Evidence · Immigration

Immigration: questions, answers and evidence

Read all 797 original answers and the tables behind the findings. The 27 missing answers are from the China comparison on three platforms.

questions
143
captured answers
797
missing responses
27
answers collected
15–20 October 2026

01

Every question, with its answers

Each question was written as a voter would ask it and went to all four assistants. Some were also asked from a town. Open a question to read every answer to it in full.

Showing 20 of 143 questions

02

The tables behind the study

Every figure on the study page comes from these tables. They are CSV files, which open in any spreadsheet.

  • Complete AI answers

    answers.csv

    One complete original answer, with the question, platform, country setting and migrant profile.

    question_id, surface_code, location_ref, result_id, prompt_id, platform, scan_id, collection_panel, question_text, response_text

  • The questions we asked

    question-catalogue.csv

    One question with the migrant profile, wording and purpose.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Planned questions, platforms and countries

    execution-assignments.csv

    One question, platform and country we planned to collect an answer from.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • The 27 missing answers

    missing-cells.csv

    One expected answer that was not collected.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • Locations named for each migrant profile

    location-by-persona.csv

    How often a place was named in the twelve New Zealand answers for each migrant profile.

    persona, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles, wording_count, surface_count

  • Locations named across question wordings

    location-by-wording.csv

    One profile, platform and place, showing which versions of the question led to an answer naming the place.

    persona, surface, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles

  • Locations named by collection country

    location-by-region.csv

    One place and country setting; the China comparison has nine answers on Google AI Mode only.

    region, place, answers, denominator, surfaces

  • Eight countries on Google AI Mode

    location-ai-mode-eight-regions.csv

    One place and country across the same nine questions on Google AI Mode.

    region, place, answers, denominator

  • Matched local and overseas answers

    matched-region-answer-pairs.csv

    A New Zealand answer alongside the same question and platform using another country setting.

    region, surface, persona, question_id, result_id, nz_result_id, same_place_set, jaccard, added_names, omitted_names

  • Topics explicitly raised in the answers

    signals-by-output-platform.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by topic and platform.

    output, surface, signal, answers, denominator

  • Topics raised for each migrant profile

    signals-by-persona-output.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by migrant profile and topic.

    output, persona, signal, answers, denominator

  • Website addresses in captured answers

    captured-answer-links.csv

    Web addresses saved in the original answers, with image and file links identified.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, url, domain, host_class, image_or_asset

  • Extra table: links excluding images and files

    captured-links-by-platform.csv

    One platform across the same 143 New Zealand questions. The table excludes image and file links; the main Sources section counts those links.

    surface, denominator, answers_with_links, answers_with_govt_links

  • Captured answer lengths

    platform-answer-length.csv

    One platform across the same 143 local questions.

    surface, answers, median_words, mean_words

  • Recorded websites by answer

    sources-by-answer.csv

    Each website recorded as a source for an answer, with the page addresses and number of statements linked to the website.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, publisher, claim_count, source_urls

  • Recorded sources and their original claims

    source-claim-ledger.csv

    Sources attached to individual statements, with the original answer, quotation and source passage.

    narrative_id, claim_id, question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, url, source_passage, claim_quote, quote_exact

  • Answers with sources and answers with links

    source-answer-coverage.csv

    Each New Zealand answer, showing whether sources were recorded and whether the answer text contains a web link.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, associated_websites, had_sources, literal_url_answer

  • Website publisher classifications

    source-publisher-classification.csv

    Each website, the type of organisation behind the website and the reason for the category. Unconfirmed types remain Other.

    domain, publisher, basis, source

  • Tone toward each place

    place-sentiment-ledger.csv

    One named place in one answer, with the positive, neutral, negative or mixed label, supporting passages and reason. All 108 New Zealand answers about where to live were reviewed.

    result_id, question_id, prompt_id, persona, assistant, region, place, stance, paragraph_numbers, supporting_passages, display_passage, reason, answer_sha256, reviewed_on

  • Facts supplied in each question

    prompt-reporting-eligibility.csv

    Every question, with corrected descriptions of the facts stated and limits on interpreting its answers.

