Evidence · Immigration

Immigration: questions, answers and evidence

Read all 797 original answers and the tables behind the findings. The 27 missing answers are from the China comparison on three platforms.

questions
143
captured answers
797
missing responses
27
answers collected
15–20 October 2026

01

Every question, with its answers

Each question was written as a voter would ask it and went to all four assistants. Some were also asked from a town. Open a question to read every answer to it in full.

Showing 20 of 143 questions

02

The tables behind the study

Every figure on the study page comes from these tables. They are CSV files, which open in any spreadsheet.

  • Complete AI answers

    answers.csv

    One complete original answer, with the question, platform, country setting and migrant profile.

    question_id, surface_code, location_ref, result_id, prompt_id, platform, scan_id, collection_panel, question_text, response_text

  • The questions we asked

    question-catalogue.csv

    One question with the migrant profile, wording and purpose.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Planned questions, platforms and countries

    execution-assignments.csv

    One question, platform and country we planned to collect an answer from.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • The 27 missing answers

    missing-cells.csv

    One expected answer that was not collected.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • Locations named for each migrant profile

    location-by-persona.csv

    How often a place was named in the twelve New Zealand answers for each migrant profile.

    persona, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles, wording_count, surface_count

  • Locations named across question wordings

    location-by-wording.csv

    One profile, platform and place, showing which versions of the question led to an answer naming the place.

    persona, surface, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles

  • Locations named by collection country

    location-by-region.csv

    One place and country setting; the China comparison has nine answers on Google AI Mode only.

    region, place, answers, denominator, surfaces

  • Eight countries on Google AI Mode

    location-ai-mode-eight-regions.csv

    One place and country across the same nine questions on Google AI Mode.

    region, place, answers, denominator

  • Matched local and overseas answers

    matched-region-answer-pairs.csv

    A New Zealand answer alongside the same question and platform using another country setting.

    region, surface, persona, question_id, result_id, nz_result_id, same_place_set, jaccard, added_names, omitted_names

  • Topics explicitly raised in the answers

    signals-by-output-platform.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by topic and platform.

    output, surface, signal, answers, denominator

  • Topics raised for each migrant profile

    signals-by-persona-output.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by migrant profile and topic.

    output, persona, signal, answers, denominator

  • Website addresses in captured answers

    captured-answer-links.csv

    Web addresses saved in the original answers, with image and file links identified.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, url, domain, host_class, image_or_asset

  • Extra table: links excluding images and files

    captured-links-by-platform.csv

    One platform across the same 143 New Zealand questions. The table excludes image and file links; the main Sources section counts those links.

    surface, denominator, answers_with_links, answers_with_govt_links

  • Captured answer lengths

    platform-answer-length.csv

    One platform across the same 143 local questions.

    surface, answers, median_words, mean_words

  • Recorded websites by answer

    sources-by-answer.csv

    Each website recorded as a source for an answer, with the page addresses and number of statements linked to the website.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, publisher, claim_count, source_urls

  • Recorded sources and their original claims

    source-claim-ledger.csv

    Sources attached to individual statements, with the original answer, quotation and source passage.

    narrative_id, claim_id, question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, url, source_passage, claim_quote, quote_exact

  • Answers with sources and answers with links

    source-answer-coverage.csv

    Each New Zealand answer, showing whether sources were recorded and whether the answer text contains a web link.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, associated_websites, had_sources, literal_url_answer

  • Website publisher classifications

    source-publisher-classification.csv

    Each website, the type of organisation behind the website and the reason for the category. Unconfirmed types remain Other.

    domain, publisher, basis, source

  • Tone toward each place

    place-sentiment-ledger.csv

    One named place in one answer, with the positive, neutral, negative or mixed label, supporting passages and reason. All 108 New Zealand answers about where to live were reviewed.

    result_id, question_id, prompt_id, persona, assistant, region, place, stance, paragraph_numbers, supporting_passages, display_passage, reason, answer_sha256, reviewed_on

  • Facts supplied in each question

    prompt-reporting-eligibility.csv

    Every question, with corrected descriptions of the facts stated and limits on interpreting its answers.

