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Evidence · Immigration

Immigration: questions, answers and evidence

Read all 797 original answers and the tables behind the findings. The 27 missing answers are from the China comparison on three platforms.

questions
143
captured answers
797
missing responses
27
answers collected
15–20 October 2026

01

Every question, with its answers

Each question was written as a voter would ask it and went to all four assistants. Some were also asked from a town. Open a question to read every answer to it in full.

Showing 20 of 143 questions

Show all 143

02

The tables behind the study

Every figure on the study page comes from these tables. They are CSV files, which open in any spreadsheet.

  • Complete AI answers

    answers.csv

    One complete original answer, with the question, platform, country setting and migrant profile.

    question_id, surface_code, location_ref, result_id, prompt_id, platform, scan_id, collection_panel, question_text, response_text

    797rows

    Download complete ai answers (CSV)

  • The questions we asked

    question-catalogue.csv

    One question with the migrant profile, wording and purpose.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

    143rows

    Download the questions we asked (CSV)

  • Planned questions, platforms and countries

    execution-assignments.csv

    One question, platform and country we planned to collect an answer from.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

    824rows

    Download planned questions, platforms and countries (CSV)

  • The 27 missing answers

    missing-cells.csv

    One expected answer that was not collected.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

    27rows

    Download the 27 missing answers (CSV)

  • Locations named for each migrant profile

    location-by-persona.csv

    How often a place was named in the twelve New Zealand answers for each migrant profile.

    persona, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles, wording_count, surface_count

    342rows

    Download locations named for each migrant profile (CSV)

  • Locations named across question wordings

    location-by-wording.csv

    One profile, platform and place, showing which versions of the question led to an answer naming the place.

    persona, surface, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles

    1,368rows

    Download locations named across question wordings (CSV)

  • Locations named by collection country

    location-by-region.csv

    One place and country setting; the China comparison has nine answers on Google AI Mode only.

    region, place, answers, denominator, surfaces

    304rows

    Download locations named by collection country (CSV)

  • Eight countries on Google AI Mode

    location-ai-mode-eight-regions.csv

    One place and country across the same nine questions on Google AI Mode.

    region, place, answers, denominator

    304rows

    Download eight countries on google ai mode (CSV)

  • Matched local and overseas answers

    matched-region-answer-pairs.csv

    A New Zealand answer alongside the same question and platform using another country setting.

    region, surface, persona, question_id, result_id, nz_result_id, same_place_set, jaccard, added_names, omitted_names

    261rows

    Download matched local and overseas answers (CSV)

  • Topics explicitly raised in the answers

    signals-by-output-platform.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by topic and platform.

    output, surface, signal, answers, denominator

    1,120rows

    Download topics explicitly raised in the answers (CSV)

  • Topics raised for each migrant profile

    signals-by-persona-output.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by migrant profile and topic.

    output, persona, signal, answers, denominator

    1,876rows

    Download topics raised for each migrant profile (CSV)

  • Website addresses in captured answers

    captured-answer-links.csv

    Web addresses saved in the original answers, with image and file links identified.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, url, domain, host_class, image_or_asset

    2,003rows

    Download website addresses in captured answers (CSV)

  • Extra table: links excluding images and files

    captured-links-by-platform.csv

    One platform across the same 143 New Zealand questions. The table excludes image and file links; the main Sources section counts those links.

    surface, denominator, answers_with_links, answers_with_govt_links

    4rows

    Download extra table: links excluding images and files (CSV)

  • Captured answer lengths

    platform-answer-length.csv

    One platform across the same 143 local questions.

    surface, answers, median_words, mean_words

    4rows

    Download captured answer lengths (CSV)

  • Recorded websites by answer

    sources-by-answer.csv

    Each website recorded as a source for an answer, with the page addresses and number of statements linked to the website.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, publisher, claim_count, source_urls

    1,462rows

    Download recorded websites by answer (CSV)

  • Recorded sources and their original claims

    source-claim-ledger.csv

    Sources attached to individual statements, with the original answer, quotation and source passage.

    narrative_id, claim_id, question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, url, source_passage, claim_quote, quote_exact

