Evidence · Immigration

Immigration: questions, answers and evidence

Read all 797 original answers and the tables behind the findings. The 27 missing answers are from the China comparison on three platforms.

questions
143
captured answers
797
missing responses
27
answers collected
15–20 October 2026

01

Every question, with its answers

Each question was written as a voter would ask it and went to all four assistants. Some were also asked from a town. Open a question to read every answer to it in full.

Showing 20 of 143 questions

02

The tables behind the study

Every figure on the study page comes from these tables. They are CSV files, which open in any spreadsheet.

  • Complete AI answers

    answers.csv

    One complete original answer, with the question, platform, country setting and migrant profile.

    question_id, surface_code, location_ref, result_id, prompt_id, platform, scan_id, collection_panel, question_text, response_text

  • The questions we asked

    question-catalogue.csv

    One question with the migrant profile, wording and purpose.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Planned questions, platforms and countries

    execution-assignments.csv

    One question, platform and country we planned to collect an answer from.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • The 27 missing answers

    missing-cells.csv

    One expected answer that was not collected.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • Locations named for each migrant profile

    location-by-persona.csv

    How often a place was named in the twelve New Zealand answers for each migrant profile.

    persona, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles, wording_count, surface_count

  • Locations named across question wordings

    location-by-wording.csv

    One profile, platform and place, showing which versions of the question led to an answer naming the place.

    persona, surface, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles

  • Locations named by collection country

    location-by-region.csv

    One place and country setting; the China comparison has nine answers on Google AI Mode only.

    region, place, answers, denominator, surfaces

  • Eight countries on Google AI Mode

    location-ai-mode-eight-regions.csv

    One place and country across the same nine questions on Google AI Mode.

    region, place, answers, denominator

  • Matched local and overseas answers

    matched-region-answer-pairs.csv

    A New Zealand answer alongside the same question and platform using another country setting.

    region, surface, persona, question_id, result_id, nz_result_id, same_place_set, jaccard, added_names, omitted_names

  • Topics explicitly raised in the answers

    signals-by-output-platform.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by topic and platform.

    output, surface, signal, answers, denominator

  • Topics raised for each migrant profile

    signals-by-persona-output.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by migrant profile and topic.

    output, persona, signal, answers, denominator

  • Website addresses in captured answers

    captured-answer-links.csv

    Web addresses saved in the original answers, with image and file links identified.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, url, domain, host_class, image_or_asset

  • Extra table: links excluding images and files

    captured-links-by-platform.csv

    One platform across the same 143 New Zealand questions. The table excludes image and file links; the main Sources section counts those links.

    surface, denominator, answers_with_links, answers_with_govt_links

  • Captured answer lengths

    platform-answer-length.csv

    One platform across the same 143 local questions.

    surface, answers, median_words, mean_words

  • Recorded websites by answer

    sources-by-answer.csv

    Each website recorded as a source for an answer, with the page addresses and number of statements linked to the website.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, publisher, claim_count, source_urls

  • Recorded sources and their original claims

    source-claim-ledger.csv

    Sources attached to individual statements, with the original answer, quotation and source passage.

    narrative_id, claim_id, question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, url, source_passage, claim_quote, quote_exact

  • Answers with sources and answers with links

    source-answer-coverage.csv

    Each New Zealand answer, showing whether sources were recorded and whether the answer text contains a web link.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, associated_websites, had_sources, literal_url_answer

  • Website publisher classifications

    source-publisher-classification.csv

    Each website, the type of organisation behind the website and the reason for the category. Unconfirmed types remain Other.

    domain, publisher, basis, source

  • Tone toward each place

    place-sentiment-ledger.csv

    One named place in one answer, with the positive, neutral, negative or mixed label, supporting passages and reason. All 108 New Zealand answers about where to live were reviewed.

    result_id, question_id, prompt_id, persona, assistant, region, place, stance, paragraph_numbers, supporting_passages, display_passage, reason, answer_sha256, reviewed_on

  • Facts supplied in each question

    prompt-reporting-eligibility.csv

    Every question, with corrected descriptions of the facts stated and limits on interpreting its answers.

