Evidence · Immigration

Immigration: questions, answers and evidence

Read all 797 original answers and the tables behind the findings. The 27 missing answers are from the China comparison on three platforms.

questions
143
captured answers
797
missing responses
27
answers collected
15–20 October 2026

01

Every question, with its answers

Each question was written as a voter would ask it and went to all four assistants. Some were also asked from a town. Open a question to read every answer to it in full.

Showing 20 of 143 questions

02

The tables behind the study

Every figure on the study page comes from these tables. They are CSV files, which open in any spreadsheet.

  • Complete AI answers

    answers.csv

    One complete original answer, with the question, platform, country setting and migrant profile.

    question_id, surface_code, location_ref, result_id, prompt_id, platform, scan_id, collection_panel, question_text, response_text

  • The questions we asked

    question-catalogue.csv

    One question with the migrant profile, wording and purpose.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Planned questions, platforms and countries

    execution-assignments.csv

    One question, platform and country we planned to collect an answer from.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • The 27 missing answers

    missing-cells.csv

    One expected answer that was not collected.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • Locations named for each migrant profile

    location-by-persona.csv

    How often a place was named in the twelve New Zealand answers for each migrant profile.

    persona, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles, wording_count, surface_count

  • Locations named across question wordings

    location-by-wording.csv

    One profile, platform and place, showing which versions of the question led to an answer naming the place.

    persona, surface, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles

  • Locations named by collection country

    location-by-region.csv

    One place and country setting; the China comparison has nine answers on Google AI Mode only.

    region, place, answers, denominator, surfaces

  • Eight countries on Google AI Mode

    location-ai-mode-eight-regions.csv

    One place and country across the same nine questions on Google AI Mode.

    region, place, answers, denominator

  • Matched local and overseas answers

    matched-region-answer-pairs.csv

    A New Zealand answer alongside the same question and platform using another country setting.

    region, surface, persona, question_id, result_id, nz_result_id, same_place_set, jaccard, added_names, omitted_names

  • Topics explicitly raised in the answers

    signals-by-output-platform.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by topic and platform.

    output, surface, signal, answers, denominator

  • Topics raised for each migrant profile

    signals-by-persona-output.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by migrant profile and topic.

    output, persona, signal, answers, denominator

  • Website addresses in captured answers

    captured-answer-links.csv

    Web addresses saved in the original answers, with image and file links identified.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, url, domain, host_class, image_or_asset

  • Extra table: links excluding images and files

    captured-links-by-platform.csv

    One platform across the same 143 New Zealand questions. The table excludes image and file links; the main Sources section counts those links.

    surface, denominator, answers_with_links, answers_with_govt_links

  • Captured answer lengths

    platform-answer-length.csv

    One platform across the same 143 local questions.

    surface, answers, median_words, mean_words

  • Recorded websites by answer

    sources-by-answer.csv

    Each website recorded as a source for an answer, with the page addresses and number of statements linked to the website.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, publisher, claim_count, source_urls

  • Recorded sources and their original claims

    source-claim-ledger.csv

    Sources attached to individual statements, with the original answer, quotation and source passage.

    narrative_id, claim_id, question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, url, source_passage, claim_quote, quote_exact

  • Answers with sources and answers with links

    source-answer-coverage.csv

    Each New Zealand answer, showing whether sources were recorded and whether the answer text contains a web link.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, associated_websites, had_sources, literal_url_answer

  • Website publisher classifications

    source-publisher-classification.csv

    Each website, the type of organisation behind the website and the reason for the category. Unconfirmed types remain Other.

    domain, publisher, basis, source

  • Tone toward each place

    place-sentiment-ledger.csv

    One named place in one answer, with the positive, neutral, negative or mixed label, supporting passages and reason. All 108 New Zealand answers about where to live were reviewed.

    result_id, question_id, prompt_id, persona, assistant, region, place, stance, paragraph_numbers, supporting_passages, display_passage, reason, answer_sha256, reviewed_on

  • Facts supplied in each question

    prompt-reporting-eligibility.csv

    Every question, with corrected descriptions of the facts stated and limits on interpreting its answers.

    question_id, reviewed_on, prompt_sha256, original_stated_facts, corrected_stated_facts, metadata_changed, destination_explicit, descriptive_counts_included, interpretation_rule

