Evidence · Immigration

Immigration: questions, answers and evidence

Read all 797 original answers and the tables behind the findings. The 27 missing answers are from the China comparison on three platforms.

questions
143
captured answers
797
missing responses
27
answers collected
15–20 October 2026

01

Every question, with its answers

Each question was written as a voter would ask it and went to all four assistants. Some were also asked from a town. Open a question to read every answer to it in full.

Showing 20 of 143 questions

02

The tables behind the study

Every figure on the study page comes from these tables. They are CSV files, which open in any spreadsheet.

  • Complete AI answers

    answers.csv

    One complete original answer, with the question, platform, country setting and migrant profile.

    question_id, surface_code, location_ref, result_id, prompt_id, platform, scan_id, collection_panel, question_text, response_text

  • The questions we asked

    question-catalogue.csv

    One question with the migrant profile, wording and purpose.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Planned questions, platforms and countries

    execution-assignments.csv

    One question, platform and country we planned to collect an answer from.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • The 27 missing answers

    missing-cells.csv

    One expected answer that was not collected.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • Locations named for each migrant profile

    location-by-persona.csv

    How often a place was named in the twelve New Zealand answers for each migrant profile.

    persona, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles, wording_count, surface_count

  • Locations named across question wordings

    location-by-wording.csv

    One profile, platform and place, showing which versions of the question led to an answer naming the place.

    persona, surface, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles

  • Locations named by collection country

    location-by-region.csv

    One place and country setting; the China comparison has nine answers on Google AI Mode only.

    region, place, answers, denominator, surfaces

  • Eight countries on Google AI Mode

    location-ai-mode-eight-regions.csv

    One place and country across the same nine questions on Google AI Mode.

    region, place, answers, denominator

  • Matched local and overseas answers

    matched-region-answer-pairs.csv

    A New Zealand answer alongside the same question and platform using another country setting.

    region, surface, persona, question_id, result_id, nz_result_id, same_place_set, jaccard, added_names, omitted_names

  • Topics explicitly raised in the answers

    signals-by-output-platform.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by topic and platform.

    output, surface, signal, answers, denominator

  • Topics raised for each migrant profile

    signals-by-persona-output.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by migrant profile and topic.

    output, persona, signal, answers, denominator

  • Website addresses in captured answers

    captured-answer-links.csv

    Web addresses saved in the original answers, with image and file links identified.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, url, domain, host_class, image_or_asset

  • Extra table: links excluding images and files

    captured-links-by-platform.csv

    One platform across the same 143 New Zealand questions. The table excludes image and file links; the main Sources section counts those links.

    surface, denominator, answers_with_links, answers_with_govt_links

  • Captured answer lengths

    platform-answer-length.csv

    One platform across the same 143 local questions.

    surface, answers, median_words, mean_words

  • Recorded websites by answer

    sources-by-answer.csv

    Each website recorded as a source for an answer, with the page addresses and number of statements linked to the website.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, publisher, claim_count, source_urls

  • Recorded sources and their original claims

    source-claim-ledger.csv

    Sources attached to individual statements, with the original answer, quotation and source passage.

    narrative_id, claim_id, question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, url, source_passage, claim_quote, quote_exact

  • Answers with sources and answers with links

    source-answer-coverage.csv

    Each New Zealand answer, showing whether sources were recorded and whether the answer text contains a web link.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, associated_websites, had_sources, literal_url_answer

  • Website publisher classifications

    source-publisher-classification.csv

    Each website, the type of organisation behind the website and the reason for the category. Unconfirmed types remain Other.

    domain, publisher, basis, source

  • Tone toward each place

    place-sentiment-ledger.csv

    One named place in one answer, with the positive, neutral, negative or mixed label, supporting passages and reason. All 108 New Zealand answers about where to live were reviewed.

    result_id, question_id, prompt_id, persona, assistant, region, place, stance, paragraph_numbers, supporting_passages, display_passage, reason, answer_sha256, reviewed_on

  • Facts supplied in each question

    prompt-reporting-eligibility.csv

    Every question, with corrected descriptions of the facts stated and limits on interpreting its answers.

    question_id, reviewed_on, prompt_sha256, original_stated_facts, corrected_stated_facts, metadata_changed, destination_explicit, descriptive_counts_included, interpretation_rule

  • Sources across question styles

    source-wording-incidence.csv

    One website, profile, topic and platform, with answer totals, question styles and the original answer references.

