Evidence · Immigration

Immigration: questions, answers and evidence

Read all 797 original answers and the tables behind the findings. The 27 missing answers are from the China comparison on three platforms.

questions
143
captured answers
797
missing responses
27
answers collected
15–20 October 2026

01

Every question, with its answers

Each question was written as a voter would ask it and went to all four assistants. Some were also asked from a town. Open a question to read every answer to it in full.

Showing 20 of 143 questions

02

The tables behind the study

Every figure on the study page comes from these tables. They are CSV files, which open in any spreadsheet.

  • Complete AI answers

    answers.csv

    One complete original answer, with the question, platform, country setting and migrant profile.

    question_id, surface_code, location_ref, result_id, prompt_id, platform, scan_id, collection_panel, question_text, response_text

  • The questions we asked

    question-catalogue.csv

    One question with the migrant profile, wording and purpose.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Planned questions, platforms and countries

    execution-assignments.csv

    One question, platform and country we planned to collect an answer from.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • The 27 missing answers

    missing-cells.csv

    One expected answer that was not collected.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • Locations named for each migrant profile

    location-by-persona.csv

    How often a place was named in the twelve New Zealand answers for each migrant profile.

    persona, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles, wording_count, surface_count

  • Locations named across question wordings

    location-by-wording.csv

    One profile, platform and place, showing which versions of the question led to an answer naming the place.

    persona, surface, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles

  • Locations named by collection country

    location-by-region.csv

    One place and country setting; the China comparison has nine answers on Google AI Mode only.

    region, place, answers, denominator, surfaces

  • Eight countries on Google AI Mode

    location-ai-mode-eight-regions.csv

    One place and country across the same nine questions on Google AI Mode.

    region, place, answers, denominator

  • Matched local and overseas answers

    matched-region-answer-pairs.csv

    A New Zealand answer alongside the same question and platform using another country setting.

    region, surface, persona, question_id, result_id, nz_result_id, same_place_set, jaccard, added_names, omitted_names

  • Topics explicitly raised in the answers

    signals-by-output-platform.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by topic and platform.

    output, surface, signal, answers, denominator

  • Topics raised for each migrant profile

    signals-by-persona-output.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by migrant profile and topic.

    output, persona, signal, answers, denominator

  • Website addresses in captured answers

    captured-answer-links.csv

    Web addresses saved in the original answers, with image and file links identified.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, url, domain, host_class, image_or_asset

  • Extra table: links excluding images and files

    captured-links-by-platform.csv

    One platform across the same 143 New Zealand questions. The table excludes image and file links; the main Sources section counts those links.

    surface, denominator, answers_with_links, answers_with_govt_links

  • Captured answer lengths

    platform-answer-length.csv

    One platform across the same 143 local questions.

    surface, answers, median_words, mean_words

  • Recorded websites by answer

    sources-by-answer.csv

    Each website recorded as a source for an answer, with the page addresses and number of statements linked to the website.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, publisher, claim_count, source_urls

  • Recorded sources and their original claims

    source-claim-ledger.csv

    Sources attached to individual statements, with the original answer, quotation and source passage.

    narrative_id, claim_id, question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, url, source_passage, claim_quote, quote_exact

  • Answers with sources and answers with links

    source-answer-coverage.csv

    Each New Zealand answer, showing whether sources were recorded and whether the answer text contains a web link.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, associated_websites, had_sources, literal_url_answer

  • Website publisher classifications

    source-publisher-classification.csv

    Each website, the type of organisation behind the website and the reason for the category. Unconfirmed types remain Other.

    domain, publisher, basis, source

  • Tone toward each place

    place-sentiment-ledger.csv

    One named place in one answer, with the positive, neutral, negative or mixed label, supporting passages and reason. All 108 New Zealand answers about where to live were reviewed.

    result_id, question_id, prompt_id, persona, assistant, region, place, stance, paragraph_numbers, supporting_passages, display_passage, reason, answer_sha256, reviewed_on

  • Facts supplied in each question

    prompt-reporting-eligibility.csv

    Every question, with corrected descriptions of the facts stated and limits on interpreting its answers.

    question_id, reviewed_on, prompt_sha256, original_stated_facts, corrected_stated_facts, metadata_changed, destination_explicit, descriptive_counts_included, interpretation_rule