  • Sources across question styles

    source-wording-incidence.csv

    One website, profile, topic and platform, with answer totals, question styles and the original answer references.

    persona, output, surface, domain, answers_with_source, eligible_answers, wording_styles_with_source, eligible_wording_styles, observed_styles, eligible_styles, answer_ids, by_style

  • Questions with corrected fact descriptions

    question-catalogue-reviewed.csv

    The unchanged original question text with fact descriptions reviewed on 28 October 2026.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Statements checked against official sources

    statement-checks.csv

    One checked statement, with its exact passage, verdict, official source, review date and original answer reference.

    check_id, measure_id, question_checked, result_id, prompt_id, question_id, persona, assistant, wording, exact_statement, verdict, what_the_source_says, source_name, source_url, checked_on, answer_sha256

  • Policy questions covered by the checks

    statement-measures.csv

    One policy question, showing checked statements, original answers and the question wordings represented.

    measure_id, question_checked, checked_statements, distinct_answers, wording_styles_with_checked_assertions, wording_styles, answer_ids, question_ids, scope

Use the question and answer numbers to follow the evidence between tables. Locations named in warnings and comparisons count. Sources attached to an answer and web links in the answer text are counted separately.

03

The reviewed evidence

We read all 108 New Zealand answers about where to live to assess the tone toward each named place. A separate selection of 41 answers explores practical advice and contrasts across topics. The original policy checks were made on 22 October and expanded on 28 October 2026; verdicts cover selected statements, not every answer.

ChatGPT · New Zealand country setting

I already run a small business and I'm considering moving with my partner to buy or run one in New Zealand. We haven't chosen the type of business or where to base it. Would moving to New Zealand make sense for me? What would be the main upsides and downsides?

Would moving to New Zealand make sense for you as a business owner?

It could be a good move, but I would investigate immigration eligibility and the economics of a potential business before committing to the relocation. Since you already run a small business, you have an advantage over someone starting from scratch: you can bring management experience, operational skills and an understanding of what makes a business profitable.

The bigger question is whether New Zealand offers you and your partner a better combination of business opportunity, lifestyle, financial security and long-term residency prospects than your current situation.

New Zealand has attractions for business owners, particularly if you value a relatively small market, access to outdoor activities and the opportunity to build a life in a different country. But it also has real trade-offs: a limited domestic customer base, geographic isolation, potentially high operating costs and immigration requirements that can significantly affect which businesses you can buy.

The main upsides and downsides

1. Lifestyle and quality of life

Potential upside

New Zealand offers access to beaches, mountains, walking trails and outdoor recreation, with a relatively small population and distinct regional communities. If you and your partner want a lifestyle change alongside business ownership, that can be a meaningful benefit.

The trade-off: quality of life depends heavily on your income, housing costs, work hours and how far you live from family and friends overseas.

2. A chance to buy an established business

Potential upside

Buying an existing business can give you customers, staff, supplier relationships, equipment and a trading history from day one. Your existing experience could help you assess operations, improve margins and manage the transition.

The trade-off: an established business is not automatically a good investment. You could inherit an ageing customer base, a difficult lease, deferred maintenance or a business that depends heavily on its current owner.

3. A smaller, more geographically limited market

Mixed

A smaller market can make it easier to understand your local competitors and build relationships with customers. Depending on the industry, there may be opportunities in specialist services, trades, tourism or businesses serving established local needs.

The trade-off: New Zealand's relatively small population limits scale in many sectors. Some businesses depend on tourism, imports or a handful of major customers, and expansion can be harder than in a larger economy.

4. Costs, hiring and distance from suppliers

Potential downside

Rent, wages, freight, imported equipment and inventory can put pressure on margins. A small business with limited pricing power may find it difficult to pass these costs on to customers.

Hiring also brings employment-law, payroll and health-and-safety responsibilities. You would need to assess actual local costs rather than assume that a business with attractive headline revenue will be profitable.

5. Distance and a new support network

Potential downside

Moving together can be an exciting shared project, but you may be rebuilding professional networks, finding trusted advisers and learning a new regulatory environment at the same time.

If your existing business currently supports you remotely, you should also consider whether moving would disrupt it or whether it could provide income while you establish yourselves.