    persona, output, surface, domain, answers_with_source, eligible_answers, wording_styles_with_source, eligible_wording_styles, observed_styles, eligible_styles, answer_ids, by_style

  • Questions with corrected fact descriptions

    question-catalogue-reviewed.csv

    The unchanged original question text with fact descriptions reviewed on 28 October 2026.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Statements checked against official sources

    statement-checks.csv

    One checked statement, with its exact passage, verdict, official source, review date and original answer reference.

    check_id, measure_id, question_checked, result_id, prompt_id, question_id, persona, assistant, wording, exact_statement, verdict, what_the_source_says, source_name, source_url, checked_on, answer_sha256

  • Policy questions covered by the checks

    statement-measures.csv

    One policy question, showing checked statements, original answers and the question wordings represented.

    measure_id, question_checked, checked_statements, distinct_answers, wording_styles_with_checked_assertions, wording_styles, answer_ids, question_ids, scope

Use the question and answer numbers to follow the evidence between tables. Locations named in warnings and comparisons count. Sources attached to an answer and web links in the answer text are counted separately.

03

The reviewed evidence

We read all 108 New Zealand answers about where to live to assess the tone toward each named place. A separate selection of 41 answers explores practical advice and contrasts across topics. The original policy checks were made on 22 October and expanded on 28 October 2026; verdicts cover selected statements, not every answer.

ChatGPT · New Zealand country setting

cost for parents of high school and university in New Zealand for a 17-year-old living away from home

Cost of supporting a 17-year-old living away from home in New Zealand

In New Zealand, the cost to parents of supporting a 17-year-old who lives away from home depends on whether they are finishing high school or starting university, where they live, and whether they stay in a boarding facility, rent a room, or live in a university hall of residence.

The key distinction is that high school education at a state school is generally free, whereas university involves tuition fees and additional living expenses. For a young person living away from home, accommodation, food and day-to-day costs can be the biggest part of the family budget.

Below are indicative costs in New Zealand dollars (NZD), using 2026 as the reference year.

1. If the 17-year-old is still at high school

For a New Zealand citizen or other eligible domestic student attending a state secondary school, tuition is free. However, parents must still budget for accommodation, food, transport and school-related expenses. Private boarding schools can cost substantially more. 【turn0search0】【turn0search9】

Estimated annual costs

Expense Estimated annual cost
State school tuition $0
School uniform, stationery, trips and activities $500–$2,000
Living expenses and food $5,000–$9,000
Accommodation or private boarding $10,000–$20,000
Transport and travel home $1,000–$3,000
Clothing, phone and personal expenses $1,000–$2,500
Estimated total per year $17,500–$36,500

These are budgeting estimates, not official national averages. The accommodation figure assumes relatively modest boarding or accommodation arrangements; a private boarding school may charge additional tuition and fees.

For example, St Paul's Collegiate School lists 2026 domestic boarding fees, including tuition, of approximately $45,700 per year for most year levels. 【turn0search9】

What parents might actually pay

  • Staying with relatives or in inexpensive private accommodation: approximately $10,000–$18,000 a year.
  • Living away from home and paying for board and living expenses: approximately $17,500–$36,500 a year.
  • Attending a private boarding school: potentially $40,000–$50,000 or more a year.

The important consideration is whether the family is paying only for living expenses or also for private-school tuition and boarding fees.

There may also be government help with boarding costs for eligible students in Years 9–13 who face significant barriers to attending an appropriate local school. The Ministry of Education's boarding allowance is subject to eligibility criteria and does not necessarily cover the full cost. 【turn0search7】

2. If the 17-year-old is starting university

University is a different financial proposition. Parents may need to cover accommodation, food, tuition fees, books, transport and other living expenses.

Estimated annual costs for a domestic university student

Expense Estimated annual cost
University tuition fees $7,000–$12,000
Accommodation $8,000–$18,000
Food $4,000–$6,000
Transport $500–$2,000
Phone, internet and personal expenses $1,500–$3,000
Books, equipment and course expenses $500–$1,500
Travel home and miscellaneous costs $500–$2,000
Estimated total per year $22,000–$44,500

These figures are indicative estimates for a domestic student, not a quote from a particular university. Actual tuition depends on the degree, and accommodation costs depend on whether the student lives in a catered hall, a self-catered residence or a shared rental.