  • Sources across question styles

    source-wording-incidence.csv

    One website, profile, topic and platform, with answer totals, question styles and the original answer references.

    persona, output, surface, domain, answers_with_source, eligible_answers, wording_styles_with_source, eligible_wording_styles, observed_styles, eligible_styles, answer_ids, by_style

  • Questions with corrected fact descriptions

    question-catalogue-reviewed.csv

    The unchanged original question text with fact descriptions reviewed on 28 October 2026.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Statements checked against official sources

    statement-checks.csv

    One checked statement, with its exact passage, verdict, official source, review date and original answer reference.

    check_id, measure_id, question_checked, result_id, prompt_id, question_id, persona, assistant, wording, exact_statement, verdict, what_the_source_says, source_name, source_url, checked_on, answer_sha256

  • Policy questions covered by the checks

    statement-measures.csv

    One policy question, showing checked statements, original answers and the question wordings represented.

    measure_id, question_checked, checked_statements, distinct_answers, wording_styles_with_checked_assertions, wording_styles, answer_ids, question_ids, scope

Use the question and answer numbers to follow the evidence between tables. Locations named in warnings and comparisons count. Sources attached to an answer and web links in the answer text are counted separately.

03

The reviewed evidence

We read all 108 New Zealand answers about where to live to assess the tone toward each named place. A separate selection of 41 answers explores practical advice and contrasts across topics. The original policy checks were made on 22 October and expanded on 28 October 2026; verdicts cover selected statements, not every answer.

ChatGPT · New Zealand country setting

what should someone with an undergraduate degree check before choosing postgraduate study in New Zealand on a limited budget if they want to work afterwards?

If someone already has an undergraduate degree, has a limited budget, and wants to work in New Zealand after postgraduate study, the best approach is to choose a qualification based on employment outcomes, total cost, and post-study work eligibility—not just the university's reputation or the course title.

A postgraduate qualification can improve career prospects, but it does not automatically lead to a job or the right to stay and work in New Zealand. The important thing is to check the following before paying a deposit or accepting an offer.

1. The seven things to check first

  1. Whether employers actually want the qualification
  • Search current New Zealand job advertisements in the intended field.
  • Check whether employers require a master's degree, accept a postgraduate diploma, or prioritise work experience and professional registration.
  • Look at entry-level and graduate roles, not just senior positions.
  • Identify the skills, software, certifications and practical experience employers repeatedly request.
  1. The cheapest qualification that meets the career goal

Compare a postgraduate certificate, postgraduate diploma, master's degree and relevant professional qualifications. A shorter qualification may be sufficient if employers value it, but it may have different immigration consequences.

Check whether the new qualification builds on the undergraduate degree or requires a major career change. Avoid paying for another qualification that largely repeats what the person already knows.

  1. Post-study work rights

Check the current rules from Immigration New Zealand (INZ) for the exact qualification, level, duration and study arrangement. Confirm whether the course can qualify for a Post Study Work Visa, how long the visa could last, and whether the intended occupation is eligible under the applicable rules.

Do not assume every postgraduate diploma or master's degree leads to the same work rights. Eligibility also depends on the applicant's circumstances and the immigration rules in force at the time.

  1. The true cost of studying

Calculate tuition for the entire programme, compulsory fees, rent, food, transport, insurance, equipment and visa-related costs. Include the possibility of needing extra time to finish or finding work only after graduation.

International students should separately check the applicable student-visa financial requirements. Do not rely on part-time work to cover all living costs or tuition.

  1. Accreditation and professional registration

If the target career is regulated, check whether the qualification is recognised by the relevant New Zealand professional body. This matters in areas such as teaching, nursing, engineering and certain other regulated professions.

A university qualification is not necessarily the same as meeting registration, licensing or professional membership requirements.

  1. Work experience and employer connections

Compare programmes offering internships, industry projects, clinical placements where applicable, employer partnerships and practical portfolios. Ask for graduate employment information and how it was measured.

For someone on a tight budget, a course with meaningful work experience can be more valuable than a more expensive qualification with little employer contact.

  1. The route from graduation to longer-term employment

Check what happens after any post-study work permission ends. Research employer-sponsored work visa requirements, relevant residence pathways, and whether the occupation is likely to offer realistic opportunities.

Treat residence as a separate question from employability: getting a job, qualifying for a work visa and qualifying for residence are three different things.