The biggest issue: can you move here through your business?

This is the first thing I would investigate, before spending money on a business search.

As of October 2026, New Zealand has a Business Investor Work Visa designed for experienced business people who buy into and actively run an established business. The former Entrepreneur Work Visa is no longer the route to plan around; the new business investor category opened in November 2025. New Business Investor Work Visa is now open :: Immigration New ZealandVisas for investing and doing business in New Zealand :: Immigration New Zealand

Business Investor Work Visa

Current business-ownership immigration pathway

Standard investment

NZ$1 million

Potential residence application after 3 years

Fast-track investment

NZ$2 million

Potential residence application after 12 months

The visa can last up to four years and allows you to include your partner and dependent children, subject to the applicable requirements. You must generally be 55 or younger, demonstrate relevant business experience and English ability, and have at least NZ$500,000 in additional funds to support yourself and your family. Business Investor Work Visa » Immigration New ZealandBusiness Investor Resident Visa » Immigration New Zealand

Official details: Business Investor Work Visa requirements.

There are some important restrictions:

What this means for you: a profitable small business might be an excellent commercial purchase but still be unsuitable for this visa. Conversely, a business that meets the immigration rules might require substantially more capital than you want to commit.

Your partner's ability to work independently will also depend on the visa they receive and its conditions. Check this before building your household budget around two incomes.

If your available capital is well below these investment thresholds, that does not necessarily mean you cannot move to New Zealand. It means you should investigate other visa routes based on your citizenship, qualifications, employment options and circumstances, rather than assume that buying a small business alone will qualify you.

What about taxes and running costs?

New Zealand has a reasonably accessible official support system for setting up and operating businesses, but you will still need to understand the local rules.

  • Company tax: the standard company income tax rate is 28%.
  • GST: the standard rate is 15%, and registration is generally required when taxable turnover exceeds NZ$60,000 in a 12-month period, subject to the applicable rules.
  • Employment: hiring staff creates obligations around wages, leave, employment agreements, payroll and workplace safety.
  • Business acquisition: you should budget for legal and accounting advice, due diligence, working capital and any required upgrades, as well as the purchase price. Starting a companyStarting a businessBuying a business or franchise

Official starting points: Business.govt.nz's business-starting guide and guide to buying a business.

How I would approach the decision

Rather than choosing a town or industry immediately, I would work through these questions in order.

  1. Check your immigration route. Establish whether your experience, citizenship, age and investment funds give you a realistic route to live and work in New Zealand with your partner.
  2. Set your investment limit. Decide how much you can invest without putting your existing business, personal finances or emergency reserves at risk. Include the cost of relocating and living expenses during the transition.
  3. Identify suitable business models. Compare businesses by sustainable owner earnings, staff requirements, resilience to economic changes and how dependent they are on the current owner.
  4. Compare regions using actual numbers. Once you have shortlisted industries, compare purchase prices, rents, wages, customer demand and competition across suitable parts of New Zealand. There is no need to commit to a location first.
  5. Test the lifestyle as well as the investment. Visit for long enough to understand day-to-day life, meet local accountants and business brokers, and discuss how the move would affect both partners' careers and relationships with family overseas.

One particular caution: do not assume you can buy a business first and sort out the visa later. Immigration eligibility and business suitability should be assessed together, and professional due diligence is important even when a business appears to qualify.

Let's make this specific to your circumstances

I can give you a much more useful assessment if I understand three things about your current position.

With those details, I can help you distinguish between a move that is financially and practically achievable, one that depends on a substantial investment, and one where another immigration route may make more sense.

Ask anything

ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Gemini · New Zealand country setting

I already run a small business and I'm considering moving with my partner to buy or run one in New Zealand. We haven't chosen the type of business or where to base it. Would moving to New Zealand make sense for me? What would be the main upsides and downsides?

Moving to New Zealand to buy or run a small business is an exciting venture, but it comes with a unique set of economic, regulatory, and lifestyle considerations.

Below is an overview of the main upsides and downsides to help you evaluate whether New Zealand aligns with your business goals and lifestyle expectations.