    3,105rows

    Download recorded sources and their original claims (CSV)

  • Answers with sources and answers with links

    source-answer-coverage.csv

    Each New Zealand answer, showing whether sources were recorded and whether the answer text contains a web link.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, associated_websites, had_sources, literal_url_answer

    572rows

    Download answers with sources and answers with links (CSV)

  • Website publisher classifications

    source-publisher-classification.csv

    Each website, the type of organisation behind the website and the reason for the category. Unconfirmed types remain Other.

    domain, publisher, basis, source

    332rows

    Download website publisher classifications (CSV)

  • Tone toward each place

    place-sentiment-ledger.csv

    One named place in one answer, with the positive, neutral, negative or mixed label, supporting passages and reason. All 108 New Zealand answers about where to live were reviewed.

    result_id, question_id, prompt_id, persona, assistant, region, place, stance, paragraph_numbers, supporting_passages, display_passage, reason, answer_sha256, reviewed_on

    630rows

    Download tone toward each place (CSV)

  • Facts supplied in each question

    prompt-reporting-eligibility.csv

    Every question, with corrected descriptions of the facts stated and limits on interpreting its answers.

    question_id, reviewed_on, prompt_sha256, original_stated_facts, corrected_stated_facts, metadata_changed, destination_explicit, descriptive_counts_included, interpretation_rule

    143rows

    Download facts supplied in each question (CSV)

  • Sources across question styles

    source-wording-incidence.csv

    One website, profile, topic and platform, with answer totals, question styles and the original answer references.

    persona, output, surface, domain, answers_with_source, eligible_answers, wording_styles_with_source, eligible_wording_styles, observed_styles, eligible_styles, answer_ids, by_style

    2,144rows

    Download sources across question styles (CSV)

  • Questions with corrected fact descriptions

    question-catalogue-reviewed.csv

    The unchanged original question text with fact descriptions reviewed on 28 October 2026.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

    143rows

    Download questions with corrected fact descriptions (CSV)

  • Statements checked against official sources

    statement-checks.csv

    One checked statement, with its exact passage, verdict, official source, review date and original answer reference.

    check_id, measure_id, question_checked, result_id, prompt_id, question_id, persona, assistant, wording, exact_statement, verdict, what_the_source_says, source_name, source_url, checked_on, answer_sha256

    47rows

    Download statements checked against official sources (CSV)

  • Policy questions covered by the checks

    statement-measures.csv

    One policy question, showing checked statements, original answers and the question wordings represented.

    measure_id, question_checked, checked_statements, distinct_answers, wording_styles_with_checked_assertions, wording_styles, answer_ids, question_ids, scope

    27rows

    Download policy questions covered by the checks (CSV)

Use the question and answer numbers to follow the evidence between tables. Locations named in warnings and comparisons count. Sources attached to an answer and web links in the answer text are counted separately.

03

The reviewed evidence

We read all 108 New Zealand answers about where to live to assess the tone toward each named place. A separate selection of 41 answers explores practical advice and contrasts across topics. The original policy checks were made on 22 October and expanded on 28 October 2026; verdicts cover selected statements, not every answer.

ChatGPT · New Zealand country setting

New Zealand partner visa options after living overseas when moving with a citizen partner and preschool child

New Zealand partner visa options when moving home with your citizen partner and preschool child

If you’re moving to New Zealand after living overseas with your partner, and your partner is a New Zealand citizen, there are several possible visa pathways. The main factors are how long you’ve lived together, whether you’re legally married or in a civil union, your partner’s residence history, and your own nationality and immigration status.

Having a preschool-aged child together can help demonstrate that your relationship is genuine and established, but it does not automatically grant you a visa or replace the partnership evidence Immigration New Zealand requires.

The key distinction is whether you want to move to New Zealand temporarily first or settle there permanently.

1. The main visa options

Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa

For settling permanently

If you have lived together in a genuine and stable relationship for at least 12 months, you may be eligible to apply for residence. This lets you live, work and study in New Zealand indefinitely.