2. Understand the New Zealand post-study work visa rules

This is one of the most important checks for someone planning to study in New Zealand specifically to work afterwards.

The official source is Immigration New Zealand: Post Study Work Visa.

For an international student, the main points to investigate are:

  • Master's degree (Level 9): generally, completing at least 30 weeks of full-time study in New Zealand in the master's programme can support eligibility for a Post Study Work Visa of up to three years, subject to all requirements.
  • Postgraduate diploma (Level 8): an eligible qualification may support a Post Study Work Visa, but the duration and study requirements differ from a master's.
  • Graduate diploma (Level 7): be particularly careful. INZ has announced an extension taking effect on 16 November 2026 for eligible graduates who already hold a bachelor's degree, including one earned overseas. The announced visa duration is up to the time spent studying the graduate diploma, capped at one year, subject to the detailed eligibility conditions.
  • Previous post-study work visa: a person who has already held a Post Study Work Visa generally cannot obtain another one.

Sources: INZ qualification requirements and INZ's November 2026 changes. Qualifications needed for a Post-Study Work Visa :: Immigration New ZealandPost-Study Work Visa eligibility extended from 16 November 2026 :: Immigration New ZealandPost-Study Work Visa » Immigration New Zealand

Important: If choosing a course now for a future intake, verify the rules that will apply when the student completes the course and applies for the visa. Don't rely solely on a university's marketing page or an agent's verbal assurance.

3. Work out the actual financial commitment

For international students, official New Zealand study guidance gives an indicative postgraduate tuition range of around NZ$20,000–$45,000, with living costs on top. Actual fees vary substantially by provider, subject and programme. Tuition fees and cost of living

A sensible budget should include:

Expense What to check
Tuition Total programme fee, annual increases and compulsory charges
Living costs Rent, food, utilities and transport for the full study period
Immigration Visa application, medical examinations and any required insurance
Course costs Laptop, books, equipment, placements and fieldwork
Income gap Savings for the period between graduation and securing a job
Emergency fund Unexpected costs or a delayed job offer

Ways to reduce costs include:

  • Compare the total cost of similar qualifications across providers, rather than comparing tuition alone.
  • Check scholarships, fee discounts and research funding directly with universities.
  • Consider a shorter programme only if it meets the career and visa requirements.
  • Compare living expenses and accommodation options in different parts of New Zealand without assuming that the cheapest location has the best job prospects.
  • If eligible for domestic fees, confirm the fee classification before budgeting; domestic and international tuition can differ considerably.

For international students, Study with New Zealand's cost guide is a useful starting point. Tuition fees and cost of livingWays to pay for study and training

4. Check whether the career has realistic job opportunities

Before choosing a subject, search for at least 15–20 current job advertisements in New Zealand for roles the person could realistically enter after graduation.

Record:

  • The job title and typical starting salary.
  • Whether a relevant degree is required.
  • Whether entry-level applicants are accepted.
  • Whether experience is required even for graduate roles.
  • Whether employers require professional registration.
  • Whether the employer's visa requirements match the applicant's situation.

Useful official resources:

Don't choose a course based solely on claims that an industry is experiencing a skills shortage. A shortage does not guarantee a graduate job, a suitable visa or residence eligibility.

5. Compare qualifications by value, not just price

A useful comparison is to shortlist three programmes that lead towards the same type of work.

Factor Programme A Programme B Programme C
Total tuition Check Check Check
Duration Check Check Check
Post-study visa eligibility Verify Verify Verify
Internship or industry project Check Check Check
Registration requirements Check Check Check
Graduate employment evidence Request Request Request
Scholarship or funding Check Check Check

The best option is usually the one with the strongest combination of affordability, recognised skills, practical experience and realistic employment prospects.

One especially important point: don't assume a cheaper, shorter qualification is better value if it substantially reduces work opportunities or changes post-study visa eligibility. Conversely, don't spend significantly more on a master's degree if a less expensive qualification would lead to the same job.

6. A final checklist before paying a deposit

Pre-enrolment checklist

0 of 8

I have identified real entry-level jobs related to this course.

I have compared at least three programmes and their total costs.

I have checked the qualification level and exact post-study visa rules.

I have confirmed the provider and programme are appropriately recognised.

I have checked registration or licensing requirements, if applicable.