    question_id, reviewed_on, prompt_sha256, original_stated_facts, corrected_stated_facts, metadata_changed, destination_explicit, descriptive_counts_included, interpretation_rule

  • Sources across question styles

    source-wording-incidence.csv

    One website, profile, topic and platform, with answer totals, question styles and the original answer references.

    persona, output, surface, domain, answers_with_source, eligible_answers, wording_styles_with_source, eligible_wording_styles, observed_styles, eligible_styles, answer_ids, by_style

  • Questions with corrected fact descriptions

    question-catalogue-reviewed.csv

    The unchanged original question text with fact descriptions reviewed on 28 October 2026.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Statements checked against official sources

    statement-checks.csv

    One checked statement, with its exact passage, verdict, official source, review date and original answer reference.

    check_id, measure_id, question_checked, result_id, prompt_id, question_id, persona, assistant, wording, exact_statement, verdict, what_the_source_says, source_name, source_url, checked_on, answer_sha256

  • Policy questions covered by the checks

    statement-measures.csv

    One policy question, showing checked statements, original answers and the question wordings represented.

    measure_id, question_checked, checked_statements, distinct_answers, wording_styles_with_checked_assertions, wording_styles, answer_ids, question_ids, scope

Use the question and answer numbers to follow the evidence between tables. Locations named in warnings and comparisons count. Sources attached to an answer and web links in the answer text are counted separately.

03

The reviewed evidence

We read all 108 New Zealand answers about where to live to assess the tone toward each named place. A separate selection of 41 answers explores practical advice and contrasts across topics. The original policy checks were made on 22 October and expanded on 28 October 2026; verdicts cover selected statements, not every answer.

ChatGPT · New Zealand country setting

moving to New Zealand with a citizen partner and preschool child after living overseas when I need to find work — is it a good idea?

Moving to New Zealand with your citizen partner and preschool-aged child, after living overseas, can be a very sensible move — but I would base the decision on whether you can manage financially and emotionally while you find work, rather than assuming you'll get a job quickly.

There are some real advantages to returning as a family: your partner's citizenship may simplify their right to live and work in New Zealand, your child can potentially benefit from a more settled family environment, and you may be able to build a longer-term life there. The biggest challenge is often the transition period: securing a home, arranging childcare, finding employment and rebuilding your support network, potentially all at once.

The key question isn't simply whether New Zealand is a good place to live. It's whether the move will work for your family during the months before you have a reliable income.

The main pros and cons for your family

Reasons it could work well

  • A family base: If your partner has family or close friends in New Zealand, you may have support with childcare, settling in and job hunting.
  • A pathway to work: If you are not already entitled to work in New Zealand, the Partner of a New Zealander Work Visa may be an option, subject to eligibility. It can allow work without a job offer.
  • Help with preschool costs: Children aged 3–5 can receive up to 20 hours of funded early childhood education a week at participating services. Additional hours may still cost money. Partner of a New Zealander Work Visa » Immigration New Zealand20 hours funding for early childhood education
  • A longer-term family life: If you want your child to grow up closer to relatives, or you want to put down roots in one country, the move could offer more stability over time.

Reasons to be cautious

  • Uncertain job timing: Your experience may be valuable, but finding the right role can take time. Your industry, seniority and local experience all matter.
  • The cost of starting again: Rent, bond, transport, furniture and childcare can consume savings before you receive your first pay.
  • Childcare and job hunting: Interviews, networking and starting a new job are harder to coordinate if you don't have reliable childcare.
  • Financial pressure on your relationship: If your partner is the only earner initially, both of you need to be comfortable with the budget and the possibility of a longer job search.
  • The adjustment after living overseas: New Zealand may feel familiar, but your expectations of salaries, housing and career opportunities may not match the reality you return to.

1. How much financial security would you need?

I'd work backwards from your expected expenses rather than choose an arbitrary savings target.

A useful planning guide is to have enough accessible savings for your moving costs, initial housing expenses and at least 3–6 months of essential living costs, with more if neither of you has secured work.

