Evidence · Immigration

Immigration: questions, answers and evidence

Read all 797 original answers and the tables behind the findings. The 27 missing answers are from the China comparison on three platforms.

questions
143
captured answers
797
missing responses
27
answers collected
15–20 October 2026

01

Every question, with its answers

Each question was written as a voter would ask it and went to all four assistants. Some were also asked from a town. Open a question to read every answer to it in full.

Showing 20 of 143 questions

02

The tables behind the study

Every figure on the study page comes from these tables. They are CSV files, which open in any spreadsheet.

  • Complete AI answers

    answers.csv

    One complete original answer, with the question, platform, country setting and migrant profile.

    question_id, surface_code, location_ref, result_id, prompt_id, platform, scan_id, collection_panel, question_text, response_text

  • The questions we asked

    question-catalogue.csv

    One question with the migrant profile, wording and purpose.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Planned questions, platforms and countries

    execution-assignments.csv

    One question, platform and country we planned to collect an answer from.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • The 27 missing answers

    missing-cells.csv

    One expected answer that was not collected.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • Locations named for each migrant profile

    location-by-persona.csv

    How often a place was named in the twelve New Zealand answers for each migrant profile.

    persona, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles, wording_count, surface_count

  • Locations named across question wordings

    location-by-wording.csv

    One profile, platform and place, showing which versions of the question led to an answer naming the place.

    persona, surface, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles

  • Locations named by collection country

    location-by-region.csv

    One place and country setting; the China comparison has nine answers on Google AI Mode only.

    region, place, answers, denominator, surfaces

  • Eight countries on Google AI Mode

    location-ai-mode-eight-regions.csv

    One place and country across the same nine questions on Google AI Mode.

    region, place, answers, denominator

  • Matched local and overseas answers

    matched-region-answer-pairs.csv

    A New Zealand answer alongside the same question and platform using another country setting.

    region, surface, persona, question_id, result_id, nz_result_id, same_place_set, jaccard, added_names, omitted_names

  • Topics explicitly raised in the answers

    signals-by-output-platform.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by topic and platform.

    output, surface, signal, answers, denominator

  • Topics raised for each migrant profile

    signals-by-persona-output.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by migrant profile and topic.

    output, persona, signal, answers, denominator

  • Website addresses in captured answers

    captured-answer-links.csv

    Web addresses saved in the original answers, with image and file links identified.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, url, domain, host_class, image_or_asset

  • Extra table: links excluding images and files

    captured-links-by-platform.csv

    One platform across the same 143 New Zealand questions. The table excludes image and file links; the main Sources section counts those links.

    surface, denominator, answers_with_links, answers_with_govt_links

  • Captured answer lengths

    platform-answer-length.csv

    One platform across the same 143 local questions.

    surface, answers, median_words, mean_words

  • Recorded websites by answer

    sources-by-answer.csv

    Each website recorded as a source for an answer, with the page addresses and number of statements linked to the website.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, publisher, claim_count, source_urls

  • Recorded sources and their original claims

    source-claim-ledger.csv

    Sources attached to individual statements, with the original answer, quotation and source passage.

    narrative_id, claim_id, question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, url, source_passage, claim_quote, quote_exact

  • Answers with sources and answers with links

    source-answer-coverage.csv

    Each New Zealand answer, showing whether sources were recorded and whether the answer text contains a web link.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, associated_websites, had_sources, literal_url_answer

  • Website publisher classifications

    source-publisher-classification.csv

    Each website, the type of organisation behind the website and the reason for the category. Unconfirmed types remain Other.

    domain, publisher, basis, source

  • Tone toward each place

    place-sentiment-ledger.csv

    One named place in one answer, with the positive, neutral, negative or mixed label, supporting passages and reason. All 108 New Zealand answers about where to live were reviewed.

    result_id, question_id, prompt_id, persona, assistant, region, place, stance, paragraph_numbers, supporting_passages, display_passage, reason, answer_sha256, reviewed_on

  • Facts supplied in each question

    prompt-reporting-eligibility.csv

    Every question, with corrected descriptions of the facts stated and limits on interpreting its answers.

    question_id, reviewed_on, prompt_sha256, original_stated_facts, corrected_stated_facts, metadata_changed, destination_explicit, descriptive_counts_included, interpretation_rule

  • Sources across question styles

    source-wording-incidence.csv

    One website, profile, topic and platform, with answer totals, question styles and the original answer references.