    question_id, reviewed_on, prompt_sha256, original_stated_facts, corrected_stated_facts, metadata_changed, destination_explicit, descriptive_counts_included, interpretation_rule

  • Sources across question styles

    source-wording-incidence.csv

    One website, profile, topic and platform, with answer totals, question styles and the original answer references.

    persona, output, surface, domain, answers_with_source, eligible_answers, wording_styles_with_source, eligible_wording_styles, observed_styles, eligible_styles, answer_ids, by_style

  • Questions with corrected fact descriptions

    question-catalogue-reviewed.csv

    The unchanged original question text with fact descriptions reviewed on 28 October 2026.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Statements checked against official sources

    statement-checks.csv

    One checked statement, with its exact passage, verdict, official source, review date and original answer reference.

    check_id, measure_id, question_checked, result_id, prompt_id, question_id, persona, assistant, wording, exact_statement, verdict, what_the_source_says, source_name, source_url, checked_on, answer_sha256

  • Policy questions covered by the checks

    statement-measures.csv

    One policy question, showing checked statements, original answers and the question wordings represented.

    measure_id, question_checked, checked_statements, distinct_answers, wording_styles_with_checked_assertions, wording_styles, answer_ids, question_ids, scope

Use the question and answer numbers to follow the evidence between tables. Locations named in warnings and comparisons count. Sources attached to an answer and web links in the answer text are counted separately.

03

The reviewed evidence

We read all 108 New Zealand answers about where to live to assess the tone toward each named place. A separate selection of 41 answers explores practical advice and contrasts across topics. The original policy checks were made on 22 October and expanded on 28 October 2026; verdicts cover selected statements, not every answer.

ChatGPT · New Zealand country setting

My partner, our young child and I may be living near dairy or farm work, but we haven't chosen an area yet. What parts of day-to-day life are likely to be hardest for us, and where could we get help?

What family life can be like near dairy or farm work in New Zealand

Moving to a rural part of New Zealand with your partner and young child can be rewarding: you may have more outdoor space, a close-knit community, and a chance to build a life around farming. But the hardest parts are often not the farm work itself — they're the practical demands of family life when services, childcare, transport and free time are limited.

The biggest thing to plan for is whether your family can manage the hours, isolation and childcare arrangements together, rather than looking at the job or accommodation in isolation. Rural life varies considerably depending on the region, distance to town, type of farm and employment arrangement.

The challenges you're most likely to encounter

1. Long, early and sometimes unpredictable hours

Dairy work can involve early starts, afternoon milking, weekend shifts and extra hours during busy periods such as calving. Other farm jobs have their own seasonal peaks.

Why it matters for you: one parent may end up handling most meals, bedtime, appointments and childcare drop-offs. If both of you work on the same farm, you need to know whether your schedules overlap and who looks after your child.

2. Finding childcare that fits farm hours

Early starts, late finishes, school holidays and seasonal work can be difficult to reconcile with standard childcare opening hours. Rural centres may have waiting lists or limited vacancies.

What helps: contact early childhood education (ECE) centres before accepting a job, ask about opening hours and fees, and check whether family members or trusted local carers could provide backup. Don't assume on-farm childcare will be available.

3. Distance from everyday services

The nearest supermarket, GP, pharmacy, playgroup or emergency department might be a substantial drive away. Public transport can be limited, and rural roads may be dark, narrow or difficult in bad weather.

What helps: check actual driving times to healthcare, childcare and shops before choosing accommodation. Consider whether your family would have a reliable vehicle and whether both adults could access it when needed.

4. Isolation and the pressure on your relationship

If one partner is working long hours while the other is home with a young child, the non-working partner can feel isolated, particularly if they are new to the country or have no nearby family.

What helps: find community groups before you move, protect regular family time, and make sure each adult has opportunities to socialise independently. A friendly farming community can help, but building friendships takes time.

5. Housing quality and employment dependence

Some farm jobs include accommodation, which can reduce living costs. However, you should check heating, insulation, dampness, internet coverage, mobile reception, water supply and the tenancy or occupancy arrangements.