For context, official New Zealand study guidance estimates annual living costs of approximately $20,000–$27,000 in Auckland and Wellington, and $18,000–$21,000 in Dunedin. These figures are useful reference points, although individual budgets vary. 【turn0search2】

A realistic university budget

For a domestic student living away from home, a reasonable starting budget would be:

  • Living costs: $20,000–$27,000 a year.
  • Tuition fees: approximately $7,000–$12,000 a year.
  • Total: approximately $27,000–$39,000 a year.

This is before subtracting any financial assistance, scholarships or student income.

For a three-year degree, that could mean a total cost of around $81,000–$117,000, assuming similar annual costs throughout the degree and no allowance for future fee or living-cost increases.

3. Financial assistance available to parents

Because the young person is only 17, it is particularly important to check eligibility for government assistance before calculating the parents' share.

Student Allowance

A Student Allowance is a government payment that does not have to be repaid. However, most students must be at least 18, and parental income can affect eligibility and the amount paid.

Some 16- and 17-year-olds studying at tertiary level can qualify, including certain students who have completed Year 13 or meet specific academic entry requirements. StudyLink

Away From Home Allowance

This may be particularly relevant if your child is 16 or 17 and living away from home to attend a tertiary course or approved employment-related training.

Work and Income may pay an Away From Home Allowance to the young person's carer if the eligibility criteria are met. These include being eligible for a family tax credit and the young person being dependent on the carer.

The amount depends on the family's circumstances. You can find details on the Work and Income website.

Student Loan

A student loan can help with eligible tuition fees, course-related costs and living expenses. A student under 18 needs parental permission to obtain a student loan. Importantly, the living-cost component does not cover lump-sum accommodation costs such as university hall fees. StudyLink


4. How much should parents budget?

For a domestic student living away from home, I would use the following as an initial planning guide:

Situation Approximate annual cost to the family before assistance
High school, modest accommodation $17,500–$25,000
High school, more expensive accommodation $25,000–$36,500
University, living away from home $27,000–$39,000
Private boarding school $40,000–$50,000+

These are indicative budgets rather than fixed costs. The amount parents actually pay may be lower if the student receives eligible government assistance, scholarships or other support.

5. I can calculate a more accurate figure for your situation

There are two important details that would help narrow the estimate.

Is the 17-year-old currently finishing high school, or are they starting university at age 17?

And, if you know, will they be:

  • Living in a university hall of residence or school hostel?
  • Renting a room or flatting?
  • Boarding with a family or relatives?

With those details, I can estimate the likely annual cost to parents and identify which government assistance might be available in New Zealand.

Ask anything

ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Gemini · New Zealand country setting

cost for parents of high school and university in New Zealand for a 17-year-old living away from home

For parents supporting a 17-year-old living away from home in New Zealand, financial obligations depend heavily on whether the teenager is completing their final year of secondary school (Year 13) or transitioning into university. At 17 and living independently, a young person is legally a minor in New Zealand, meaning parents often face significant supplementary expenses, even with government assistance.


1. High School (Year 13, Age 17 Away from Home)

At 17, a student finishing high school away from home usually does so by boarding or living independently to attend a school not available in their local region.

  • Boarding School (Private/Integrated/State Hostels):
    • Cost: $19,000 to $22,000+ per year strictly for boarding/hostel fees, plus domestic tuition fees (which range from free at state schools to $5,000–$33,000+ per year for private or integrated schools).
    • What it covers: Dormitory lodging and meals during term time.
    • Hidden/Extra Costs: School uniform, sports/cultural levies, device requirements, travel home during term breaks (flights or petrol), and personal pocket money ($1,500–$3,000/year).
  • Private Boarding / Flatting / Guardianship:
    • If attending a state school while boarding privately or flatting, weekly board paid to a caregiver typically runs $250 to $350 per week, scaling up to $13,000–$18,000 annually just for accommodation and food.
  • Government Support:
    • Parents may qualify for the Boarding Allowance via the Ministry of Education if specific isolation or distance criteria are met (worth around $2,677 per year to help offset boarding costs).

2. University (First Year, Age 17 Turning 18 Away from Home)

A 17-year-old starting university straight out of high school faces heavy first-year expenses, heavily influenced by whether they live in a university hall of residence.