    persona, output, surface, domain, answers_with_source, eligible_answers, wording_styles_with_source, eligible_wording_styles, observed_styles, eligible_styles, answer_ids, by_style

  • Questions with corrected fact descriptions

    question-catalogue-reviewed.csv

    The unchanged original question text with fact descriptions reviewed on 28 October 2026.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Statements checked against official sources

    statement-checks.csv

    One checked statement, with its exact passage, verdict, official source, review date and original answer reference.

    check_id, measure_id, question_checked, result_id, prompt_id, question_id, persona, assistant, wording, exact_statement, verdict, what_the_source_says, source_name, source_url, checked_on, answer_sha256

  • Policy questions covered by the checks

    statement-measures.csv

    One policy question, showing checked statements, original answers and the question wordings represented.

    measure_id, question_checked, checked_statements, distinct_answers, wording_styles_with_checked_assertions, wording_styles, answer_ids, question_ids, scope

Use the question and answer numbers to follow the evidence between tables. Locations named in warnings and comparisons count. Sources attached to an answer and web links in the answer text are counted separately.

03

The reviewed evidence

We read all 108 New Zealand answers about where to live to assess the tone toward each named place. A separate selection of 41 answers explores practical advice and contrasts across topics. The original policy checks were made on 22 October and expanded on 28 October 2026; verdicts cover selected statements, not every answer.

ChatGPT · New Zealand country setting

I already have an undergraduate degree and I'm thinking about postgraduate study in New Zealand. My budget is tight, and I want the course to lead somewhere useful for my career. Would moving to New Zealand make sense for me? What would be the main upsides and downsides?

Is postgraduate study in New Zealand worth it?

My view: it can be a good investment, but with a tight budget, I would only recommend moving to New Zealand if the qualification has a clear career payoff and you have a realistic plan for funding it.

Since you already have an undergraduate degree, the main question isn't whether another qualification would be useful in general. It's whether a postgraduate diploma, master's degree, or other specialist qualification in New Zealand would give you a meaningful advantage over gaining work experience or studying in your current country.

New Zealand can offer a good combination of recognised qualifications, practical learning, and access to an English-speaking job market. But international tuition fees, living costs, and the uncertainty of finding skilled work after graduation can make it an expensive gamble.

The main upsides and downsides

1. A recognised postgraduate qualification

Upside

New Zealand qualifications can help you specialise, change fields, or qualify for roles that require advanced training. A focused master's degree may be especially useful if your undergraduate degree is broad or you want to enter a more technical profession.

The value depends on your subject, the institution, and whether employers actually ask for the qualification.

2. A possible pathway into skilled employment

Upside

Studying locally can help you build professional connections, gain relevant experience, and understand how New Zealand employers recruit. Some eligible qualifications can also support a post-study work visa.

However, a qualification does not guarantee a job, a work visa, or residence. Your occupation, experience, visa eligibility, and employer demand all matter.

3. High upfront costs

Downside

International tuition fees can be substantial, and you need to budget for accommodation, food, transport, insurance, visa costs, and initial relocation expenses.

Part-time work may help cover some living expenses, but relying on it to pay your tuition is risky. You might not find enough hours, and work conditions depend on your visa.

4. A relatively small job market

Downside

New Zealand has opportunities in several skilled occupations, but its overall job market is smaller than those of countries such as Australia, the UK, or Canada.

A postgraduate degree in a niche field may have limited local openings. The best strategy is to identify actual job vacancies and required skills before choosing your course.

5. Quality of life and a new professional network

Upside

New Zealand can offer a welcoming environment, access to nature, an English-speaking workplace, and a different lifestyle. University projects, internships where available, and industry contacts can also expand your professional network.

The trade-off is that housing and everyday expenses can consume a large share of your budget, while being far from family or an existing support network can be difficult.

What would it actually cost?

If you would be paying international student fees, the financial commitment is the biggest concern.

According to the New Zealand government's Study with New Zealand guidance, indicative costs are: Tuition fees and cost of livingFee Paying Student Visa » Immigration New Zealand

Indicative annual budget in NZD

Postgraduate tuition

$20,000–$45,000

Living expenses

$18,000–$27,000

Illustrative total for one year

$38,000–$72,000

Before flights, visa fees, insurance and other relocation costs. Actual fees and living expenses vary by course and location; these are planning estimates, not a quote.