If your housing is tied to your job, losing the job could also affect where your family lives. Understand the written employment and accommodation terms before committing.

6. Physical fatigue, weather and safety

Farm work can be physically demanding, wet, cold and tiring. Machinery, livestock, chemicals, effluent ponds and moving vehicles also create safety risks.

What helps: ensure training and protective equipment are provided, and that your child has a genuinely safe living and play area separated from farm hazards. Living on a farm doesn't mean your child should have unsupervised access to the worksite.

Where to get help in New Zealand

You don't have to wait until you're struggling to use these services. Some are useful for planning the move; others are there if the pressures of rural life build up.

  1. Rural Support Trust — for farming families

Free and confidential support

A good first contact for rural-life pressures, financial stress, employment difficulties, isolation and wellbeing. Local facilitators understand farming communities and can help connect you with other services.

  1. Work and Income — childcare costs

Check whether you qualify for a Childcare Subsidy or Flexible Childcare Assistance if standard childcare hours don't suit your work. If your child is aged 3–5, check the 20 Hours ECE scheme too. Eligibility and the amount of assistance depend on your circumstances.

  1. Plunket and local family groups — for your child and your social life

Plunket can help with parenting information and child development support. Playgroups, toy libraries, local libraries and community centres can also be valuable places to meet other parents and establish a routine outside farm life.

  • Website: Plunket
  • Ask your local council, library or community centre about nearby playgroups and parent groups.
  1. Health New Zealand — healthcare when you're far from town

Find a GP accepting new patients before you move, and ask about after-hours care and how far away the nearest emergency department is. For health concerns when you're unsure what to do, Healthline provides free advice from nurses and paramedics around the clock.

  1. Farmstrong — for everyday stress and wellbeing

Farmstrong offers practical resources for managing pressure, looking after yourself and maintaining wellbeing while working in agriculture.

  • Website: Farmstrong

  • For someone who wants to talk with a counsellor, the Rural Support Trust also connects rural people with free wellbeing support options.

    Source: Farmstrong and Rural Support Trust. Home - FarmstrongIgnite

If you or your partner need someone to talk to urgently, you can call or text 1737 free, any time. If anyone is in immediate danger, call 111. ContactContact and support - Farmstrong

What to check before accepting a farm job

I'd suggest treating these as your family's practical checklist. A job that looks good on paper can feel very different once childcare and daily travel are factored in.

Family move checklist

0 of 7

Get the actual work roster, including weekends, split shifts and seasonal overtime.

Confirm childcare availability, hours, fees and holiday closures.

Check travel times to a GP, supermarket, pharmacy and early learning centre.

Inspect the house for heating, insulation, dampness, internet and mobile coverage.

Clarify accommodation costs, written terms and what happens if employment ends.

Agree on who covers childcare, sick days, appointments and emergencies.

Identify a local parent group and a backup person you could call for help.

One additional point: if either of you is moving to New Zealand from overseas, check visa work conditions and eligibility for publicly funded healthcare and family assistance before budgeting around them. Eligibility can depend on your immigration status.

The most important question for your family

Rural living isn't automatically isolating or difficult. The experience often depends on whether the job gives you enough time and flexibility to be a family, and whether your home is close enough to the services you need.

How old is your child, and would one of you be working on the farm while the other looks after your child, or are you hoping both of you will work?

That would help me narrow down the most likely challenges and suggest the most relevant support for your circumstances, without assuming you've chosen a particular region.

Ask anything

ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Gemini · New Zealand country setting

My partner, our young child and I may be living near dairy or farm work, but we haven't chosen an area yet. What parts of day-to-day life are likely to be hardest for us, and where could we get help?

Moving to a dairy or farm environment in New Zealand with a partner and a young child offers a wonderful, community-oriented lifestyle, but it also introduces unique logistical and social hurdles.