  • University Accommodation (Halls of Residence):
    • Cost: $18,000 to $25,000 per academic year (roughly $300 to $450 per week for a catered room).
    • What it covers: Fully furnished room, utilities, internet, and largely catered meals (crucial for a 17-year-old adjusting to independent living).
  • University Tuition (Domestic Fees):
    • Cost: $6,000 to $9,000 per year for standard undergraduate degrees (Arts, Science, Commerce), though specialized degrees like Engineering, Law, or Medicine can be higher.
    • Note: First-year domestic students may qualify for the Fees-Free scheme policies active during their study window, which can reduce tuition burdens.
  • Living Costs & Food (Beyond Halls):
    • Once out of halls (or for flatting students), a shared flat costs roughly $180 to $350 per week depending on the city (Dunedin/Christchurch are cheaper; Auckland/Wellington are significantly higher).
    • Groceries and power add another $350 to $500 per month.

3. Financial Support & The Parental Income Test (StudyLink)

Parents often plan to rely on government support, but student financial aid is strictly means-tested against parental income:

  • Student Allowance (Living Support): A 17-year-old living away from home can apply via StudyLink for a Student Allowance of up to $333.48 per week (after tax).
  • The Catch: This allowance is abated (reduced) based on combined parental income. If parents earn above the threshold (which starts reducing around mid-level household incomes), the student allowance drops significantly or disappears entirely, forcing parents to bridge the gap out-of-pocket.
  • Student Loan: Students can borrow up to $333.48 per week for living costs and cover their full tuition via the Student Loan scheme, though this builds a repayment debt for the student post-graduation.

Summary Estimated Annual Budget for Parents

Expense Category High School Boarding Scenario University (Halls) Scenario
Tuition / School Fees $0 (State) to $33,000 (Private) $6,000 – $10,000 (Standard domestic)
Accommodation & Food $15,000 – $22,000 (Hostel/Board) $18,000 – $25,000 (University Hall)
Transport, Travel & Extras $2,000 – $4,000 $2,500 – $4,000
Total Estimated Outlay $17,000 to $59,000+/yr $26,500 to $39,000+/yr

Are you currently mapping out expenses for a high school boarding arrangement or looking ahead to university halls for next year?

Ask Gemini

Gemini is AI and can make mistakes.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Google AI Mode · New Zealand country setting

cost for parents of high school and university in New Zealand for a 17-year-old living away from home

For parents in New Zealand supporting a 17-year-old living away from home, the financial outlook depends heavily on whether they are finishing their final year of high school (e.g., boarding school or living independently/in a hostel) or starting university (living in a hall of residence or flatting).

Estimated annual costs for both educational pathways reflect current figures:

1. High School (Year 13 / Age 17) Living Away From Home

At age 17, a high schooler living away from home is typically enrolled as a domestic boarder at a secondary school hostel or a private/integrated boarding school. State secondary schooling is free for domestic students, but boarding and attendance costs apply.

  • State/Integrated School Boarding Hostels:

$14,000−$18,000$ 14 comma 000 minus $ 18 comma 000

$𝟏𝟒,𝟎𝟎𝟎−$𝟏𝟖,𝟎𝟎𝟎

per year. This covers boarding, meals, and pastoral care during the school term, on top of local school donations or activity fees.

  • Private Boarding Schools:

$35,000−$48,000+$ 35 comma 000 minus $ 48 comma 000 plus

$𝟑𝟓,𝟎𝟎𝟎−$𝟒𝟖,𝟎𝟎𝟎+

per year. Comprehensive boarding, tuition, and extra-curricular costs combined.

  • Private/Independent Living (if applicable): If a 17-year-old is living independently or renting privately for work/school, costs align with general youth living expenses—roughly

$15,000−$20,000$ 15 comma 000 minus $ 20 comma 000

$𝟏𝟓,𝟎𝟎𝟎−$𝟐𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎

annually for rent, food, and transport, noting that 17-year-olds face legal restrictions signing residential tenancy agreements.

2. University (First Year) Living Away From Home

Entering university at 17 means the student is classified as a domestic tertiary student.

  • Tuition Fees:

$7,000−$11,000$ 7 comma 000 minus $ 11 comma 000

$𝟕,𝟎𝟎𝟎−$𝟏𝟏,𝟎𝟎𝟎

per year for a standard full-time undergraduate load (120 points), depending on the course of study (e.g., Arts/Humanities on the lower end, Engineering/Science/Law higher). Note that government-backed final-year Fees Free schemes are wrapping up through 2026, meaning most incoming students pay standard domestic fees (often offset by a Student Loan for fees).