For a one-year course, that could mean tens of thousands of dollars invested before you know whether you will secure a suitable job. A longer master's programme could cost considerably more.

There are ways to reduce the cost:

  • Look for scholarships. Check university scholarships, research funding, and awards for international students.
  • Consider research-based study. If you have strong academic results and enjoy research, investigate funded master's research or PhD opportunities. International PhD students generally pay domestic-level tuition fees at eligible New Zealand institutions, although living costs remain substantial. Tuition fees and cost of living
  • Compare shorter programmes carefully. A shorter qualification can reduce living costs, but it isn't necessarily better value if it offers weaker employment outcomes or doesn't qualify for the work visa you want.
  • Check whether you qualify for domestic fees. If you have a status that entitles you to domestic tuition rates, the financial calculation may be very different.

Can you work after graduating?

This is an important part of deciding whether the investment makes sense.

Under the currently published rules, an eligible graduate of a degree-level 7 or higher qualification may qualify for a Post Study Work Visa, provided they meet the relevant study and other requirements. Eligible master's graduates who study full-time in New Zealand for at least 30 weeks may receive a visa for up to three years. Post-Study Work Visa » Immigration New Zealand

There is also an important upcoming change: Immigration New Zealand has announced that, from 16 November 2026, eligible graduates who hold a bachelor's degree and complete a qualifying Level 7 graduate diploma will be able to access a Post Study Work Visa of up to one year. The qualification and study conditions still apply. Post-Study Work Visa eligibility extended from 16 November 2026 :: Immigration New Zealand

Your planning should account for three separate questions:

  1. Does the course qualify you for a post-study work visa?
  2. Are there employers hiring graduates in your target occupation?
  3. Can you realistically meet the requirements for a longer-term work visa or residence, if that is your goal?

Don't enrol based on an assumption that studying automatically leads to residency. Immigration settings can change, and a work visa does not guarantee a permanent pathway.

You may also be able to work up to 25 hours a week while studying if your student visa grants those rights, but I would treat this as supplementary income rather than the foundation of your funding plan. Fee Paying Student Visa » Immigration New ZealandWorking while on a student visa

How to make the decision without wasting money

I would use these four tests before committing to a course.

  1. Check job outcomes, not just university rankings.

    Use the government's Compare Study Options tool to investigate employment rates and graduate earnings by subject and qualification level. The published data covers graduates' outcomes from the 2021–2024 tax years, so treat it as a useful guide rather than a forecast. Compare Study Options

  2. Choose a qualification that adds something to your existing degree.

    If you already have a degree in a field with good employment prospects, work experience or a targeted professional certification might be a better investment than another general qualification. If you're changing careers, look for a programme that provides the specific skills or accreditation required for entry-level roles.

  3. Apply for funding before taking on debt.

    Search the official Study with New Zealand scholarship directory and Universities New Zealand postgraduate scholarships. Eligibility differs, and not every scholarship covers living expenses. Scholarships in New Zealand: Find a scholarshipPostgraduate scholarships | Universities New Zealand

  4. Calculate your return on investment conservatively.

    Add tuition, living expenses, relocation, and any income you would give up. Then compare that total with the realistic increase in earnings you might receive. Assume it could take months to find suitable work after graduating, rather than assuming you'll immediately get a well-paid job.

My recommendation for your situation

With an undergraduate degree and a limited budget, I would rank your options like this:

Option My assessment
Funded research master's or PhD, if relevant to your goals Excellent value if you qualify and want research-related work
Short, specialised postgraduate qualification with clear employer demand Worth investigating carefully
Master's with a strong practical component and demonstrable career outcomes Potentially worthwhile if the finances add up
Expensive general master's chosen mainly to move to New Zealand High financial risk
Studying without a clear career plan and relying on part-time work I would avoid this

You don't necessarily need to abandon the idea of New Zealand. But I would make the course and its likely career outcomes the starting point, rather than choosing New Zealand first and hoping the qualification pays for itself.

Let me narrow this down to your circumstances

The two biggest factors are your current degree and the amount you can realistically afford. With those details, I can give you a much more useful recommendation.

A few details to personalise the advice

Ask anything

ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Gemini · New Zealand country setting

I already have an undergraduate degree and I'm thinking about postgraduate study in New Zealand. My budget is tight, and I want the course to lead somewhere useful for my career. Would moving to New Zealand make sense for me? What would be the main upsides and downsides?