I have a realistic funding plan that does not depend on finding a job immediately.

I have investigated scholarships and funding options.

I have a backup plan if I cannot secure suitable work after graduating.

Copy checklist

My recommendation

For someone with an undergraduate degree and limited funds, I would start by identifying the specific job they want in New Zealand, then work backwards to the least expensive recognised qualification that improves their chances of getting that job and supports their intended visa pathway.

The right recommendation depends heavily on one distinction: whether the person is already eligible for domestic tuition and work rights, or is an international student who needs a visa to remain in New Zealand.

Is the person a New Zealand citizen/resident, or an international student who would need a student visa and post-study work visa? That will make a substantial difference to which options are financially sensible.

Ask anything

ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Gemini · New Zealand country setting

what should someone with an undergraduate degree check before choosing postgraduate study in New Zealand on a limited budget if they want to work afterwards?

Choosing postgraduate study in New Zealand on a limited budget requires careful evaluation, especially if your primary goal is securing local employment afterward. Because postgraduate fees and living costs can add up quickly, you should systematically check several critical factors before committing funds.


1. Total Upfront Costs vs. Realistic Living Expenses

  • Tuition Fees (Domestic vs. International): Domestic students (New Zealand citizens and permanent residents) benefit from heavily subsidized tuition and potential government schemes (such as Fees Free for eligible first-time learners). If you are an international student, expect full tuition rates ranging from NZD $25,000 to $50,000+ per year depending on the faculty (Humanities are generally cheaper; Engineering, Tech, and Health Sciences are higher).
  • Living Cost Requirements: Immigration New Zealand mandates proof of at least NZD $20,000 per year for living expenses, though actual urban living costs (especially in Auckland and Wellington) frequently run higher when factoring in private rent, utilities, transport, and compulsory health insurance.

2. Post-Study Work Rights and Visa Pathways

  • Post-Study Work Visa (PSWV): A qualification studied full-time in New Zealand can unlock a PSWV allowing you to stay and work for up to 3 years, depending on the level and duration of your study.
  • Critical Skill Alignment: Check whether the qualification leads to occupations listed on New Zealand's skill shortage lists. Programs aligned with ongoing workforce gaps (such as specific engineering disciplines, IT specializations, and health roles) typically offer smoother transitions from study to employment and clearer pathways to residency.

3. Regional Cost-of-Living and Employment Markets

  • University Location Trade-offs: Major metropolitan hubs like Auckland and Wellington offer larger job markets but feature significantly higher rental and living costs. Conversely, regional universities (such as the University of Otago in Dunedin or the University of Canterbury in Christchurch) often feature lower housing overheads, making them easier to sustain on a tight budget.
  • Local Industry Clusters: Ensure the region you study in has an active job market for your specific field. For instance, tech and corporate finance roles concentrate heavily in Auckland and Wellington, whereas engineering, agriculture, and healthcare opportunities are distributed more regionally.

4. Part-Time Work Viability During Study

  • The 20-Hour Rule: Student visas generally permit international students to work up to 20 hours per week during study terms and full-time during scheduled holidays.
  • Budget Realism: While part-time work helps offset daily living expenses, it rarely covers full tuition fees. Verify the local availability of student-friendly part-time jobs (hospitality, retail, campus roles) in your chosen university town before relying on that income stream.

5. Program Duration and Return on Investment (ROI)

  • Short vs. Long Qualifications: Shorter options (such as a 1-year Postgraduate Diploma or a 180-credit taught Master's degree) minimize total living expenses and time out of the full-time workforce compared to a traditional 2-year research Master's.
  • Graduate Employment Outcomes: Investigate institutional employment rates and whether the program integrates practical components like industry projects, internships, or professional networking events that shorten your post-graduation job search timeline.
Ask Gemini

Gemini is AI and can make mistakes.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Google AI Mode · New Zealand country setting

what should someone with an undergraduate degree check before choosing postgraduate study in New Zealand on a limited budget if they want to work afterwards?

Choosing postgraduate study in New Zealand on a limited budget—with the ultimate goal of securing employment—requires balancing tuition costs, living expenses, and post-study work rights. Whether you are a domestic or international student, here are the critical things you should check:

  • Post-Study Work Visa (PSWV) Eligibility: If you are an international student, verify that your specific postgraduate qualification (such as a Postgraduate Diploma or Master's degree) explicitly qualifies for the Post-Study Work Visa through Immigration New Zealand. Note that qualification level requirements and durations dictate how long you can legally stay and work after graduating.

