Evidence · Immigration

Immigration: questions, answers and evidence

Read all 797 original answers and the tables behind the findings. The 27 missing answers are from the China comparison on three platforms.

questions
143
captured answers
797
missing responses
27
answers collected
15–20 October 2026

01

Every question, with its answers

Each question was written as a voter would ask it and went to all four assistants. Some were also asked from a town. Open a question to read every answer to it in full.

Showing 20 of 143 questions

02

The tables behind the study

Every figure on the study page comes from these tables. They are CSV files, which open in any spreadsheet.

  • Complete AI answers

    answers.csv

    One complete original answer, with the question, platform, country setting and migrant profile.

    question_id, surface_code, location_ref, result_id, prompt_id, platform, scan_id, collection_panel, question_text, response_text

  • The questions we asked

    question-catalogue.csv

    One question with the migrant profile, wording and purpose.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Planned questions, platforms and countries

    execution-assignments.csv

    One question, platform and country we planned to collect an answer from.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • The 27 missing answers

    missing-cells.csv

    One expected answer that was not collected.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • Locations named for each migrant profile

    location-by-persona.csv

    How often a place was named in the twelve New Zealand answers for each migrant profile.

    persona, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles, wording_count, surface_count

  • Locations named across question wordings

    location-by-wording.csv

    One profile, platform and place, showing which versions of the question led to an answer naming the place.

    persona, surface, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles

  • Locations named by collection country

    location-by-region.csv

    One place and country setting; the China comparison has nine answers on Google AI Mode only.

    region, place, answers, denominator, surfaces

  • Eight countries on Google AI Mode

    location-ai-mode-eight-regions.csv

    One place and country across the same nine questions on Google AI Mode.

    region, place, answers, denominator

  • Matched local and overseas answers

    matched-region-answer-pairs.csv

    A New Zealand answer alongside the same question and platform using another country setting.

    region, surface, persona, question_id, result_id, nz_result_id, same_place_set, jaccard, added_names, omitted_names

  • Topics explicitly raised in the answers

    signals-by-output-platform.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by topic and platform.

    output, surface, signal, answers, denominator

  • Topics raised for each migrant profile

    signals-by-persona-output.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by migrant profile and topic.

    output, persona, signal, answers, denominator

  • Website addresses in captured answers

    captured-answer-links.csv

    Web addresses saved in the original answers, with image and file links identified.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, url, domain, host_class, image_or_asset

  • Extra table: links excluding images and files

    captured-links-by-platform.csv

    One platform across the same 143 New Zealand questions. The table excludes image and file links; the main Sources section counts those links.

    surface, denominator, answers_with_links, answers_with_govt_links

  • Captured answer lengths

    platform-answer-length.csv

    One platform across the same 143 local questions.

    surface, answers, median_words, mean_words

  • Recorded websites by answer

    sources-by-answer.csv

    Each website recorded as a source for an answer, with the page addresses and number of statements linked to the website.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, publisher, claim_count, source_urls

  • Recorded sources and their original claims

    source-claim-ledger.csv

    Sources attached to individual statements, with the original answer, quotation and source passage.

    narrative_id, claim_id, question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, url, source_passage, claim_quote, quote_exact

  • Answers with sources and answers with links

    source-answer-coverage.csv

    Each New Zealand answer, showing whether sources were recorded and whether the answer text contains a web link.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, associated_websites, had_sources, literal_url_answer

  • Website publisher classifications

    source-publisher-classification.csv

    Each website, the type of organisation behind the website and the reason for the category. Unconfirmed types remain Other.

    domain, publisher, basis, source

  • Tone toward each place

    place-sentiment-ledger.csv

    One named place in one answer, with the positive, neutral, negative or mixed label, supporting passages and reason. All 108 New Zealand answers about where to live were reviewed.

    result_id, question_id, prompt_id, persona, assistant, region, place, stance, paragraph_numbers, supporting_passages, display_passage, reason, answer_sha256, reviewed_on

  • Facts supplied in each question

    prompt-reporting-eligibility.csv

    Every question, with corrected descriptions of the facts stated and limits on interpreting its answers.

    question_id, reviewed_on, prompt_sha256, original_stated_facts, corrected_stated_facts, metadata_changed, destination_explicit, descriptive_counts_included, interpretation_rule

  • Sources across question styles

    source-wording-incidence.csv

    One website, profile, topic and platform, with answer totals, question styles and the original answer references.

    persona, output, surface, domain, answers_with_source, eligible_answers, wording_styles_with_source, eligible_wording_styles, observed_styles, eligible_styles, answer_ids, by_style