Deciding whether to move to New Zealand for postgraduate study with a tight budget and career-focused goals requires weighing a few distinct financial and professional realities. Because international student fees and living costs can add up quickly, a careful cost-benefit analysis is essential.


Does moving to New Zealand make sense for you?

Moving to New Zealand makes sense only if you target a specific career path aligned with local skill shortages and carefully manage your finances.

If your budget is tight, studying in New Zealand as an international student can be financially risky. International postgraduate tuition typically ranges from NZD $20,000 to $45,000 per year, and annual living expenses add another NZD $15,000 to $25,000. While you can work part-time (up to 25 hours per week during semesters and full-time during breaks), part-time wages will rarely cover both heavy international tuition fees and the high cost of living.

However, if you choose a strategic qualification (such as a Master's degree) that feeds directly into high-demand sectors, it can serve as a reliable stepping stone to a Post-Study Work Visa (up to 3 years) and longer-term career mobility.


Main Upsides

  • Post-Study Work Rights: Graduating with an eligible Level 8 or 9 postgraduate qualification (like a Postgraduate Diploma or a Master's) allows you to apply for a Post-Study Work Visa. This grants you open work rights to gain local professional experience.
  • Alignment with Skill Shortages: New Zealand’s immigration and job markets heavily favor specific professional sectors (such as healthcare, engineering, information technology, and specific sciences). A targeted local qualification can make you competitive for these roles.
  • Work While Studying: You are legally permitted to work part-time while studying to help offset day-to-day living expenses.
  • Globally Respected Education: New Zealand universities consistently rank well internationally, offering practical, research-informed postgraduate programs.

Main Downsides

  • High International Student Costs: As an international postgraduate student, you do not benefit from domestic fee subsidies. Tuition is charged at full international rates, making it a major financial investment.
  • High Cost of Living: Inflation and housing pressures mean rent, utilities, and groceries can stretch a tight budget significantly, particularly in major student hubs like Auckland or Wellington.
  • Smaller Job Market: Compared to major global hubs (like the US, UK, or Australia), New Zealand has a relatively small domestic economy and job market. Specialized or niche industries can have limited openings, making post-graduation employment competitive.
  • Distance and Isolation: Moving to New Zealand means high upfront relocation costs (flights, visa fees, health insurance), and the geographic isolation makes frequent travel back home expensive and time-consuming.

Next Steps to Protect Your Budget and Career

  1. Target Skill Shortages: Look closely at Immigration New Zealand’s skill shortage lists (such as the Green List) to ensure any postgraduate program you consider maps directly to roles employers are actively hiring for.
  2. Calculate Total Out-of-Pocket Costs: Sum up tuition, mandatory health insurance, visa fees, and a realistic cost of living, then subtract what you can realistically earn working part-time.
  3. Explore Scholarships: Check university websites and government portals for international postgraduate scholarships to bridge any funding gaps.

Are you leaning toward a specific field of study or career path for your postgraduate program?

Ask Gemini

Gemini is AI and can make mistakes.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Google AI Mode · New Zealand country setting

I already have an undergraduate degree and I'm thinking about postgraduate study in New Zealand. My budget is tight, and I want the course to lead somewhere useful for my career. Would moving to New Zealand make sense for me? What would be the main upsides and downsides?

Moving to New Zealand for postgraduate study with a tight budget is a high-stakes decision. While New Zealand offers a high quality of life and globally respected tertiary institutions, balancing a strict budget against the high cost of international education and living requires careful calculation.

An evaluation of whether it makes sense, alongside the key upsides and downsides, outlines the realities of this path:

Does it make sense on a tight budget?

Generally, it is risky if you are relying purely on personal savings or part-time work to fund the entire venture. International tuition fees for postgraduate programs in New Zealand are substantial, and living costs—particularly in major student hubs like Auckland and Wellington—have risen significantly.

It only starts to make financial sense if:

  • You qualify for significant scholarships (such as New Zealand Scholarships or university-specific international excellence awards).

  • You target specific high-demand career pathways listed on Immigration New Zealand's skill shortage lists, ensuring a strong ROI and a realistic route to employment post-study.

  • You plan your finances meticulously, keeping in mind that student work rights are capped (usually 20 hours per week during study terms).


The Upsides

  • Career alignment and pathways: Completing a Level 8 or Level 9 postgraduate qualification (like a Postgraduate Diploma or Master's degree) can open doors to New Zealand's Post-Study Work Visa, allowing you to work for up to 3 years depending on the specific qualification level. Recent updates also provide flexible graduate and short-term work visa options aligned with national skill shortages.