  • Your New Zealand citizen partner supports the application.
  • You can include eligible dependent children in the residence application.
  • If you have lived together overseas for at least five years and your partner has also lived outside New Zealand for at least five years, you may qualify for a Permanent Resident Visa directly instead. Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa » Immigration New Zealand

Official visa details and application

Partner of a New Zealander Work Visa

For working while you settle in

A temporary visa that allows you to work in New Zealand while living with your citizen partner.

Official work visa details

Partner of a New Zealander Visitor Visa

Useful if you want to relocate initially without working, or need time to prepare a longer-term application.

  • Depending on how long you have lived together, it may be granted for up to three years.
  • You generally cannot work in New Zealand on this visa.
  • You may include eligible dependent children in the visitor visa application.
  • You must meet the visitor visa requirements, including the requirement to show that you can leave New Zealand at the end of your stay. Partner of a New Zealander Visitor Visa » Immigration New Zealand

Official visitor visa details

Fees and processing estimates can change, so check the official pages when deciding when to apply.

2. What matters if you have been living overseas?

Living overseas together can count towards the relationship-duration requirements. You do not necessarily need to move to New Zealand first and accumulate another 12 months here.

Immigration New Zealand assesses whether you are genuinely living together as a couple, rather than simply being married or having a child together. Evidence can include: Partnership and how to prove it :: Immigration New Zealand

  • Joint tenancy agreements, mortgage documents or proof of shared addresses.
  • Joint bank accounts, shared bills and evidence of financial responsibilities.
  • Your child's birth certificate and evidence of shared parenting.
  • Travel records, photographs and a timeline of your relationship.
  • Evidence explaining any periods you spent apart, such as work commitments or family circumstances.

Important: A marriage certificate alone is not enough. Immigration New Zealand generally requires evidence that you are living together in a genuine and stable partnership.

3. What happens with your preschool child?

Your child's immigration status should be checked separately from yours.

If your child qualifies for citizenship, sorting out their citizenship registration and passport before travelling may simplify the move.

4. Which pathway might fit your family?

Your circumstances Route to investigate
You have lived together for 12 months or more and want to settle permanently Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa
You have lived together overseas for five years or more, and your NZ citizen partner has also lived overseas for five years or more Check eligibility for a Permanent Resident Visa directly
You have lived together for less than 12 months and want to work Partner of a New Zealander Work Visa
You want to arrive first without working Partner of a New Zealander Visitor Visa

These are starting points, not guarantees of eligibility. Your partner's history of supporting previous partnership-based residence applications can also affect eligibility.

5. Let’s narrow it down to your situation

The most useful details are how long you have lived together and whether you want to work as soon as you arrive.

Answer what you can; approximate answers are fine.

With those details, I can outline the likely visa route, whether you may be able to apply for residence from the outset, and how to organise the child's travel and citizenship paperwork.

Ask anything

ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Gemini · New Zealand country setting

New Zealand partner visa options after living overseas when moving with a citizen partner and preschool child

When moving to New Zealand with a New Zealand citizen partner and a preschool child after living overseas, your visa options depend primarily on how long you have lived together and how long your citizen partner has been outside New Zealand.

Immigration New Zealand (INZ) provides specific pathways for families returning from abroad or relocating together.

Main Visa Pathways

1. Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa (Standard 12+ Month Rule)

If you and your partner have lived together in a genuine and stable relationship for at least 12 months (under one roof), you can apply for a Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa.

  • The Benefit: This grants you residence straight away, meaning you can live, work, and study in New Zealand without restrictions.
  • The Child: Your preschool child can be included as a dependent child in this application to obtain residence alongside you.
  • Timing: You can apply for this visa either while you are still overseas or after arriving in New Zealand.

2. Direct Permanent Resident Visa (The 5-Year Offshore Rule)

If your partner is a New Zealand citizen and you have both been living together outside of New Zealand for 5 years or more, you may qualify directly for a Permanent Resident Visa rather than a standard resident visa.

  • Key Requirements:
    • Your New Zealand citizen partner must have spent less than 3 months a year in New Zealand during those 5 years.
    • You must apply while still overseas or within 3 months of your partner returning to New Zealand.
  • The Benefit: A Permanent Resident Visa gives you indefinite entry travel rights and permanent settling status right from day one. Your preschool child can also be included.

