ECE scheme, which covers up to 6 hours per day (up to 20 hours a week) of funded early childhood education at participating providers.
  • Costs for Under-3s / Extra Hours: If your child is still under 3, or if you need care exceeding the 20 subsidized hours, fees can be a notable household expense (often charged at daily or weekly rates depending on the facility). Look into the Working for Families tax credits or childcare subsidies administered by Work and Income (MSD) to see if you qualify based on your family income once working.

4. Financial Runway and Relocation Costs

Moving internationally with a child requires a robust financial buffer.

  • Cash Flow Buffer: Aim to have enough savings to cover the initial landing phase—flights, temporary accommodation for the first few weeks, bond and advance rent for a permanent home, and shipping or replacing household goods.
  • The "First Job" Gap: Factor in that finding a professional job can take anywhere from a few weeks to several months. Having a clear timeline of how many months of living expenses you have saved will dictate how flexible or urgent your job hunt needs to be upon arrival.

Suggested Next Step

To help narrow down your preparation, what industry or field do you work in, and is your preschooler currently under 3 or over 3 years old?

Ask Gemini

Gemini is AI and can make mistakes.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Google AI Mode · New Zealand country setting

My partner is a New Zealand citizen, and we'd be moving back with our preschool child after living overseas. I'd need to find work. What should I sort out before I decide whether to move?

You need to sort out your legal visa status (Partner of a New Zealander Work or Resident Visa), your child's citizenship or visa eligibility, and your own job market readiness before committing to the move.

Moving back home with a family involves navigating New Zealand's immigration, early childhood education (ECE) subsidies, and employment landscape. Review these key areas before making your final decision:

1. Immigration and Legal Status

  • Partner Visa: Because your partner is a New Zealand citizen, you can apply for a Partner of a New Zealander Work Visa or a Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa. The work visa allows you to move and work openly. You will need to prove a stable, genuine relationship by showing you have lived together. [Immigration New Zealand]

  • Child’s Citizenship: Check if your preschooler is already a New Zealand citizen (if born overseas to an NZ citizen parent, they may need to be registered by descent). If not, they will need an appropriate dependent visa to access domestic benefits. [Immigration New Zealand]

2. Work and Career Readiness

  • Local Job Market: Research current hiring trends in your specific industry within New Zealand, as the market can be smaller and more relationship-driven than overseas hubs.

  • Credentials and Registration: Check if your profession requires local registration, certification, or licensing in New Zealand (such as in teaching, law, engineering, or health fields) and start that paperwork early.

3. Preschool and Childcare Setup

  • ECE Subsidies: New Zealand offers the 20 Hours ECE subsidy for children aged 3 to 5 years old at participating licensed early childhood education providers. Research how these subsidies work and look into local kindergarten or daycare availability.

  • Cost of Care: Under-3 care or hours outside the 20-hour subsidy can be a significant household expense, so factor local childcare fees into your budgeting before balancing them against your expected local salary.

4. Financial and Logistical Planning

  • Healthcare Eligibility: Once you hold an eligible work or resident visa tied to your partner, verify your immediate access to publicly funded healthcare services and Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) coverage.

  • Cost of Living & Housing: New Zealand has a distinct cost-of-living profile with high housing and setup costs relative to local wages. Ensure you have a financial buffer for shipping, temporary accommodation, and vehicle purchases upon arrival.

If you'd like, let me know:

  • Your industry or profession so I can share market insights
  • Whether your child is under or over 3 years old
  • Whether your partner is currently living with you overseas or already in New Zealand

I can help tailor the timeline and checklist for your move.

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026

AI Overviews · New Zealand country setting

My partner is a New Zealand citizen, and we'd be moving back with our preschool child after living overseas. I'd need to find work. What should I sort out before I decide whether to move?

AI Overview

Moving back to New Zealand with a Kiwi partner and a preschooler is an exciting step, but sorting out a few critical pillars before you commit will prevent unexpected roadblocks, financial strain, or hiring bias.

You should map out four major pillars before making your final decision:

1. Your Right to Work & Visa Strategy

Do not start applying for jobs until you know your visa pathway. Employers are often hesitant to interview offshore candidates without legal work rights.

  • The Partnership Visa Route: You will likely look at a Partner of a New Zealander Visa through Immigration New Zealand. Depending on your timeline and budget, you may apply for a Partner Work Visa (which grants open work conditions) or head straight for a Resident Visa.
  • The 5-Year Fast Track: If you and your partner have lived together outside of New Zealand for 5 years or more , you may be eligible for an immediate Permanent Resident Visa outright, provided your partner applies from offshore or has been back for less than 3 months.
  • The Child’s Status: Even if your child was born overseas, they may already be a New Zealand citizen by descent. Check this and apply for their Kiwi passport early to avoid visa costs for them.

2. Job Market Realities & Qualification Checks

The New Zealand job market is relatively small, highly network-driven, and often prioritizes "local experience".

  • Qualification Recognition: Do not assume your overseas degree or trade certificate transfers smoothly. Check if you need an International Qualifications Assessment (IQA) through the New Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA). If you are in a regulated field (e.g., healthcare, teaching, engineering, trades), you must register with the local professional board before you can legally work.
  • CV Tailoring: Kiwi CVs lean toward a casual but professional style, heavily focusing on practical achievements and "cultural fit" (the concept of whakawhanaungatanga or building relationships).

3. Preschool & Early Childhood Education (ECE) Math

Childcare costs can heavily impact your household budget and influence how soon you need to find employment.

  • The "20 Hours ECE" Scheme: In New Zealand, all 3 and 4-year-olds are eligible for up to 20 hours a week of subsidized early childhood education.
  • The Financial Catch: While subsidized, many centers still charge "optional" top-up fees, consumable charges, or require you to sign up for full-day blocks. Furthermore, these subsidies are only available to domestic students, meaning your child must hold a NZ passport, permanent residency, or be attached to certain valid visas to qualify. Calculate these childcare gap costs into your initial survival budget.

4. Financial & Relocation Logistics

New Zealand has a high cost of living relative to local wages, driven by its geographic isolation and housing market.

  • Proof of Partnership: Start gathering physical evidence of your relationship now. Immigration New Zealand expects joint rental agreements, shared bank accounts, utility bills in both names, and a timeline of your life together. Gathering this while offshore is significantly easier than chasing old foreign landlords later.
  • Emergency Runway Fund: Because securing a job from overseas can take months, plan a financial buffer. Many relocating families recommend having at least 3 to 6 months of living expenses saved up to cover upfront rental bonds, a vehicle purchase (essential in most of NZ due to limited public transit), and daily life while job hunting.

To help map out a timeline or budget, it would be helpful to know:

  • What industry or profession do you work in?
  • How long have you and your partner cohabited overseas?
  • What is your rough target timeline for making the move?
Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026