    question_id, reviewed_on, prompt_sha256, original_stated_facts, corrected_stated_facts, metadata_changed, destination_explicit, descriptive_counts_included, interpretation_rule

  • Sources across question styles

    source-wording-incidence.csv

    One website, profile, topic and platform, with answer totals, question styles and the original answer references.

    persona, output, surface, domain, answers_with_source, eligible_answers, wording_styles_with_source, eligible_wording_styles, observed_styles, eligible_styles, answer_ids, by_style

  • Questions with corrected fact descriptions

    question-catalogue-reviewed.csv

    The unchanged original question text with fact descriptions reviewed on 28 October 2026.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Statements checked against official sources

    statement-checks.csv

    One checked statement, with its exact passage, verdict, official source, review date and original answer reference.

    check_id, measure_id, question_checked, result_id, prompt_id, question_id, persona, assistant, wording, exact_statement, verdict, what_the_source_says, source_name, source_url, checked_on, answer_sha256

  • Policy questions covered by the checks

    statement-measures.csv

    One policy question, showing checked statements, original answers and the question wordings represented.

    measure_id, question_checked, checked_statements, distinct_answers, wording_styles_with_checked_assertions, wording_styles, answer_ids, question_ids, scope

Use the question and answer numbers to follow the evidence between tables. Locations named in warnings and comparisons count. Sources attached to an answer and web links in the answer text are counted separately.

03

The reviewed evidence

We read all 108 New Zealand answers about where to live to assess the tone toward each named place. A separate selection of 41 answers explores practical advice and contrasts across topics. The original policy checks were made on 22 October and expanded on 28 October 2026; verdicts cover selected statements, not every answer.

ChatGPT · New Zealand country setting

cost of moving a family with a preschool child back to New Zealand before finding work

How much does it cost to move a family back to New Zealand before finding work?

If you're moving a family with a preschool-aged child back to New Zealand and plan to arrive before securing a job, I'd budget for the cost of relocating plus 3–6 months of living expenses without a regular income.

The biggest variables are where you're moving from, whether you have somewhere to stay when you arrive, how much furniture you're bringing, and whether one or both adults will need to find work.

As a starting point, assuming a family of two adults and one preschooler returning to New Zealand, here's a practical budget in NZ dollars.

1. Estimated total savings needed

Planning estimates in NZD for two adults and one preschool child, assuming you rent and arrive without a job lined up.

Lean budget

$20,000–$30,000

Staying with family or friends, travelling light, finding work quickly.

More comfortable buffer

$35,000–$50,000

Renting independently, covering several months without income and paying initial moving costs.

Conservative buffer

$50,000–$70,000+

Longer job search, temporary accommodation, international shipping or a car purchase.

These are indicative planning ranges, not fixed relocation quotes. They assume you want to avoid relying on immediate employment or financial assistance. Your actual budget could be lower if you have free accommodation or higher if you are shipping a household or importing a vehicle.

2. What you'll need to pay for

Expense Estimated cost
Flights for two adults and one child $2,000–$5,000
Temporary accommodation on arrival $1,000–$3,000
Rental bond and rent in advance $2,500–$4,500
Basic household setup and essentials $1,000–$3,000
Food, utilities, internet and phones $1,000–$1,600/month
Transport $300–$1,000/month
Rent after moving in $2,200–$3,000/month
Preschool costs and other child expenses $0–$600+/month
Shipping household belongings $0–$10,000+

These figures are estimates for budgeting, not quotes. Some costs overlap depending on your arrangements; for example, temporary accommodation may be unnecessary if you move directly into a rental.

New Zealand rent varies considerably by region. Recent rental-bond data puts median weekly rent at around $540–$650 in several major urban areas, with some areas considerably higher. NZ Rental Medians by Region - the year to August 2026Cost of living in New Zealand :: Immigration New Zealand

For a rental, the landlord can generally request up to four weeks' rent as bond and up to two weeks' rent in advance. That means the initial rental payment can be a substantial upfront expense. Cost of living in New Zealand :: Immigration New Zealand

3. How much to set aside for living without work

A sensible approach is to budget for your monthly expenses first, then add the relocation costs.