3. Partner of a New Zealander Work Visa (Temporary Pathway)

If you have been living together for less than 12 months, or if you prefer a stepping stone while sorting out immediate work rights before securing long-term residence, you can apply for a temporary Partner of a New Zealander Work Visa.

  • The Benefit: There is no minimum cohabitation period required for a temporary partner work visa, though you must still prove a genuine relationship. It allows you to work in New Zealand while you build up the 12-month living-together requirement needed for later residence.
  • Note on Children: Dependent children (such as a preschooler) generally cannot be included directly on a parent’s temporary work visa application; instead, they must apply for their own dependent child visitor or student visas based on their relationship to you or your partner.

What About Your Preschool Child?

  • Citizenship by Descent: Check if your preschool child is eligible for New Zealand citizenship by descent. If your partner was born in New Zealand (or in some cases, outside NZ if certain criteria are met), your child might already be a New Zealand citizen and can simply apply for a New Zealand passport, bypassing the need for a visa entirely.
  • Dependent Visas: If your child is not a citizen, they can be included as a dependent in your Resident visa application. If you travel on temporary visas first, they will need a Dependent Child Student or Visitor visa.

Key Evidence You Will Need

Regardless of the pathway chosen, Immigration New Zealand will require extensive proof that your relationship is genuine and stable. Because you are applying from overseas, gathering historical documentation is vital:

  • Proof of Co-habitation: Joint tenancy agreements, mortgage documents, utility bills, or mail addressed to both of you at the same overseas address spanning the required timeframe (12 months or 5 years).
  • Financial Interdependence: Joint bank accounts, shared credit cards, or shared major assets.
  • Family Evidence: Your child's birth certificate linking both parents, shared travel history, and photos together over time.
  • Character and Health: Police clearances from countries you have lived in and standard medical/chest X-ray checks.
Ask Gemini

Gemini is AI and can make mistakes.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Google AI Mode · New Zealand country setting

New Zealand partner visa options after living overseas when moving with a citizen partner and preschool child

When moving to New Zealand with a New Zealand citizen partner and a preschool child after living overseas, your visa pathways depend primarily on how long you have been living together in a stable, genuine relationship. Because you are traveling with a preschool child, their citizenship status is also a key consideration before departure.

1. Partnership Visa Options for the Partner

Immigration New Zealand (INZ) offers three main pathways for a non-New Zealand citizen partner, depending on your goals and timeline:

  • Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa :

  • When to use : If you have been living together in a genuine and stable relationship for 12 months or more.

  • Key details : Grants indefinite right to live, work, and study in New Zealand. Dependent children (such as your preschooler) can be included in the application.

  • Special overseas provision : If you have been living together overseas for 5 years or more , INZ may grant you a Permanent Resident Visa straight away rather than a standard resident visa (which normally requires holding it for 2 years before getting permanent status). [Immigration New Zealand]

  • Partner of a New Zealander Work Visa :

  • When to use : If you have lived together for at least 12 months, but prefer a work visa first, or if you want an intermediate step while sorting out long-term documentation. It allows you to live and work in New Zealand for up to 3 years.

  • Partner of a New Zealander Visitor Visa :

  • When to use : If you have been living together for less than 12 months, or if you just want to accompany your partner to New Zealand short-term while preparing a residency application. Note that this visa does not grant local work rights unless a change of conditions or separate work visa is secured.

2. Visas and Status for the Preschool Child

Before moving, check the citizenship status of your child:

  • New Zealand Citizenship by Descent : If your New Zealand citizen partner was born in New Zealand (or earned citizenship other than by descent), your child born overseas is likely eligible for New Zealand citizenship by descent through the Department of Internal Affairs. Getting them a New Zealand passport before travel means they enter as a citizen without needing a visa.

  • Including them in your application : If your child does not qualify for citizenship by descent, they can be included as a dependent child (aged 24 or younger) in your Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa or temporary visa application. [Immigration New Zealand]

3. Key Evidence Required

For any partnership-based category, you must prove you share a life together. Because you are coming from overseas, gathering comprehensive documentation is vital:

  • Joint bank accounts, shared rental agreements, or joint ownership of property overseas.

