Evidence · Immigration

Immigration: questions, answers and evidence

Read all 797 original answers and the tables behind the findings. The 27 missing answers are from the China comparison on three platforms.

questions
143
captured answers
797
missing responses
27
answers collected
15–20 October 2026

01

Every question, with its answers

Each question was written as a voter would ask it and went to all four assistants. Some were also asked from a town. Open a question to read every answer to it in full.

Showing 20 of 143 questions

02

The tables behind the study

Every figure on the study page comes from these tables. They are CSV files, which open in any spreadsheet.

  • Complete AI answers

    answers.csv

    One complete original answer, with the question, platform, country setting and migrant profile.

    question_id, surface_code, location_ref, result_id, prompt_id, platform, scan_id, collection_panel, question_text, response_text

  • The questions we asked

    question-catalogue.csv

    One question with the migrant profile, wording and purpose.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Planned questions, platforms and countries

    execution-assignments.csv

    One question, platform and country we planned to collect an answer from.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • The 27 missing answers

    missing-cells.csv

    One expected answer that was not collected.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • Locations named for each migrant profile

    location-by-persona.csv

    How often a place was named in the twelve New Zealand answers for each migrant profile.

    persona, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles, wording_count, surface_count

  • Locations named across question wordings

    location-by-wording.csv

    One profile, platform and place, showing which versions of the question led to an answer naming the place.

    persona, surface, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles

  • Locations named by collection country

    location-by-region.csv

    One place and country setting; the China comparison has nine answers on Google AI Mode only.

    region, place, answers, denominator, surfaces

  • Eight countries on Google AI Mode

    location-ai-mode-eight-regions.csv

    One place and country across the same nine questions on Google AI Mode.

    region, place, answers, denominator

  • Matched local and overseas answers

    matched-region-answer-pairs.csv

    A New Zealand answer alongside the same question and platform using another country setting.

    region, surface, persona, question_id, result_id, nz_result_id, same_place_set, jaccard, added_names, omitted_names

  • Topics explicitly raised in the answers

    signals-by-output-platform.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by topic and platform.

    output, surface, signal, answers, denominator

  • Topics raised for each migrant profile

    signals-by-persona-output.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by migrant profile and topic.

    output, persona, signal, answers, denominator

  • Website addresses in captured answers

    captured-answer-links.csv

    Web addresses saved in the original answers, with image and file links identified.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, url, domain, host_class, image_or_asset

  • Extra table: links excluding images and files

    captured-links-by-platform.csv

    One platform across the same 143 New Zealand questions. The table excludes image and file links; the main Sources section counts those links.

    surface, denominator, answers_with_links, answers_with_govt_links

  • Captured answer lengths

    platform-answer-length.csv

    One platform across the same 143 local questions.

    surface, answers, median_words, mean_words

  • Recorded websites by answer

    sources-by-answer.csv

    Each website recorded as a source for an answer, with the page addresses and number of statements linked to the website.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, publisher, claim_count, source_urls

  • Recorded sources and their original claims

    source-claim-ledger.csv

    Sources attached to individual statements, with the original answer, quotation and source passage.

    narrative_id, claim_id, question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, url, source_passage, claim_quote, quote_exact

  • Answers with sources and answers with links

    source-answer-coverage.csv

    Each New Zealand answer, showing whether sources were recorded and whether the answer text contains a web link.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, associated_websites, had_sources, literal_url_answer

  • Website publisher classifications

    source-publisher-classification.csv

    Each website, the type of organisation behind the website and the reason for the category. Unconfirmed types remain Other.

    domain, publisher, basis, source

  • Tone toward each place

    place-sentiment-ledger.csv

    One named place in one answer, with the positive, neutral, negative or mixed label, supporting passages and reason. All 108 New Zealand answers about where to live were reviewed.

    result_id, question_id, prompt_id, persona, assistant, region, place, stance, paragraph_numbers, supporting_passages, display_passage, reason, answer_sha256, reviewed_on

  • Facts supplied in each question

    prompt-reporting-eligibility.csv

    Every question, with corrected descriptions of the facts stated and limits on interpreting its answers.

    question_id, reviewed_on, prompt_sha256, original_stated_facts, corrected_stated_facts, metadata_changed, destination_explicit, descriptive_counts_included, interpretation_rule

  • Sources across question styles

    source-wording-incidence.csv

    One website, profile, topic and platform, with answer totals, question styles and the original answer references.

    persona, output, surface, domain, answers_with_source, eligible_answers, wording_styles_with_source, eligible_wording_styles, observed_styles, eligible_styles, answer_ids, by_style

  • Questions with corrected fact descriptions

    question-catalogue-reviewed.csv

    The unchanged original question text with fact descriptions reviewed on 28 October 2026.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Statements checked against official sources

    statement-checks.csv

    One checked statement, with its exact passage, verdict, official source, review date and original answer reference.

    check_id, measure_id, question_checked, result_id, prompt_id, question_id, persona, assistant, wording, exact_statement, verdict, what_the_source_says, source_name, source_url, checked_on, answer_sha256

  • Policy questions covered by the checks

    statement-measures.csv

    One policy question, showing checked statements, original answers and the question wordings represented.

    measure_id, question_checked, checked_statements, distinct_answers, wording_styles_with_checked_assertions, wording_styles, answer_ids, question_ids, scope

Use the question and answer numbers to follow the evidence between tables. Locations named in warnings and comparisons count. Sources attached to an answer and web links in the answer text are counted separately.