  • Total Cost of Living and Tuition Fees: Look beyond the annual tuition sticker price. Factor in compulsory student services fees, mandatory health and travel insurance (often required for international students), and realistic weekly living costs for your chosen region (e.g., accommodation and transport in Auckland vs. smaller regional university towns).

  • Work Rights During Study: Check how many hours you are legally permitted to work while enrolled. For instance, many student visa frameworks allow up to 25 hours per week during term time and full-time during scheduled holidays, which can significantly offset a tight budget.

  • Employment Outcomes and Industry Demand: Research the employment rate and average graduate salary for your specific postgraduate path. Check if your target field aligns with New Zealand's skill shortage lists or Green Lists, which can heavily influence your ease of transitioning from study to a stable career.

  • Scholarships and Financial Aid: Check university websites and government portals like Education New Zealand for merit-based or targeted postgraduate scholarships that offset tuition or living expenses. If you plan to pursue a PhD, remember that international PhD students at New Zealand universities often pay domestic tuition rates.

  • Duration and Return on Investment: Calculate the opportunity cost. A shorter 1-year Postgraduate Diploma or a 180-point Master’s degree costs less in both tuition and living expenses compared to a full 2-year Master's program, while still potentially granting identical or sufficient post-study work rights.

If you'd like, let me know:

  • Whether you are a domestic or international student
  • Your intended field of study or career goal

I can help you compare program types and estimate total budgeting factors.

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026

AI Overviews · New Zealand country setting

what should someone with an undergraduate degree check before choosing postgraduate study in New Zealand on a limited budget if they want to work afterwards?

AI Overview

Choosing postgraduate study in New Zealand on a limited budget with the goal of working afterward requires balancing tuition costs , living expenses , and visa work rights.

1. Level of Study & Visa Work Rights

Your postgraduate choice directly dictates your post-study work options. Under Immigration New Zealand rules, completing a Level 8 qualification (Postgraduate Diploma) or a Level 9 qualification (Master's Degree) guarantees a Post-Study Work Visa.

  • Taught Master’s (Level 9): Often takes 1 to 1.5 years (180 points). This is a faster route to graduation, which reduces overall living expenses. It grants a 3-year open work visa upon completion.
  • Postgraduate Diploma (Level 8): Usually takes 1 year. It is cheaper than a full Master’s, but check the Immigration New Zealand requirements, as shorter Level 8 courses may grant a shorter post-study work visa than a Master's degree.

2. Taught vs. Research Student Work Rights

Look into whether a programme is classified as "Taught" or "Research," as this impacts your cash flow while studying:

  • Taught Programmes: You are typically restricted to working 20 to 25 hours per week during semesters and full-time during scheduled breaks.
  • Research Master's: If your course is a thesis-based research Master's, you may be granted unlimited, full-time work rights year-round while studying.

3. Tuition Cost vs. Institution Type

Do not just look at major universities. New Zealand offers different types of tertiary providers:

  • Te Pūkenga (Institutes of Technology and Polytechnics): Vocational postgraduate diplomas or Master's degrees here are often significantly cheaper than traditional university tuition while still carrying full visa rights.
  • Universities: Compare 120-point vs. 180-point Master's tracks. A 180-point Master’s can accept you straight from a Bachelor's degree and be completed in 12–18 months, saving you a full year of living costs.

4. Immigration New Zealand Financial Proof

Even on a budget, you must prove you can afford to live. To secure a student visa, you must show evidence of upfront funds:

  • Living Costs: You must prove you have at least NZD $20,000 per year (or $1,667 per month) for living expenses, separate from your tuition fees.
  • Tuition: You must show you have paid or have funds for the first year of tuition.

5. Alignment with the Green List

If your goal is to stay and work long-term, your postgraduate field should align with the New Zealand Green List. The Green List highlights high-demand, skill-shortage occupations (like engineering, health, ICT, and teaching) that offer fast-tracked or straight-to-residence pathways. Studying an aligned subject makes finding an accredited employer after graduation much easier.


To help look at specific options, what subject or industry did you do your undergraduate degree in? If you have an idea of how much total budget you have set aside, sharing that can help narrow down the institutions.

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026