  • Questions with corrected fact descriptions

    question-catalogue-reviewed.csv

    The unchanged original question text with fact descriptions reviewed on 28 October 2026.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Statements checked against official sources

    statement-checks.csv

    One checked statement, with its exact passage, verdict, official source, review date and original answer reference.

    check_id, measure_id, question_checked, result_id, prompt_id, question_id, persona, assistant, wording, exact_statement, verdict, what_the_source_says, source_name, source_url, checked_on, answer_sha256

  • Policy questions covered by the checks

    statement-measures.csv

    One policy question, showing checked statements, original answers and the question wordings represented.

    measure_id, question_checked, checked_statements, distinct_answers, wording_styles_with_checked_assertions, wording_styles, answer_ids, question_ids, scope

Use the question and answer numbers to follow the evidence between tables. Locations named in warnings and comparisons count. Sources attached to an answer and web links in the answer text are counted separately.

03

The reviewed evidence

We read all 108 New Zealand answers about where to live to assess the tone toward each named place. A separate selection of 41 answers explores practical advice and contrasts across topics. The original policy checks were made on 22 October and expanded on 28 October 2026; verdicts cover selected statements, not every answer.

ChatGPT · New Zealand country setting

I have an undergraduate degree and I'm considering postgraduate study on a limited budget, with the goal of working after I graduate. What should I sort out before I decide whether to move?

If you already have an undergraduate degree, the smartest next step is to choose postgraduate study based on the job it can realistically lead to, the total cost of getting qualified, and whether you can afford to live where you study.

Since your budget is limited and you want to work after graduating, I would sort out the following before deciding whether to move within New Zealand or study somewhere else.

1. Check the career outcome before choosing a qualification

Start with the job you want, rather than the postgraduate programme that sounds most interesting.

  • Identify 2–3 target job titles. Look at the qualifications employers actually request in job advertisements.
  • Check whether your undergraduate degree is enough. You may be able to enter your target field without paying for another qualification.
  • Check professional registration requirements. Some careers require an approved qualification, supervised practice, registration or specific accreditation.
  • Investigate employment prospects. Look for entry-level opportunities, not just senior roles or general claims about industry demand.

A postgraduate diploma, professional master's or research degree can have very different costs and employment outcomes. The most expensive option is not automatically the most employable.

2. Work out the full cost before you relocate

Don't compare tuition fees alone. Calculate the cost of completing the programme and supporting yourself until you can secure work.

Build a realistic study budget

Compare at least two programmes, including one that lets you stay where you are.

Estimated budget for the full study period

$32,000

Estimated funding gap

$26,000

Reset

Illustrative calculator only. Excludes unexpected costs, interest, income tax adjustments and job-search time after graduation. Enter funding only when you have a reasonable basis for expecting it.

3. Check what financial support you're actually eligible for

Before accepting an offer, investigate:

  • Student Loan: whether you're eligible for compulsory fees, course-related costs and living costs.
  • Student Allowance: don't assume you'll receive one. StudyLink says postgraduate students generally qualify only when undertaking a bachelor's degree with honours, subject to eligibility criteria.
  • Scholarships and research funding: check university scholarships, faculty awards, paid research assistantships and funded projects.
  • Part-time employment: check whether the course timetable leaves enough time to work without compromising your grades.
  • Tuition status: establish whether you'll pay domestic or international fees, as this can substantially change the economics of studying.

Start with the official StudyLink postgraduate study guidance and ways to pay for study. Eligibility for loans and allowances depends on your circumstances. Postgraduate studyHow to pay for study

4. Compare the destination, not just the university

If relocating is optional, compare the cost of staying put with the cost of moving.

Factor What to establish
Accommodation Rent, bond, utilities and whether student housing is available
Transport Whether you can reach campus and potential workplaces affordably
Programme delivery Whether part-time, online or flexible study is possible
Employment Availability of relevant entry-level jobs, internships and placements
Support network Whether moving means losing affordable housing, family help or existing work
Relocation risk What happens financially if you don't find a suitable job after graduation

A useful rule: move only if the benefit of studying at the destination justifies the additional cost. A programme with strong industry connections, essential practical training or access to a specific career pathway may justify moving. A similar qualification available locally may not.

5. Confirm the path from graduation to employment

This is particularly important when you're investing money you cannot easily replace.

Before enrolling, ask the programme coordinator:

  • What proportion of recent graduates found relevant work, and how soon?
  • Which employers recruit from this programme?
  • Are internships, industry projects or work placements included?
  • Can students build professional networks before graduation?
  • What extra registration or certification costs might be required?

Search current job advertisements for your target roles and compare the required qualifications with the programme syllabus. If possible, talk to two or three graduates about their actual job-search experience.

6. Check immigration and work rights if relevant

If you're an international student, distinguish between permission to work during study and permission to remain in New Zealand after graduation.