03

The reviewed evidence

We read all 108 New Zealand answers about where to live to assess the tone toward each named place. A separate selection of 41 answers explores practical advice and contrasts across topics. The original policy checks were made on 22 October and expanded on 28 October 2026; verdicts cover selected statements, not every answer.

ChatGPT · New Zealand country setting

My New Zealand partner and I would be returning with our preschool child, and I'd need to find work. What parts of day-to-day life are likely to be hardest for us, and where could we get help?

Moving back to New Zealand with your New Zealand partner and a preschool-aged child could offer a lot of positives, but the hardest part may be getting the practical pieces of family life working at the same time: securing a job, finding affordable housing, arranging childcare, and rebuilding your support network.

I'd plan for a transition period rather than assume life will fall into place as soon as you arrive. The good news is that New Zealand has public services and community organisations that can help, although eligibility for some assistance depends on your residency or visa status, income, and circumstances.

The six areas most likely to be difficult

1. Housing and the cost of getting established

Likely challenge: Rent, bond, furniture, utilities, transport and groceries can consume savings before you have a regular income. Finding a suitable rental may also be difficult without recent New Zealand employment or landlord references.

Where to get help:

  • Tenancy Services — tenancy rights, bond rules and renting advice.
  • Work and Income — ask about help with accommodation costs or bond payments if eligible.
  • Your partner's family or friends, if available, may be able to provide temporary accommodation or references.

Practical tip: Budget for the possibility of paying up to four weeks' rent as a bond plus up to two weeks' rent in advance. Information for new tenants » Tenancy ServicesCharging a general bond » Tenancy ServicesMoving to New Zealand

2. Finding work while settling in

Likely challenge: You may need to adapt your CV to local expectations, build professional contacts, obtain local references or have overseas qualifications recognised. Interviews and job applications can take time, and you may need to balance them with childcare.

Where to get help:

Practical tip: Start applying before you move if your circumstances allow. Prepare a New Zealand-style CV, gather references and certificates, and investigate whether your profession requires registration.

3. Childcare that fits around a new job

Likely challenge: You may need childcare before you know your working hours. Centres may have waiting lists, and part-time childcare hours may not cover a full working day, commuting or interviews.

Where to get help:

Practical tip: Contact several centres before arriving and ask about availability, hours, holiday closures, extra fees and settling-in periods. Remember that 20 Hours ECE does not necessarily cover all the hours you need to work. 20 hours funding for early childhood educationChoosing an early learning service4-1 Funding eligibility

4. The mental load and loss of a support network

Likely challenge: Moving countries is tiring even when it's a positive choice. You may be dealing with homesickness, uncertainty, parenting demands and the pressure of finding work, while your partner is also adjusting to your return.

Where to get help:

  • CAB — Citizens Advice Bureau for free information and help finding local services.
  • Family Services Directory to find family and community support.
  • Local libraries, playgroups, community centres and parent groups can help you make connections.
  • 1737 offers free call or text support if you need someone to talk to about emotional distress.

Practical tip: Agree in advance on how you will share childcare, household work, job searching and downtime. If your partner has local family, discuss what practical help they can realistically offer rather than assuming it will automatically be available.

5. Healthcare and getting your child settled

Likely challenge: You may need to arrange a GP, transfer medical records, check immunisation records and understand how prescriptions and appointments are paid for. Finding a practice accepting new patients can take time.

Where to get help:

Practical tip: Check your own eligibility as well as your child's, gather passports and birth certificates, and contact GP practices before you need an appointment. New Zealand citizenship or residency can make a substantial difference to access and costs. Access to public services while in New Zealand :: Immigration New ZealandGeneral practicesSigning up with a healthcare provider

6. Managing money while income is uncertain

Likely challenge: Even if your partner is earning, one income may need to cover rent, childcare, transport and all the costs of a young child. Your first pay may arrive weeks after you start work, and overseas savings or benefits may not stretch as far as expected.

Where to get help:

Important: Do not assume that benefits start immediately on arrival. Jobseeker Support has residence and other eligibility rules, and Working for Families has separate residency, tax and child-related criteria. Returning after a long period overseas can also raise a tax decision involving transitional residence and Working for Families. Get advice before applying if this may apply to you. Jobseeker SupportResidency requirementsNew or returning residents

Where I'd focus before you move

Rather than trying to solve everything at once, I'd prioritise these steps in order.