Likely Day-to-Day Challenges

  • Isolation and Social Disconnection: Farm housing is often physically isolated, meaning trips to town require planning and driving. For a stay-at-home parent or a partner new to farming, the lack of spontaneous social interaction or adult company during the day can lead to intense feelings of loneliness.
  • Intense Work Hours and Seasonal Fatigue: Dairy farming demands rigorous routines, particularly during peak seasons like calving (spring) and mating. Long hours mean the working partner may be physically exhausted and absent for extended stretches, leaving the other partner to manage household and childcare duties single-handedly.
  • Access to Healthcare and Early Childhood Services: Rural general practitioner (GP) clinics can have long wait times or closed books, and specialists or hospitals may be a significant drive away. Finding early childhood education (ECE), playcentres, or Plunket services that fit rural routines can also require compromises and travel.
  • Weather and Environmental Dependency: Your daily life, income security, and mood can be heavily dictated by weather events (droughts, floods, or unseasonal storms), adding an underlying layer of unpredictability and stress.
  • Blurring of Home and Workplace: When your house is on the farm, work never truly stops. It can be difficult to switch off when stock, machinery, or employers are just outside the door.

Where to Get Help and Connection

Fortunately, New Zealand has a robust network of rural-specific organisations designed to support farming families:

  • Rural Support Trust (0800 787 254): A fantastic, free, and completely confidential network run by local rural people who understand farming pressures. They help with everything from stress and mental health to navigating adverse weather events.
  • Farmstrong: A nationwide wellbeing initiative created by farmers, for farmers. They offer practical tools, resources, and real stories focused on managing the physical and mental demands of agriculture.
  • Dairy Women's Network & Rural Women New Zealand (RWNZ): Excellent communities for connecting with other rural partners and women. They run local workshops, social catch-ups, and online forums that are vital for building a local support circle.
  • Plunket and Playcentre: For your young child, local Plunket lines (PlunketLine is 0800 933 922) offer parenting support, and rural Playcentres or community playgroups are often the quickest way to meet other parents in the district.
  • General Health and Support Lines:
    • 1737 (Need to Talk?): Free call or text 24/7 to speak with a trained counsellor.
    • Healthline (0800 611 116): For free medical advice from registered nurses.

Are you leaning toward a specific island or region yet, or are you still weighing up different employment contracts?

Ask Gemini

Gemini is AI and can make mistakes.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Google AI Mode · New Zealand country setting

My partner, our young child and I may be living near dairy or farm work, but we haven't chosen an area yet. What parts of day-to-day life are likely to be hardest for us, and where could we get help?

Living on or near a dairy or farm in Aotearoa New Zealand offers a wonderful, grounded environment for raising a young child, but the day-to-day realities can present distinct hurdles—especially when balancing family life with agricultural work.

Hardest Parts of Day-to-Day Life

  • Social and Geographic Isolation: Farms can be distant from towns, meaning playgroups, friends, and spontaneous social interactions require a deliberate car trip. For a stay-at-home partner or a young child, the lack of a casual neighborhood drop-in network can lead to cabin fever or loneliness.

  • Long and Unpredictable Work Hours: Dairy farming operates on intense cycles (such as calving season and twice-daily milking). Your partner may leave before dawn and return after dark, or be called out unexpectedly, leaving one parent solo-parenting for long stretches during high-intensity periods.

  • Access to Early Childhood Education (ECE) and Healthcare: Finding local daycare, Playcentre, or kindergarten with flexible hours that match farm life can be tough. Likewise, distance to the nearest general practice (GP), Plunket nurse, or after-hours medical center means minor health concerns or childhood fevers require longer travel times.

  • Infrastructure and Utilities: Rural properties often rely on tank water (rainwater harvesting) or local bores rather than town supply, meaning you have to actively manage and monitor water quality and conservation. Connectivity can also be an issue if reliable broadband or mobile coverage isn't fully set up at the farmhouse.

  • Safety Hazards for Toddlers: Working farms are busy workplaces with moving heavy machinery, open water troughs, active livestock, and chemical storage. Keeping a young, mobile child safe requires constant, high-vigilance boundary-setting and secure fencing around the immediate house area.


Where to Get Help

  • Rural Support Trust : A fantastic, free, and confidential network run by local rural people who understand farming pressures. They assist with personal wellbeing, stress, and connecting families to local community initiatives.

  • Plunket New Zealand: Offers free health and development services for tamariki (under-fives) and can guide you on accessing remote or mobile clinic support if you are far from a main center.