Illustrative monthly budget

Rent

$2,500

Groceries and household items

$1,000

Utilities, internet and phones

$300

Transport

$500

Childcare and child-related costs

$250

Medical, clothing and unexpected costs

$350

Total per month

Approximately $1,130 per week

$4,900

3 months

$14,700

6 months

$29,400

9 months

$44,100

Illustrative figures only. These totals exclude flights, moving costs, rental setup and other one-off expenses.

My recommendation: If you will be renting and neither adult has work secured, aim to have enough for six months of living expenses plus your moving costs. A job search can take longer than expected, and you don't want to be forced into taking the first job or rental available simply because your savings are running low.

4. Other things that could reduce your costs

  • Preschool: If your child is aged 3–5, they may qualify for 20 Hours ECE funding, covering up to 20 hours per week at a participating early learning service. Extra hours and optional charges may still cost money. 20 hours funding for early childhood education
  • Shipping belongings: If you've lived overseas for at least 21 months and meet the other conditions, you may qualify for a Customs concession on eligible used household effects. Household effects
  • Government assistance: Don't assume you'll qualify for benefits immediately. Eligibility depends on factors including residency status, ordinary residence and the specific payment. Check directly with Work and Income and Inland Revenue.
  • Relocation assistance: If you later accept an eligible job, Work and Income has a Relocate for Work programme with specific eligibility conditions. Relocate for Work Support

5. Let's estimate your family's actual moving budget

I can narrow the numbers down considerably with a few details.

Ask anything

ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Gemini · New Zealand country setting

cost of moving a family with a preschool child back to New Zealand before finding work

Moving back to New Zealand with a family and a preschool child before securing employment requires a carefully planned financial buffer. Because you won't have an immediate local income stream, your capital needs to cover both the one-off relocation and setup costs and a job-search runway.

For a family of three (two adults and one preschooler), a realistic target to budget is $\text{NZ$35,000 to } \text{NZ$65,000}$ in liquid savings, depending heavily on your shipping volume and how long you expect the job hunt to take.


Phase 1: One-Off Relocation & Arrival Costs ($\text{NZ$15,000} - \text{NZ$30,000}$)

These are the friction costs of getting your family and belongings back onto New Zealand soil:

  • Flights (One-way economy): $\text{NZ$2,700} - \text{NZ$5,400}$ total for two adults and a child (depending on whether you are flying from Australia, Asia, the US, or the UK/Europe).
  • Shipping & Luggage: $\text{NZ$3,000} - \text{NZ$12,000}$. A shared container or excess baggage is on the lower end; a full 20ft container for household goods is on the higher end.
  • Temporary Accommodation (First 2–4 weeks): $\text{NZ$2,000} - \text{NZ$4,000}$. You will need a furnished short-term stay or Airbnb while looking for a permanent rental.
  • Rental Upfront Costs: $\text{NZ$3,500} - \text{NZ$5,000}$. By New Zealand law, landlords can ask for a maximum of 4 weeks' rent for bond plus 1 to 2 weeks' rent in advance.
  • Vehicle Purchase: $\text{NZ$8,000} - \text{NZ$15,000}$. Public transport in New Zealand is limited outside central Auckland, Wellington, and Christchurch. A reliable family-sized used car (with a current Warrant of Fitness/WOF and registration) is typically essential for family logistics and job interviews.
  • Initial Setup & Essentials: $\text{NZ$500} - \text{NZ$1,500}$ for local SIM cards, utility connections, and replacing basic household items immediately upon arrival.

Phase 2: The Preschooler Factor

Having a preschool child introduces specific cost and logistical considerations during an un-employed transition:

  • Early Childhood Education (ECE): In New Zealand, children aged 3 and 4 are eligible for 20 Hours Free ECE per week at participating early childhood services (though many centres charge a small optional fee or hourly top-up for hours exceeding the 20). If your child is under 3, or if you need full-time care (e.g., 40 hours a week) so both parents can apply/interview for jobs, private daycare typically costs $\text{NZ$250} - \text{NZ$400}$ per week.
  • Healthcare: If one or both parents are returning New Zealand citizens or permanent residents, standard public healthcare is heavily subsidized or free. Children under 13 receive free standard general practice (GP) visits and fully funded prescriptions at most clinics, mitigating immediate medical expense risks while between jobs.