  • Halls of Residence (Accommodation + Meals):

$18,000−$26,000$ 18 comma 000 minus $ 26 comma 000

$𝟏𝟖,𝟎𝟎𝟎−$𝟐𝟔,𝟎𝟎𝟎

for the academic year (roughly 38–41 weeks) for a catered hall, or

$14,000−$18,000$ 14 comma 000 minus $ 18 comma 000

$𝟏𝟒,𝟎𝟎𝟎−$𝟏𝟖,𝟎𝟎𝟎

for self-catered options.

  • General Living/Incidental Costs:

$3,000−$5,000$ 3 comma 000 minus $ 5 comma 000

$𝟑,𝟎𝟎𝟎−$𝟓,𝟎𝟎𝟎

for books, transport, personal items, and social activities not covered by the hall package.

  • Financial Support Offset: Under the StudyLink Student Allowance or Student Loan Living Costs, a single student living away from home can access a maximum of around

$333$ 333

$𝟑𝟑𝟑

per week ( ≈ $13,300 over a 40-week academic year), which leaves a substantial funding gap for accommodation that parents usually supplement.


If you'd like to narrow this down, let me know:

  • Are you looking at state boarding, private school, or university halls?
  • Will the student be eligible for a Student Allowance based on household income?

I can provide a more tailored budget breakdown.

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026

AI Overviews · New Zealand country setting

cost for parents of high school and university in New Zealand for a 17-year-old living away from home

AI Overview

The overall financial breakdown for New Zealand parents supporting a 17-year-old student living away from home varies significantly between high school and university. Assuming the student is a domestic student (NZ citizen or permanent resident), parents face the choices and costs detailed below.


High School (Year 13) Boarding Costs

For secondary school, the primary expense when living away from home is boarding. Tuition ranges wildly depending on the school type.

  • State Schools: Tuition is free. Boarding hostels at public high schools generally cost between $14,000 and $17,000 per year.
  • State-Integrated Schools: Compulsory attendance dues (often Catholic or other faith-based) add $520 to $2,000 per year on top of standard boarding fees.
  • Private Schools: Combined tuition and boarding fees for prestigious independent institutions range from $42,000 to over $56,000 per year.
  • Incidentals: Uniforms ($1,700–$1,900), extracurricular activities, and school trips add an estimated $3,000 to $4,000 annually.

Financial Relief: If you live in a remote area or face specific personal hardships, you may qualify for the Ministry of Education's Boarding Allowance, providing between $4,000 and $8,500 per year directly to the hostel.


University First-Year Costs

University introduces domestic tuition fees, but students gain access to government-backed student loans and allowances to help offload parental costs.

  • Tuition Fees: Domestic undergraduate tuition averages $6,500 to $10,500 per year , depending on the course of study.
  • Catered Halls of Residence: The default choice for first-year students living away from home costs between $460 and $616 per week , totaling $18,000 to $25,000 for a standard 40-week academic year.
  • Flatting (Alternative): Renting a room in a shared house drops the accommodation base down to $180 to $320 per week , but requires parents or students to budget an extra $100–$150 weekly for groceries and utilities.
  • One-off Fees: Entry deposits, text books, and student services levies require roughly $1,500 to $2,000 upfront.

Directly Comparing High School vs. University Costs

Expense Category High School (State Boarding) University (Catered Hall)
Tuition / Dues Free (State) $6,500 – $10,500 / year
Accommodation & Food $14,000 – $17,000 / year $18,000 – $25,000 / academic year
Upfront / One-off Costs $1,500+ (Uniforms, levies) $1,500+ (Deposits, text books)
Pocket Money / Incidental $2,000 – $3,000 / year $3,000 – $4,000 / year
Total Base Out-of-Pocket $17,500 – $21,500 / year $29,000 – $41,500 / year

The "Parent Shortfall" Reality at University

While university seems much higher on paper, your out-of-pocket parent cost may decrease due to StudyLink support:

  • The student can borrow up to $333.48 per week through a Student Loan for living costs (which they must pay back later).
  • Alternatively, depending on your total household income, they may qualify for a Student Allowance (which does not need to be repaid).
  • Because catered halls cost up to $616/week, the maximum StudyLink loan leaves a shortfall of roughly $140 to $300 per week. Parents commonly bridge this gap or students work part-time up to 25 hours per week to cover it.

To help tailor a more accurate budget, let me know:

  • Will the student be attending a public or private high school?
  • What field of study (e.g., Arts, Engineering, Health) are they looking into for university?
  • Do you plan to have the student take out Student Loans to cover their own living costs?
Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026