  • Local Playcentres and Kohanga Reo: Once you narrow down an area, look for rural Playcentres. They are parent-led ECE cooperatives that double as an incredible social lifeline for parents moving to a new rural community.

  • Primary Health Organisations (PHOs) & Rural GPs: Check which medical centers service your prospective region and whether they offer telehealth or rural nurse specialist visits.

  • Workplace Support: If your partner is an employee, look into whether the farm operation is linked with industry bodies like DairyNZ or Federated Farmers, which advocate for fair work hours, accommodation standards, and family-inclusive employment agreements.

If you'd like, let me know:

  • Whether your partner will be an farm employee or a 50/50 sharemilker
  • If you have a preference for the North Island or South Island

I can give you a better idea of what regional infrastructure and community groups look like in those areas.

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026

AI Overviews · New Zealand country setting

My partner, our young child and I may be living near dairy or farm work, but we haven't chosen an area yet. What parts of day-to-day life are likely to be hardest for us, and where could we get help?

AI Overview

Moving to a rural community near dairy or agricultural operations is an incredible way to experience the tight-knit, welcoming side of New Zealand. However, rural life with a young child comes with distinct, practical challenges that are very different from living in an urban center.

The hardest aspects of day-to-day life you are likely to encounter center around isolation, logistics, and housing.

The Hardest Parts of Rural Day-to-Day Life

  • Geographic Isolation & Travel Times: You will be highly dependent on a vehicle. Standard errands like grocery shopping, visiting a pharmacy, or taking your child to a playground can require long drives. This can feel particularly isolating for the parent who isn't working on the farm.
  • Access to Healthcare: Rural areas have fewer medical clinics. Getting a same-day appointment with a general practitioner (GP) can be difficult, and you may face a long drive to the nearest public hospital or emergency department.
  • The Rural "Winter Chill" and Housing: Rural rental houses (often provided with farm work) can be older and isolated. While they must legally meet Healthy Homes Standards , New Zealand homes historically lack central heating, meaning they can feel damp and cold during the winter months if not managed properly with consistent heating.
  • Shift Work and Childcare: Dairy work involves incredibly early mornings (often starting around 4:00 AM or 5:00 AM) and split shifts. This schedule can disrupt family routines, make childcare logistics difficult, and leave the non-farming partner carrying a heavy load during the day.

Where You Can Get Help and Build Your Village

New Zealand has an excellent, heavily subsidized support network specifically designed to catch families and rural communities. You do not have to do it alone.

Child & Parent Support

  • Whānau Āwhina Plunket: Plunket is New Zealand's largest support service for the health and wellbeing of children under five. They offer free home visits, growth checks, and community playgroups to help you connect with other local parents.
  • The Village NZ Hub: A highly recommended online network for parents in New Zealand. The Village NZ Hub is entirely free and designed for parents who are rurally isolated, working shift hours, or lacking nearby family support. It features peer networks, lactation consultants, and perinatal mental health support with no referral needed.

Health & Emergency Help

  • Healthline (0800 611 116): A free, 24/7 telephone health advice service funded by Health New Zealand | Te Whatu Ora. You can speak directly to a registered nurse if your child is sick overnight, saving you an unnecessary midnight drive to a distant clinic.
  • Rural Support Trust (0800 787 254): This is a nationwide network tailored specifically for people facing the unique pressures of rural and farming life. They provide free, confidential, practical advice and mental health support for farming families navigating tough times.

Practical & Community Settlement

  • Immigration New Zealand Tools: If you are new to the country or navigating the system, use the Immigration New Zealand NZ Ready Tool to build a customized checklist for setting up your schooling, banking, and healthcare.
  • Local School & Community Groups: Rural schools and local community halls are the true "hubs" of country life. Attending local playcenters, school fundraisers, or agricultural "A&P" shows is the fastest way to integrate and find practical help from neighbors who understand the lifestyle.

Learn more

Are you moving to New Zealand from overseas , or are you already living here and moving from a major city? If you have specific concerns about childcare types or finding a house , let me know so I can share more tailored details.

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026