Phase 3: Job-Search Runway ($\text{NZ$18,000} - \text{NZ$30,000}$)

Job hunting in New Zealand can take anywhere from 6 weeks to 3 months depending on your sector. For a family of three, a conservative baseline cost of living (rent, utilities, groceries, transport, preschool costs) averages $\text{NZ$6,000} - \text{NZ$8,000}$ per month.

You should hold a minimum of 3 months of living expenses as an unallocated safety buffer before landing:

  • 3 Months Runway: $\text{NZ$18,000} - \text{NZ$24,000}$

Recommended Action Plan

  1. Liquidate and Consolidate: Secure at least $\text{NZ$45,000}$ in highly liquid savings (accessible via international transfer services like Wise or global bank cards) before booking tickets.
  2. Pre-Network Remotely: Begin updating your LinkedIn profile, connecting with New Zealand recruiters, and applying for roles 2–3 months before your intended flight date to shorten your post-arrival job search window.
  3. Stage Your Arrival: Plan to secure temporary housing close to public amenities or family support networks so you aren't forced into an expensive long-term lease or vehicle purchase in your very first week.

What is your expected timeline for the move, and do you already have temporary housing or family support lined up in New Zealand to help absorb initial costs?

Ask Gemini

Gemini is AI and can make mistakes.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Google AI Mode · New Zealand country setting

cost of moving a family with a preschool child back to New Zealand before finding work

Moving back to New Zealand with a family (two adults and a preschool child) before securing employment requires a substantial financial buffer. Without a job lined up, you need to cover international relocation, arrival logistics, upfront rental housing costs, and several months of living expenses while job hunting.

Estimated costs break down across key categories:

1. Relocation & Travel

  • International Flights: $4,000 – $10,000
    One-way economy or part-flexible tickets for two adults and a toddler, heavily dependent on your departure point (e.g., UK/Europe vs. Australia or North America).

  • Shipping / Luggage: $1,500 – $8,000
    Ranging from extra airline baggage and small-scale shipping crates up to a partial container load of furniture/household goods.

2. Arrival & Upfront Housing

  • Temporary Accommodation (First 2–4 Weeks): $2,000 – $4,500
    Airbnbs, motels, or serviced apartments while you look for a permanent rental, as landlords generally expect to meet tenants in person and verify local income/references.

  • Rental Bond and Advance Rent: $2,500 – $5,000
    New Zealand tenancy laws allow landlords to ask for up to 4 weeks' rent as a bond plus 1–2 weeks' rent in advance. National average weekly rents sit around $560 – $630 , but larger family homes in major urban areas run higher.

3. Living Expenses (Per Month, Without Employment)

  • Basic Family Monthly Budget: $5,500 – $7,500 per month
    Includes groceries, utilities (electricity, internet), public or private transport (fuel, insurance, registration), and general sundries.

  • Preschool / Childcare Costs: $0 – $1,200 per month

  • If your child is under 3 , you will pay full private or community early childhood education (ECE) rates, which can easily add $200–$400 a week if you need full-time care.

  • If your child is 3 to 5 years old , they qualify for the Ministry of Education's 20 Hours ECE scheme (up to 6 hours a day, fee-free), significantly reducing costs if you only need part-time hours.

Total Recommended Financial Runway

  • Minimum Emergency/Transition Fund: $20,000 – $30,000 (Covering bare-bones arrival, flights, and 2 months of strict budgeting).

  • Comfortable Buffer (3–4 Months Unemployed): $35,000 – $50,000+ (Giving you breathing room to find the right job without immediate financial panic).

Note: If one or both partners are returning citizens or permanent residents, healthcare and schooling rights kick in immediately, but income-tested benefits from Work and Income (MSD) generally have stand-down or residency-status waiting periods.