  1. Work out your financial runway. Calculate how many months you could manage on your available savings and your partner's income, allowing for moving costs, rental bond, childcare and an unexpected expense.
  2. Check your immigration and public-service eligibility. Your partner being a New Zealand citizen does not automatically mean you have the same status or entitlements. Confirm your own right to live and work in New Zealand, plus healthcare and financial support eligibility.
  3. Arrange childcare and housing together. Think about the commute between home, your likely workplace and your child's early learning centre. A cheaper rental can become less economical if it adds substantial transport or childcare costs.
  4. Start the job search early. Research salaries and vacancies in your field, make contact with employers and professional networks, and ask whether local registration or qualifications recognition is necessary.
  5. Build a support network from day one. Find a parent group, a local community organisation and at least one person you can call when childcare falls through or you need a hand.

A few things that would make the advice much more specific

The biggest unknown is your personal situation. I wouldn't want to assume that you're moving from a particular country, that your partner will have a job, or that you already qualify for New Zealand services.

If you're comfortable sharing, which country are you moving from, and what is your own citizenship or visa status? Those two details would help me identify the most relevant return-to-New-Zealand support, employment options and potential financial hurdles for your family.

Ask anything

ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Gemini · New Zealand country setting

My New Zealand partner and I would be returning with our preschool child, and I'd need to find work. What parts of day-to-day life are likely to be hardest for us, and where could we get help?

Returning to New Zealand with a partner and a preschooler while navigating a job hunt brings a unique mix of rewards and practical hurdles. Because one partner is a New Zealand citizen, securing residency and legal pathways for the family is straightforward, but day-to-day establishment can still test your resilience.


Potential Day-to-Day Challenges

  • Cost of Living and Dual-Income Transition: New Zealand has a high cost of living relative to average local wages—particularly concerning housing costs, groceries, utilities, and insurance. Relying on a single income while looking for work can stretch your household budget tightly until you secure a job.
  • The Job Hunt Realities: Depending on your industry, the New Zealand job market can be relationship-driven ("it’s who you know"), and overseas experience sometimes takes time to translate on paper. Finding a role that matches your skills while managing childcare can feel like a juggling act.
  • Navigating Early Childhood Education (ECE) and Childcare: While New Zealand offers 20 Hours ECE subsidies for children aged 3, 4, and 5, securing a spot in a reputable daycare or kindergarten can involve waitlists. If your child is younger than 3, or if you need hours outside the standard subsidy, unsubsidized early childhood education can be a significant weekly expense.
  • Rebuilding a Support Network: Even with a New Zealand partner, returning after living abroad often means your local village—family, longtime friends, trusted babysitters—has fractured or needs rebuilding. Juggling a toddler without immediate backup while job hunting is exhausting.

Where to Get Help

  • Employment and Career Support:
    • Ministry of Social Development (Work and Income / MSD): Offers job-seeking assistance, employment seminars, and temporary financial support if things get tight.
    • New Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA): If your qualifications are from overseas, getting them assessed quickly via NZQA helps local employers understand your credentials.
    • Recruitment Agencies & Industry Networks: Connecting with local agencies before or immediately upon arrival can fast-track your entry into the job market.
  • Settlement and Community Information:
    • Citizens Advice Bureau (CAB): A phenomenal, free nationwide resource. CAB can guide you through tenant rights, employment laws, healthcare enrollment, and local community groups.
    • New Zealand Now (immigration.govt.nz): Provides comprehensive official guides on moving back home, tax, healthcare, and integrating family life.
  • Family and Financial Support:
    • Inland Revenue (IRD): Once you are set up with IRD numbers, look into Working for Families tax credits and the Best Start payment (which provides financial assistance for families with children under 3).
    • Plunket: If your child is still within early preschool brackets, Plunket is New Zealand's key provider of well-child health services. They also run local parenting groups, which are invaluable for meeting other families and building a local social circle.

Are you targeting a specific industry for your job hunt, or would you like advice on how to prep your CV for the New Zealand market before you fly?

Ask Gemini

Gemini is AI and can make mistakes.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Google AI Mode · New Zealand country setting

My New Zealand partner and I would be returning with our preschool child, and I'd need to find work. What parts of day-to-day life are likely to be hardest for us, and where could we get help?

Returning to New Zealand with a young family and stepping back into the job market involves a unique adjustment period. Even with a Kiwi partner, "re-entry shock" is a real phenomenon—things may look familiar, but day-to-day rhythms, costs, and workplace dynamics can feel surprisingly different.