Financial situation How I'd approach the move
Your partner has a secure job and can cover household essentials More manageable, provided the budget leaves room for surprises.
You have savings and your partner has some income Potentially workable, depending on your burn rate and how long your savings will last.
Neither of you has work lined up, but you have substantial savings Possible, but prepare for a prolonged job search and set a spending limit.
You would need your first paycheque to cover rent and bills I'd be cautious about moving before securing work or building a larger buffer.

Remember that you may not be eligible for every government payment immediately. For example, Working for Families has residency and other eligibility requirements, and returning residents may face tax considerations if they have foreign-sourced income. Don't include unconfirmed assistance in your budget. Can you get Working for Families?Working for Families overview

2. What about finding a job?

This is probably the biggest variable in your decision.

I would start applying before moving, if possible, rather than waiting until you arrive. You can assess employer interest, find out whether your overseas experience translates well to the New Zealand market, and identify any qualifications or registration requirements.

I'd also plan for three possible outcomes:

  • Best case: You find a suitable job before arriving or within the first month or two.
  • Middle case: You find work after several months, possibly in a role that isn't your first choice.
  • Difficult case: Your search takes longer than expected, and you need to accept lower pay, broaden your search or use savings for longer.

Build your budget around the middle case, and make sure you could survive the difficult case.

If you are not a New Zealand citizen or resident yourself, confirm your visa and work rights before making employment plans. A partner-based visa may provide a route to work, but eligibility depends on your circumstances and evidence of your relationship. Partner of a New Zealander Work Visa » Immigration New ZealandVisas for working in New Zealand :: Immigration New Zealand

3. Is it a good environment for a preschool child?

There are some practical positives. New Zealand offers funded early childhood education for eligible ages, and being closer to family can be valuable if relatives are available to help.

However, I'd check three things before deciding:

  • Whether a suitable early childhood centre has a place for your child, on the days and hours you need.
  • Whether the combined cost of housing and childcare works on one income.
  • Whether the move offers your child a better family life overall, not just a different country to grow up in.

If one parent can stay home while the other works, the transition may be easier. If both of you will need full-time work quickly, childcare availability and its cost become much more important.

4. My overall view

I wouldn't rule out moving simply because you don't have a job yet. Plenty depends on your occupation, finances, work rights and the support you have available.

I'd feel more comfortable with the plan if you have a realistic budget, a clear route to work, enough savings to absorb delays and a shared understanding with your partner of how long you'll search before reviewing the plan.

I'd be much more hesitant if the move requires you to find a job immediately, you have little savings, and you have no practical support with your child.

The decision is ultimately about what you are moving towards, as well as what you are leaving behind.

Can I ask you three things?

These would make a big difference to how I'd assess your particular situation.

With those details, I can give you a much more grounded assessment of whether the move looks financially realistic, what the main risks are, and whether I'd lean towards moving now or waiting until you have a job lined up.

Ask anything

ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Gemini · New Zealand country setting

moving to New Zealand with a citizen partner and preschool child after living overseas when I need to find work — is it a good idea?

Deciding to move back to New Zealand with a citizen partner and a preschooler—especially when you still need to secure employment—is a major step. Whether it is a "good idea" depends heavily on your financial runway, your industry, and how you weigh lifestyle against economic realities.

An objective breakdown of the pros, the challenges, and the practical steps can help you evaluate your situation.


The Advantages (Why it can be a great idea)

  • Unrestricted Work Rights via Partnership: Because your partner is a New Zealand citizen, you are eligible for a Partner of a New Zealander Work Visa. This grants you open work rights, meaning you can work for any employer in any occupation across the country without needing a job offer to sponsor your visa initially.
  • Family Support Network: Having a Kiwi partner usually means built-in local family support (such as grandparents for childcare), which is invaluable when raising a preschooler and transitioning back into the workforce.
  • Exceptional Lifestyle for Young Children: New Zealand offers a clean, green environment with an emphasis on outdoor play, nature, and community-centric living that many returning expats find ideal for raising young children.
  • ECE Subsidies: For a preschooler, New Zealand offers 20 Hours ECE (Early Childhood Education) subsidies for children aged 3 to 5 years old at participating providers, which significantly reduces the cost of daycare or preschool once your child turns three.