  • Quality education in a safe environment: New Zealand universities consistently rank well globally, offering a research-intensive, independent learning environment.

  • Global network and lifestyle: You gain international exposure in a multicultural, English-speaking environment renowned for its work-life balance and outdoor lifestyle.


The Downsides

  • High financial exposure: International student fees are non-subsidized, and you must prove adequate living funds (e.g., meeting Immigration New Zealand financial requirements) just to secure your visa. Part-time jobs are competitive and not guaranteed to cover local living costs.

  • Geographic isolation and job market size: New Zealand has a small, specialized economy. Depending on your niche, finding graduate-level employment quickly can be challenging compared to larger global markets.

  • Distance from home: The cost of travel back and forth is high, and the time zone differences can make maintaining support systems overseas difficult. [Immigration New Zealand]

If you'd like to narrow this down, please tell me:

  • What specific field or subject is your undergraduate degree in (and what do you want to study)?
  • Are you looking at Master's degrees or shorter postgraduate diplomas?
  • Are you an international student or a New Zealand domestic student/citizen returning from abroad?
Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026

AI Overviews · New Zealand country setting

I already have an undergraduate degree and I'm thinking about postgraduate study in New Zealand. My budget is tight, and I want the course to lead somewhere useful for my career. Would moving to New Zealand make sense for me? What would be the main upsides and downsides?

AI Overview

Moving to New Zealand for postgraduate study can make excellent sense for your career, but its high cost of living makes it a challenging destination for anyone on a tight budget.

The country offers a very clear legal pathway from a postgraduate degree directly into the local workforce, but you must look closely at the math before deciding.


⚖️ The Core Trade-Offs

The Upsides (Career & Post-Study Value)

  • Generous Post-Study Work Rights: If you complete an eligible postgraduate degree (like a Master's degree), you are typically eligible for a 3-year Post-Study Work Visa. This gives you an extended period to recover your educational expenses and build an international career.
  • A Clear Pathway to Residency: New Zealand manages a Green List of High-Demand Occupations. If your postgraduate study aligns with fields experiencing critical shortages (such as Healthcare, IT, Engineering, Construction, or Teaching), you have a fast-tracked, highly predictable path to permanent residency.
  • Part-Time Work Flexibility: While studying a taught postgraduate degree, you can legally work up to 20 hours per week during term time and full-time during official breaks. If you choose a Research Master's degree, you may even be granted full-time work rights year-round.

The Downsides (The Budget Reality)

  • High Tuition Fees: International tuition for postgraduate certificates, diplomas, or Master's degrees generally ranges from NZ$20,000 to over NZ$45,000 per year , depending heavily on the field of study. Specialized or high-earning fields like data science or business tend to sit at the higher end of that scale.
  • Strict Upfront Financial Proof: To secure a student visa, Immigration New Zealand requires you to prove you have a minimum of NZ$20,000 per year just to cover basic living costs, sitting entirely separate from your tuition fees.
  • Cost of Living Pressures: Rent, groceries, and basic utilities are famously expensive in New Zealand relative to local entry-level wages. If your budget is tight, relying entirely on a 20-hour-per-week student job may not fully bridge the gap in higher-cost student hubs.

📊 Comparing the Options: Master's vs. Postgraduate Diplomas

If you are trying to keep costs low but still want a highly useful career outcome, you do have options. New Zealand splits postgraduate study into distinct tiers on its Qualifications Framework:

Program Type Average Duration Post-Study Work Visa General Cost & Value
Postgraduate Diploma / Certificate 8 to 12 months Usually 1 Year (must align with eligible professional registration or specific rules) Lower overall cost. Faster to complete, allowing you to enter the full-time workforce much sooner.
Master's Degree (Taught or Research) 1 to 2 years 3 Years Higher upfront cost. Offers the maximum possible post-study work entitlement and holds the highest international corporate prestige.

💡 Does it make sense for you?

Moving to New Zealand makes sense only if you treat the qualification as a long-term investment.

If you view the postgraduate degree solely as an education, the high tuition might not offer a quick return on investment. However, if your ultimate goal is to live and work in New Zealand long-term, the degree acts as your legal bridge into the country.

To help me give you more specific advice, what undergraduate major or professional background do you have? If you have a specific industry or ideal budget ceiling in mind, let me know so we can see if it lines up with local demand.

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026