## The Upsides

  • Ease of Doing Business: New Zealand consistently ranks near the top globally for the ease of setting up and operating a business. Bureaucracy is generally transparent, and you can register a company online within minutes through the Companies Office.
  • Stable Regulatory and Legal Environment: The country boasts low levels of corruption, robust property and contract rights, and a straightforward tax system.
  • High Quality of Life: New Zealand offers a renowned work-life balance, stunning natural landscapes, clean air, safe communities, and a family-friendly environment that appeals to many entrepreneurs looking to escape high-stress urban centers.
  • Tourism and Niche Markets: For businesses in tourism, hospitality, specialty food and beverage, or export-driven primary industries, New Zealand's strong global reputation for quality ("100% Pure New Zealand") provides a built-in marketing advantage.
  • Government and Business Support: Organizations like New Zealand Trade and Enterprise (NZTE), regional Business Growth Advisors, and the Canterbury/Auckland/etc. Chambers of Commerce offer accessible networks, mentoring, and occasional funding pathways for small businesses.

## The Downsides

  • Small Domestic Market: With a population of just over 5 million, New Zealand has a relatively small internal market. Scaling a business heavily relies on domestic consumer spending or successfully pivoting to export markets.
  • Geographic Isolation: Being located in the South Pacific means long and costly supply chains. Importing raw materials or equipment and exporting goods can involve high freight costs and longer transit times.
  • Lower Wage Environment and Productivity: Compared to North America, the UK, or parts of Europe, New Zealand’s average wages are lower, and national productivity growth has historically been a challenge. Consumer purchasing power can also be tighter.
  • Cost of Living and Housing: Major centers (and lifestyle hotspots like Queenstown or Wanaka) feature high costs for housing, commercial real estate, and utilities relative to local earnings.
  • Immigration Hurdles: Buying or running a business requires navigating New Zealand's immigration policies. Simply purchasing a business does not automatically grant residency. You will need to qualify for specific visas—such as the Entrepreneur Resident Visa or specific work visas—which have strict requirements regarding capital investment, job creation, and business viability.

## Key Questions to Consider

Before making a decision, it helps to narrow down a few fundamentals with your partner:

  1. Visa Pathways: Are you eligible for the appropriate business or investor visas, and are you prepared to meet Immigration New Zealand's financial and employment thresholds?
  2. Scalability vs. Lifestyle: Are you looking for a lifestyle-sustaining business (like a regional motel, café, or local service) or a high-growth scalable enterprise (like tech, SaaS, or specialized manufacturing)?
  3. Market Research: Have you explored which sectors are currently underserved or facing labor shortages in New Zealand?

Would you like to explore specific visa categories for business owners, or look into which industries currently perform well in New Zealand's economy?

Ask Gemini

Gemini is AI and can make mistakes.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Google AI Mode · New Zealand country setting

I already run a small business and I'm considering moving with my partner to buy or run one in New Zealand. We haven't chosen the type of business or where to base it. Would moving to New Zealand make sense for me? What would be the main upsides and downsides?

Moving your life and entrepreneurial focus to New Zealand is a major pivot. Because you already run a small business, you likely possess the resilience and adaptability required, but the local economic and regulatory landscape brings unique variables.

Evaluating whether this move makes sense involves weighing the core advantages against the structural hurdles.

Does it make sense for you?

It tends to make sense if you are seeking a profound lifestyle shift, a safe and stable environment, and are prepared to navigate a small, tightly-knit, and geographically isolated market. It is less ideal if you are looking for rapid, massive scaling opportunities right on your doorstep, or if you want an effortless immigration process without significant capital.


The Main Upsides

  • Ease of Doing Business: New Zealand consistently ranks near the top globally for the ease of starting and running a business. Bureaucracy is relatively streamlined, and tax compliance and company registration via the New Zealand Companies Office are straightforward and digital.

  • Lifestyle and Environment: Unmatched access to nature, a clean environment, low traffic congestion outside peak main-center hours, and an emphasis on a healthy work-life balance.

  • Safety and Stability: A remarkably stable political environment, low corruption, strong social trust, and a secure place to raise a family or plan long-term.

  • Supportive Local Ecosystem: Regional economic development agencies (like Callaghan Innovation for tech/R&D or local Chambers of Commerce) actively assist small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) to network and scale.

  • Clear Pathways (with Capital): Immigration pathways like the Business Investor Work Visa offer structured routes to residency if you are buying into established local enterprises with meaningful capital investment.