The Reality Check (The Challenges to Anticipate)

  • A Tight Job Market: New Zealand’s job market can be competitive, and salaries are generally lower and housing costs higher relative to major global hubs (like London, New York, or Sydney). Landing a professional role from overseas can sometimes be difficult; many employers prefer candidates who are already in the country and available for face-to-face interviews.
  • High Cost of Living: Rent, groceries, electricity, and fuel have seen significant increases. Rent in major centres like Auckland or Wellington typically commands a large portion of a household budget.
  • The "Kiwi Experience" Catch-22: Some local employers place a heavy value on local New Zealand work experience, meaning you may need to be patient or flexible with your initial job search (sometimes taking a stepping-stone role to break back into the market).

Strategic Action Plan for Your Move

If you decide to move forward, a structured approach will minimize financial stress:

  1. Secure the Visa Before Landing: Apply for the Partner of a New Zealander Work Visa online via Immigration New Zealand. Ensure you have robust evidence of your stable relationship (shared finances, living arrangements) and sufficient funds or a sponsor to satisfy visa entry conditions.
  2. Build a 3-to-6 Month Financial Runway: Do not move without a dedicated cash buffer. Given the current cost of living, having enough savings to cover rent, food, and unexpected expenses for several months while you job-hunt is crucial.
  3. Tailor Your CV to the NZ Market: Resumes in New Zealand (often called CVs) tend to be concise (2 to 3 pages) and require local formatting, including local referee contacts if possible. Begin networking via LinkedIn with recruiters or industry groups in New Zealand before you board the plane.
  4. Target the Right Locations: Consider whether you want to land in high-cost economic hubs (Auckland/Wellington) where professional jobs are more concentrated, or regional centers (like Christchurch, Tauranga, or the Waikato) where the cost of living can be lower and work-life balance even more pronounced.

To help narrow this down: What industry or field do you work in, and do you already have a financial buffer or savings set aside for the transition?

Ask Gemini

Gemini is AI and can make mistakes.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Google AI Mode · New Zealand country setting

moving to New Zealand with a citizen partner and preschool child after living overseas when I need to find work — is it a good idea?

Moving back or relocating to New Zealand with a citizen partner and a preschooler while needing to secure employment is a major life pivot. Whether it is a "good idea" depends heavily on your financial runway, your industry, and what you are hoping to gain for your family lifestyle.

Here is an honest breakdown of the practical realities, pros, and challenges you will want to weigh.

The Advantages (The Pros)

  • Open Work Rights: Because your partner is a New Zealand citizen, you are eligible for a Partner of a New Zealander Work Visa, which grants open work rights. This means you can work for any employer or be self-employed without needing a job offer first (and you can transition toward residence down the line).

  • Great Environment for Preschoolers: New Zealand offers a clean environment, an outdoor-focused lifestyle, and a solid early childhood education (ECE) framework.

  • Family Support: If your partner has family already in New Zealand, having built-in local support or grandparents nearby can be an incredible asset with a young child.

The Challenges (The Cons & Realities)

  • The Job Market: New Zealand’s job market can be small, and hiring cycles can sometimes move slowly, particularly depending on your specific sector (e.g., tech, corporate, specialized fields vs. healthcare or trades). Landing a job before you arrive is ideal, though doing it on the ground with open work rights is doable.

  • Cost of Living vs. Local Salaries: New Zealand has a relatively high cost of living (housing, groceries, and energy can be expensive relative to local wage levels). Living on a single income while you job-hunt can strain your savings quickly.

  • Early Childhood Education Costs: Unlike compulsory schooling (which starts at age 5), preschool and ECE in New Zealand are not entirely free, though government subsidies apply for children over three (such as the 20 Hours ECE scheme). Budgeting for childcare while you are interviewing or working is a crucial factor.

Key Factors to Consider Before Deciding

  • Financial Runway: Do you have at least 3 to 6 months of living expenses saved up to absorb the transition period while you look for work?