If you'd like to narrow this down, let me know:

  • Where you are moving from (to refine flight and shipping estimates)
  • The age of your preschooler (under 3 vs. turning 3)
  • Roughly how many months of safety net you want to budget for

I can tailor a more precise target savings figure.

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026

AI Overviews · New Zealand country setting

cost of moving a family with a preschool child back to New Zealand before finding work

AI Overview

Moving a family back to New Zealand before securing a job is an expensive undertaking that requires a significant financial cushion. Without an immediate income, you must cover upfront relocation expenses and save enough to survive during your job search.

Assuming you are returning New Zealand citizens or residents (with immediate rights to enter, work, and access public healthcare), a realistic baseline budget to relocate and sustain a three-person family for 3 to 6 months without work ranges from $32,000 to $61,000 NZD.


📦 1. Upfront Relocation Costs ($11,000 – $22,000 NZD)

These are the immediate "sunk costs" required to get your family, a preschool child, and your basic belongings physically into the country and legally established.

  • Flights & Travel: $3,000 – $8,000 NZD (highly dependent on your origin country, seasonal timing, and baggage limits).
  • Shipping & Transit: $4,000 – $9,000 NZD for a shared or small private shipping container for household effects, or $500 – $1,500 NZD if you opt to sell everything and only travel with excess airline baggage.
  • Initial Temporary Accommodation: $3,000 – $4,500 NZD to cover 2 to 3 weeks in a furnished Airbnb, motel, or short-term rental while you inspect permanent housing.
  • Administrative & Immediate Setup: $1,000 NZD to cover temporary car rental/ride-shares, setting up local NZ SIM cards, and initial grocery stocks.

🏠 2. Securing Permanent Rental Housing ($3,500 – $5,000 NZD)

Securing a rental without proof of a local income is challenging but possible if you can prove significant savings. Landlords generally require upfront cash before handing over the keys.

  • Bond (Security Deposit): $2,000 – $2,800 NZD (by law, this can be up to 4 weeks’ rent).
  • Advance Rent: $1,000 – $1,400 NZD (usually 2 weeks paid in advance).
  • Utility & Internet Connections: $500 – $800 NZD for power, gas, and broadband connection fees or modem purchases.

🥦 3. Essential Monthly Cost of Living ($5,800 – $8,500 NZD per month)

Once you are living in a permanent home, you will need a reliable monthly cash reserve to sustain the family while job hunting.

Expense Category Estimated Monthly Cost (NZD) Key Considerations
Rent (3-Bedroom House) $2,200 – $3,200 Prices vary heavily by region (cheaper in regions like Southland or Palmerston North; highest in Auckland/Wellington).
Groceries & Food $1,200 – $1,600 General supermarket shopping for 3 people; New Zealand groceries carry high baseline costs.
Utilities & Internet $300 – $500 Electricity, gas, home broadband, and two mobile plans.
Transport / Vehicle $400 – $600 Fuel, car insurance, registration, and routine maintenance (assumes you buy a cheap used car upfront using separate savings).
Preschool / Childcare $1,200 – $2,000 Crucial: Full-time care for a preschooler under 3 costs roughly $300–$500/week. If the child is 3 or 4 years old , you qualify for 20 Hours Free ECE (Early Childhood Education), which significantly lowers this bill.
Healthcare & Extras $500 – $600 Basic doctor's visits, children's clothes, and unexpected emergencies.
Total Estimated Monthly Cash Burn $5,800 – $8,500 Your ongoing monthly requirement before securing work.

🛡️ 4. Government Support Context

As returning citizens or residents, you may technically have access to Work and Income (WINZ) support. However, stand-down periods apply if you have been out of the country for a long time, meaning you cannot rely on immediate financial welfare upon arrival.

Furthermore, you will not qualify for the Working for Families tax credits or child subsidies until you meet the residency timeframes and establish an active New Zealand tax file history.


To help refine these estimates for your situation, could you share:

  • Where you are relocating from (to narrow down shipping and flight costs)?
  • The exact age of your preschooler (to calculate if they qualify for the 20 hours free childcare subsidy)?
  • Your general destination region (e.g., major city or regional center)?
Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026