Immigration New Zealand's current guidance says eligible graduates may qualify for a Post Study Work Visa, depending on their qualification and study circumstances. For example, eligible master's and doctoral graduates who complete at least 30 weeks of full-time study in New Zealand may qualify for up to three years. Eligibility is not automatic, and you should check the exact programme before paying a deposit. Post-Study Work Visa » Immigration New ZealandStaying to work after finishing your study :: Immigration New Zealand

If you're already entitled to work in New Zealand, focus instead on whether the qualification improves your employment prospects enough to justify its cost.

7. Set a decision threshold before committing

I'd want these five things settled before moving:

  • A specific career goal and evidence that the qualification helps you reach it.
  • A written comparison of tuition and living costs for at least two options.
  • Confirmed funding or a credible plan to cover the shortfall.
  • Evidence of realistic employment opportunities after graduation.
  • A backup plan if you cannot find suitable work immediately.

If one of these is missing, delay the relocation decision until you've investigated it. You can still apply for programmes and scholarships while comparing your options.

Let's narrow this down to your situation

The most useful next step is to identify the type of postgraduate study and where you could realistically afford to do it.

Ask anything

ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Gemini · New Zealand country setting

I have an undergraduate degree and I'm considering postgraduate study on a limited budget, with the goal of working after I graduate. What should I sort out before I decide whether to move?

Planning for postgraduate study on a limited budget while keeping your ultimate goal—employability and entering the workforce—at the forefront requires careful financial and logistical mapping before you pack your bags.

Here is what you need to sort out, evaluate, and calculate before deciding whether to move:


1. Financial Support & StudyLink Eligibility

Because you already hold an undergraduate degree, your government funding options change significantly compared to your first degree.

  • Student Loans: You can generally access a StudyLink Student Loan to cover compulsory tuition fees and course-related costs (up to $1,000 for materials like a laptop or textbooks).
  • Living Costs Loan vs. Allowances: Full-time postgraduate students can typically borrow for living costs through StudyLink (up to $333.48 per week), but Student Allowances are generally not available for postgraduate study unless you are doing a specific Bachelor Degree with Honours.
    • Action: Calculate that any living cost assistance you take will add directly to your post-graduation student loan balance, which is interest-free for those living in New Zealand but mandatory to pay back via tax once you earn over the repayment threshold.

2. True Cost-of-Living vs. Relocation Budgeting

Moving cities on a tight budget can quickly drain your resources before your study stipend or part-time wages kick in.

  • Upfront Costs: Map out bond and advance rent (usually 2–4 weeks' rent plus up to 4 weeks' bond), transport/moving expenses, and any setup costs.
  • Runway Capital: Do you have a cash buffer to survive the first 4 to 6 weeks if your student loan or part-time job search takes time to process? Aim to have a minimum emergency safety net saved before relocating.

3. Return on Investment (ROI) & Employment Market Value

Since your primary goal is working after graduation, you need to ensure the postgraduate qualification actually moves the needle in your target industry.

  • Industry Validation: Research whether employers in your field actually value a postgraduate qualification (e.g., Postgraduate Diploma, Honours, or Master's) over an undergraduate degree plus 1–2 years of work experience. In some fields, experience trumps extra study; in others, specialized postgrad is a direct pipeline.
  • Local Job Market: If you are moving to a new city, research the local job density for your specific sector. Is the city you plan to move to a hub for your industry, or will you struggle to find graduate-level work there?

4. Part-Time Work Opportunities

On a limited budget, you will likely need supplementary income while studying.

  • Work-Study Balance: Look into the city’s part-time job market (retail, hospitality, student tutoring, or entry-level administration) and evaluate whether your postgraduate course load (e.g., contact hours, labs, intensive research) leaves realistic room for employment without burning out.

Next Steps & Action Plan

  1. Run the numbers: Use the StudyLink entitlement calculator online to see precisely what tuition and living cost loan amounts you are eligible for based on your exact programme.
  2. Audit your cash buffer: Calculate your current liquid savings and subtract expected moving/relocation costs to see how many weeks of independent survival runway you possess.
  3. Network ahead: Reach out to at least two professionals or recent alumni working in your target industry in the prospective city to ask if the postgraduate qualification you are considering is viewed as a strong hiring advantage.

Are you leaning toward a specific type of postgraduate qualification (like a 1-year postgraduate diploma versus a multi-year master's), or a particular career path?

Ask Gemini

Gemini is AI and can make mistakes.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Google AI Mode · New Zealand country setting

I have an undergraduate degree and I'm considering postgraduate study on a limited budget, with the goal of working after I graduate. What should I sort out before I decide whether to move?