  • Utility bills, mobile phone bills, or official mail showing both names at the same overseas address over the required timeframe.

  • Photos, travel itineraries together, and communication records if you had any temporary periods of separation.

  • Birth certificate for your preschool child showing both parents' names.

If you'd like to narrow this down, please let me know:

  • How long you and your citizen partner have been living together continuously
  • Whether your New Zealand citizen partner was born in New Zealand or born overseas
  • Whether you are aiming to move immediately or plan ahead for residency

I can give you a clearer breakdown of the exact processing expectations and paperwork needed.

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026

AI Overviews · New Zealand country setting

New Zealand partner visa options after living overseas when moving with a citizen partner and preschool child

AI Overview

Moving to New Zealand with a citizen partner and a preschool child after living overseas opens up direct pathways to residency and work rights. Immigration New Zealand (INZ) heavily prioritizes couples who have an established history of cohabitation abroad.

The partner's eligibility relies entirely on the duration of time spent living together in a genuine and stable relationship.

1. Long-Term Overseas Relationship (5+ Years Together)

If you and your New Zealand citizen partner have lived together overseas for more than 5 years , you may skip the standard two-year waiting period for permanent residency.

  • The Fast-Track Option: You can apply for a Permanent Resident Visa outright.
  • Key Condition: The application must be submitted while you are still living overseas, or within the first 3 months of the NZ citizen partner returning to New Zealand.
  • Benefit: This grants immediate, indefinite living, working, and travel rights without requiring a standard resident visa first.

2. Standard Relationship (12+ Months Together)

If you have lived together for at least 12 months (but less than 5 years) overseas, you qualify for immediate residency.

  • The Visa: Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa.
  • Cost: From NZD $5,360.
  • Processing: 80% are processed within 7 months.
  • Path to PR: Once approved, you can live, work, and study indefinitely. After holding this visa for 2 years , you can apply for a Permanent Resident Visa.

3. Temporary Short-Term Cohabitation (Under 12 Months Together)

If you have lived together overseas for less than 12 months , you cannot apply for residency immediately. You must first enter New Zealand on a temporary visa to build up your 12-month cohabitation history.

  • The Visa: Partner of a New Zealander Work Visa.
  • Cost: From NZD $1,630.
  • Stay Length: Valid for up to 1 year if you have lived together for less than 12 months (up to 3 years for longer relationships).
  • Benefits: This is an "open" work visa, meaning you can work for any employer in any role. Once your cohabitation history reaches the 12-month mark, you can apply to transition to the Resident Visa.

4. Moving with a Preschool Child

Because one parent is a New Zealand citizen, the visa status of your preschool child depends heavily on whether they are already a citizen by descent:

  • Citizen by Descent: If your child was born overseas to a New Zealand citizen parent who was a citizen otherwise than by descent (e.g., born in NZ), the child is likely already a New Zealand citizen. You simply need to register their citizenship and apply for a New Zealand passport before traveling.
  • Dependent Child Visa: If the child does not automatically qualify for citizenship, they can be included as a dependent in the partner's residence application or travel on a Dependent Child Visitor Visa alongside the parent's temporary visa. Because the child is preschool-aged, domestic vs. international school fees will not yet apply.

Critical Relationship Evidence

For all partnership applications, INZ looks past marriage certificates and requires strict proof of shared physical cohabitation. You will need to provide documentation compiled from your time overseas, including:

  • Joint tenancy agreements, house deeds, or rental receipts.
  • Joint bank accounts or statements proving shared financial responsibilities.
  • Utility bills (power, internet, gas) addressed to both of you at the same physical location.
  • Mail, official correspondence, and medical records showing a shared residential address.

If you'd like to narrow down the best timeline, tell me:

  • Exactly how long have you and your partner lived together overseas?
  • Was your partner born in New Zealand , or did they get citizenship later?
  • When are you planning to physically move?

I can help you map out a precise application strategy based on your timeline.

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026