Hardest Parts of Day-to-Day Life

  • Cost of Living vs. Local Salaries: New Zealand’s consumer prices, housing/rental costs, and utilities often catch returning families off guard relative to local wage levels. Aligning expectations for household budgeting takes time.

  • Securing Early Childhood Education (ECE): While children aged 3 and 4 are eligible for 20 hours of government-funded ECE per week, finding an available spot can be competitive depending on the region. Coordinating childcare while simultaneously interviewing for or starting a new job can cause logistical friction.

  • The "Hidden" Job Market & Networking: Landing a job often relies heavily on local networks and the "who you know" factor. If you've been away for years, your professional network may have faded or shifted, making the initial job hunt feel slow.

  • Reverse Culture Shock & Social Reintegration: Expect an adjustment period for both you and your child. Friends and family have moved on with their busy local routines, and readjusting to a smaller-scale pace of life can take emotional energy.

  • Wellington/Auckland Commuting & Infrastructure: Depending on where you land, traffic congestion, public transport limitations, or older housing stock (which can be cold/damp compared to overseas standards) require practical adjustments.


Where You Can Get Help

  • Employment and Job Hunting Resources:

  • Use Work and Income NZ - Find Jobs for job search support, online profiles via MyMSD, and employment connection tools.

  • Check major commercial job boards like Trade Me Jobs or Seek New Zealand to gauge the market in your field.

  • Explore specialized or flexible platforms like Jobs for Mums if you are seeking remote or family-friendly flexible work.

  • Childcare and ECE Guidance:

  • Visit the Ministry of Education - Early Learning portal to understand entitlement, subsidies, and how to find licensed ECE providers or kōhanga reo.

  • Settlement and Relocation Networks:

  • Look into specialized transition resources or private relocation advisory services such as Mobile Relocation which offer specific guidance and community networks for returning Kiwis.

To help narrow down practical strategies, could you share:

  • What industry or field you'll be looking for work in?
  • Roughly how long you've been away from New Zealand?
Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026

AI Overviews · New Zealand country setting

My New Zealand partner and I would be returning with our preschool child, and I'd need to find work. What parts of day-to-day life are likely to be hardest for us, and where could we get help?

AI Overview

Moving to New Zealand with a Kiwi partner and a preschooler is an exciting step, but navigating the relocation involves specific day-to-day pressures. The most challenging aspects usually revolve around the cost of living, securing early childhood care, landing a job as an overseas applicant, and managing the healthcare system.

The hardest parts of daily life you are likely to encounter, along with the exact resources and agencies that can help you handle them, are outlined below.

🏡 1. High Cost of Living & Housing

New Zealand’s high cost of living is often the biggest shock for returning families. Groceries, utilities, and fuel are expensive, and housing can absorb a significant portion of a household income.

  • Where to get help:
  • Check your eligibility for working age or family financial assistance through Work and Income (WINZ). Depending on your visa status, your family may qualify for tax credits or accommodation supplements.
  • Research average rental prices and current tenancy laws on the Tenancy Services website to understand your rights and budget requirements before signing a lease.

🧸 2. Early Childhood Education (ECE) & Childcare Costs

Childcare for a preschooler can be incredibly expensive and spaces are frequently limited, meaning long waitlists are common.

  • Where to get help:
  • If your child is 3 or 4 years old, they are eligible for the 20 Hours ECE subsidy, which provides up to 20 hours a week of fully or partially funded early childhood education. Look up participating centers through the Ministry of Education.
  • Explore community-run options like Playcentres or localized playgroups for more affordable, parent-led socialization opportunities.

💼 3. The "Kiwi Experience" Job Market Barrier

Securing employment from overseas or right after arriving can be challenging. Many New Zealand employers hesitate to hire candidates who lack local workplace experience or do not yet have a confirmed visa.

  • Where to get help:
  • Make sure your visa allows you to work by checking your options on Immigration New Zealand. If you are applying under a partnership category, ensure you have gathered joint tenancy or financial history to avoid processing delays.
  • Begin building your local professional network and searching for vacancies on NZ's primary job boards: Seek and Trade Me Jobs.
  • Update your resume to the standard New Zealand layout (which focuses heavily on concise achievements and cultural fit) using the templates provided by Careers New Zealand.

🩺 4. Accessing Healthcare & Finding a GP

New Zealand has a heavily subsidized public healthcare system, but finding a local General Practitioner (GP) accepting new patients can be a hurdle in many regions.

  • Where to get help:
  • If you hold a valid work visa of two years or more (or a resident visa), you are generally eligible for publicly funded healthcare. Check your exact eligibility criteria on the Health New Zealand | Te Whatu Ora website.
  • Use the national directory on DoctorInfo to locate nearby clinics and check if their enrollment books are open.

To help narrow down the best path forward, could you share what industry you work in and what visa stage you are currently at? Sharing whether you have a specific region in mind would also help me pinpoint localized community groups for your family.

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026