Deciding to pursue postgraduate study on a limited budget while keeping employability in sharp focus requires mapping out your financial and career landscape before packing your bags.

Here is what you should sort out before deciding whether to move:

  1. Financial Eligibility and Support (StudyLink): Check what government assistance you qualify for through StudyLink. Note that standard postgraduate students in New Zealand generally cannot get a Student Allowance unless it is a Bachelor's Degree with Honours, though you may still be eligible for a Student Loan for course fees and-or course-related costs depending on your lifetime limits (like the 200-week student allowance limit or EFTS limits).
  2. Exact Course Costs and Hidden Fees: Look past the headline tuition fees. Factor in Student Services Levies, textbooks, specialized software, equipment, and any mandatory on-campus blocks or practical components.
  3. Earning Potential and Part-Time Work Market: Assess the local job market in the region you are considering moving to. Can you secure flexible part-time work or a graduate-level cadetship-internship in your field while studying? Check platforms like Seek New Zealand or TradeMe Jobs to see how many entry-level or part-time roles match your skillset.
  4. The "Return on Investment" (ROI) of the Specific Qualification: Research employment outcomes for graduates of the specific postgraduate program. Talk to alumni on LinkedIn or university career advisors to confirm whether this specific qualification actually moves the needle for hiring managers in your target industry compared to entering the workforce now with just your undergraduate degree.
  5. Living Costs and Housing Realities: Housing and rental markets vary dramatically across New Zealand. Compare the average weekly rent, transport expenses, and utilities of your current location versus the prospective university town.
  6. Scholarships and Institutional Support: Search the scholarship databases of the specific tertiary institutions you are eyeing. Many universities offer targeted stipends, accommodation bursaries, or fees-assistance for postgraduate applicants facing financial barriers.

If you share your intended field of study or the type of postgraduate qualification (e.g., Postgraduate Diploma, Master's, Honours), I can help you look into specific funding options or career outcomes for that pathway.

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026

AI Overviews · New Zealand country setting

I have an undergraduate degree and I'm considering postgraduate study on a limited budget, with the goal of working after I graduate. What should I sort out before I decide whether to move?

AI Overview

Pursuing postgraduate study in New Zealand on a limited budget requires careful financial and career planning. Before making the decision to relocate, you need to map out your funding ecosystem, verify your borrowing limits, and evaluate the regional job market.

1. Pin down your funding and StudyLink reality

On a tight budget, you must recognize that the safety nets available during your undergraduate degree change significantly at the postgraduate level.

  • Student Allowance is mostly cut off: Aside from a Bachelor degree with Honours, StudyLink does not provide a Student Allowance for postgraduate study.
  • Living costs via Student Loan: If studying full-time, you can borrow up to $333.48 per week for living costs, but remember this accumulates as debt.
  • Check your lifetime EFTS limit: StudyLink caps lifetime student loans at 7 EFTS (roughly 7–8 years of full-time study). Postgraduate students can sometimes get a 1 extra EFTS extension, but you must log into MyStudyLink to verify your remaining balance before assuming your fees will be covered.

2. Assess the true cost of moving vs. staying

Before committing to the physical and financial toll of relocating, run a direct comparison of a physical move against the possibility of studying remotely.

Variable Moving for On-Campus Study Staying Put (Online/Distance Study)
Upfront Costs Bond (usually 3–4 weeks rent), moving trucks/flights, buying new furniture. None.
Weekly Rent Subject to highly competitive student rental markets in university hubs. Stable, existing rent or living situation.
Study Flexibility Structured around physical timetables; harder to clock standard working hours. Highly flexible; easier to hold down a stable part-time or even full-time job.

If you do choose to move, check if you qualify for the StudyLink Accommodation Supplement rather than the student-specific Accommodation Benefit, as your eligibility changes when you do not receive an Allowance.


3. Align your location with the graduate job market

Since your ultimate goal is to work immediately after graduating, you must treat your postgraduate location as the launching pad for your career.

  • Regional job density: Investigate whether the city you are considering moving to actually has a thriving market for your specific industry. It is highly disadvantageous to move to a city for study only to realize the graduate roles in your field are concentrated back where you started or in a different region entirely.
  • Local networking opportunities: Postgraduate employment is heavily driven by internships, thesis sponsorships, and university career nights. Being physically located where the employers are allows you to build a local professional network while you study.
  • The student loan repayment threshold: Remember that if you work part-time or secure a graduate role while studying, you must start making student loan repayments automatically via Inland Revenue the moment you earn over $24,128 a year ($464 a week) before tax.

To help tailor this, what field of study or industry are you looking into? Sharing if you prefer online or on-campus study will also help narrow down your options.

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026