  • Your Professional Network: Can you leverage remote networking, LinkedIn, or former contacts before moving, or will you be starting from scratch locally?

  • Housing Logistics: Where will you live initially? Renting or buying can be competitive, and having a secure landing pad (like staying with family) changes the stress equation entirely.

If you'd like to share:

  • Your industry or profession
  • How much financial cushion you have saved
  • Whether you have family support already based in New Zealand

I can give you a more realistic picture of the job market outlook and cost considerations for your situation.

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026

AI Overviews · New Zealand country setting

moving to New Zealand with a citizen partner and preschool child after living overseas when I need to find work — is it a good idea?

AI Overview

Moving to New Zealand with a citizen partner and a preschool child is highly doable and can be a rewarding life move, but your success depends heavily on securing the right visa before arriving and preparing for a highly competitive job market. Because you are moving with a New Zealand citizen, your pathway to legal residency is much smoother than it is for most skilled migrants, though navigating the current economic climate requires realistic planning.

The primary factors to consider are broken down below to help you decide if it is the right move for you.

1. The Legal and Visa Pathway (Your Biggest Advantage)

Since your partner is a New Zealand citizen and you have lived together overseas, you have a direct pathway to residency:

  • Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa: If you can prove you have lived together in a genuine and stable relationship for 12 months or more , you can apply directly for residency. This grants you the immediate right to live, work for any employer, and access public healthcare. You can check the requirements on the Immigration New Zealand Partnership Page.
  • Your Child’s Status: Depending on where your child was born, they may already be a New Zealand citizen by descent. If they are not, they can easily be included in your residency application or get a Dependent Child Resident Visa. Dependent Child Resident Visa
  • Timeline Warning: Apply before you move. Job hunting on a basic tourist visa (or NZeTA) is strictly restricted, and employers rarely wait for months while a partnership visa processes.

2. Finding Work in New Zealand

Needing to find work means facing the reality of the domestic job market:

  • The "NZ Experience" Hurdle: Many New Zealand employers display a strong preference for candidates who have already worked locally. To counter this, leverage your partner's network and tailor your CV to the New Zealand style (which focuses heavily on practical achievements and cultural fit).
  • Market Conditions: The job market has tightened significantly. Securing a corporate or specialized role from overseas can be difficult, so you should expect the job hunt to take anywhere from 2 to 6 months upon arrival.
  • Income Tax: You will need to set up a New Zealand bank account and apply for an Inland Revenue Department (IRD) number as soon as your visa is active so you can be taxed correctly.

3. Raising a Preschool Child

New Zealand is generally considered an exceptional place to raise young children due to the outdoor lifestyle, clean environment, and community focus. However, childcare costs can be high:

  • ECE Subsidies: Children aged 3 to 5 are eligible for 20 Hours Free Early Childhood Education (ECE) per week, which heavily offsets daycare costs.
  • School Transitions: A unique feature of the local system is that children typically start primary school exactly on their 5th birthday , rather than waiting for the start of a new school term or year.

4. Financial Reality Check

Before making the leap, make sure your finances can support the transition:

  • Cost of Living: High grocery prices, expensive utilities, and steep rental costs can cause significant "sticker shock" for new arrivals.
  • Emergency Buffer: Because you need to find a job, ensure you have at least 3 to 6 months of living expenses saved. Relying solely on your partner's potential income or savings while you both settle in can cause high initial stress.

Pro and Con Overview

Pros Cons
Straightforward partnership visa pathways High cost of living (rent, groceries, utilities)
Safe, clean environment for a preschooler Current job market is highly competitive
20 Hours Free ECE for your child Employers heavily favor local work experience
Free public healthcare (once resident) High initial relocation and shipping costs

Summary Verdict

It is a good idea if you apply for your residency visa before arriving, have a solid financial safety net to cover your job hunt, and have realistic expectations about the time it will take to secure a role.

To help me tailor this advice, could you share a bit more about:

  • What industry or occupation you are looking for work in?
  • Do you have the ability to work remotely for an overseas employer while transitioning?
  • What country are you currently relocating from?
Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026