The Main Downsides

  • Small Market Size: With a population just over 5 million, the domestic market is small. Scaling a business often requires looking outward to Australia or global export markets early on, which increases logistical costs due to New Zealand's remote location.

  • Higher Cost of Living and Logistics: Importing goods, shipping products internationally, and general overhead (such as commercial rent and utilities in main hubs) can be high. Distance from major global supply chains adds friction.

  • Stiff Productivity and Labor Challenges: Finding specialized local talent can be difficult because of a smaller talent pool and a tendency for skilled workers to look overseas (e.g., to Australia). New Zealand also faces persistent productivity growth challenges.

  • Strict Immigration Thresholds: Moving specifically to run a business requires meeting strict criteria. For instance, the Business Investor Work Visa requires a substantial minimum investment (typically starting at NZD $1 million for an existing business), proof of prior experience, and job-creation commitments.

  • Distance from Family/Global Hubs: The "tyranny of distance" means long, expensive flights to visit family or attend overseas markets in North America, Europe, or even Asia. [Immigration New Zealand]

To help narrow down whether this is a viable path for you, tell me:

  • What industry or sector is your current small business in?
  • Roughly what level of capital are you looking to deploy or invest?

I can share more targeted insights on market demand or the precise visa mechanics for your situation.

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026

AI Overviews · New Zealand country setting

I already run a small business and I'm considering moving with my partner to buy or run one in New Zealand. We haven't chosen the type of business or where to base it. Would moving to New Zealand make sense for me? What would be the main upsides and downsides?

AI Overview

Moving to New Zealand to buy or run a business can make sense if you prioritize long-term lifestyle, ease of doing business, and safety over massive market scale. However, the viability of your move heavily depends on your ability to meet Immigration New Zealand's strict entrepreneurial visa pathways. Because New Zealand has a relatively small, isolated population of around 5.1 million people , local market sizes are limited, which is a critical variable for any business owner.

⚖️ Upsides vs. Downsides of Doing Business in New Zealand

Feature ☀️ The Upsides 🌧️ The Downsides
Business Climate Highly streamlined; consistently ranks among the easiest countries globally to start a business. Low corruption. Small domestic market. Scaling a business locally is limited by the low population ceiling.
Geographic Reality Pristine, world-class natural landscapes right on your doorstep. Excellent work-life balance. Extreme geographical isolation. Supply chains are vulnerable, and international shipping or travel is costly and time-consuming.
Lifestyle & Culture Safe, low-stress, and family-friendly environment with a relaxed culture. High cost of living. Groceries, utilities, and domestic travel face a premium "isolation tax".
Workforce Dynamics Casual, collaborative workplace culture and an educated populace. High minimum wages and labor costs. Finding specialized talent can be tough due to domestic brain drains.

🔑 Critical Barriers to Consider Before You Move

1. The Visa Hurdle (Entrepreneur Pathways)

You cannot simply arrive and buy a business on a standard visitor or working visa. You will generally need to target specific pathways managed by Immigration New Zealand:

  • Entrepreneur Work Visa: This usually requires a minimum capital investment of NZD $100,000 , a comprehensive business plan, and a specific points-scale settlement target.
  • Active Investor Plus Visa: Aimed at high-net-worth individuals, requiring significantly higher indirect or direct economic investments into New Zealand enterprises.

2. Property Restrictions

Under New Zealand law, only residents and citizens are generally permitted to buy residential property. If you move on a temporary business or entrepreneurial visa, you and your partner will need to factor the high costs of renting commercial and residential spaces into your initial operational runway.

3. Sector Limitations

Because the population is small, successful small businesses often fall into two categories:

  • Hyper-local services: Hospitality, tourism, construction, or trades that serve an immediate geographic community.
  • Export-focused niches: Digital/SaaS companies, agricultural tech, or specialized goods that tap into international markets, bypassing the physical constraints of New Zealand's small domestic consumer base.

To help narrow down whether this move aligns with your goals, could you share a bit more background?

  • What industry or sector is your current small business in?
  • Are you looking to launch a business that serves local customers , or one that operates digitally/globally?
  • What is your approximate timeline, and do you intend to bring dependents or family members with you?
Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026