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Evidence · Immigration

Immigration: questions, answers and evidence

Read all 797 original answers and the tables behind the findings. The 27 missing answers are from the China comparison on three platforms.

questions
143
captured answers
797
missing responses
27
answers collected
15–20 October 2026

01

Every question, with its answers

Each question was written as a voter would ask it and went to all four assistants. Some were also asked from a town. Open a question to read every answer to it in full.

Showing 20 of 143 questions

Show all 143

02

The tables behind the study

Every figure on the study page comes from these tables. They are CSV files, which open in any spreadsheet.

  • Complete AI answers

    answers.csv

    One complete original answer, with the question, platform, country setting and migrant profile.

    question_id, surface_code, location_ref, result_id, prompt_id, platform, scan_id, collection_panel, question_text, response_text

    797rows

    Download complete ai answers (CSV)

  • The questions we asked

    question-catalogue.csv

    One question with the migrant profile, wording and purpose.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

    143rows

    Download the questions we asked (CSV)

  • Planned questions, platforms and countries

    execution-assignments.csv

    One question, platform and country we planned to collect an answer from.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

    824rows

    Download planned questions, platforms and countries (CSV)

  • The 27 missing answers

    missing-cells.csv

    One expected answer that was not collected.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

    27rows

    Download the 27 missing answers (CSV)

  • Locations named for each migrant profile

    location-by-persona.csv

    How often a place was named in the twelve New Zealand answers for each migrant profile.

    persona, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles, wording_count, surface_count

    342rows

    Download locations named for each migrant profile (CSV)

  • Locations named across question wordings

    location-by-wording.csv

    One profile, platform and place, showing which versions of the question led to an answer naming the place.

    persona, surface, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles

    1,368rows

    Download locations named across question wordings (CSV)

  • Locations named by collection country

    location-by-region.csv

    One place and country setting; the China comparison has nine answers on Google AI Mode only.

    region, place, answers, denominator, surfaces

    304rows

    Download locations named by collection country (CSV)

  • Eight countries on Google AI Mode

    location-ai-mode-eight-regions.csv

    One place and country across the same nine questions on Google AI Mode.

    region, place, answers, denominator

    304rows

    Download eight countries on google ai mode (CSV)

  • Matched local and overseas answers

    matched-region-answer-pairs.csv

    A New Zealand answer alongside the same question and platform using another country setting.

    region, surface, persona, question_id, result_id, nz_result_id, same_place_set, jaccard, added_names, omitted_names

    261rows

    Download matched local and overseas answers (CSV)

  • Topics explicitly raised in the answers

    signals-by-output-platform.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by topic and platform.

    output, surface, signal, answers, denominator

    1,120rows

    Download topics explicitly raised in the answers (CSV)

  • Topics raised for each migrant profile

    signals-by-persona-output.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by migrant profile and topic.

    output, persona, signal, answers, denominator

    1,876rows

    Download topics raised for each migrant profile (CSV)

  • Website addresses in captured answers

    captured-answer-links.csv

    Web addresses saved in the original answers, with image and file links identified.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, url, domain, host_class, image_or_asset

    2,003rows

    Download website addresses in captured answers (CSV)

  • Extra table: links excluding images and files

    captured-links-by-platform.csv

    One platform across the same 143 New Zealand questions. The table excludes image and file links; the main Sources section counts those links.

    surface, denominator, answers_with_links, answers_with_govt_links

    4rows

    Download extra table: links excluding images and files (CSV)

  • Captured answer lengths

    platform-answer-length.csv

    One platform across the same 143 local questions.

    surface, answers, median_words, mean_words

    4rows

    Download captured answer lengths (CSV)

  • Recorded websites by answer

    sources-by-answer.csv

    Each website recorded as a source for an answer, with the page addresses and number of statements linked to the website.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, publisher, claim_count, source_urls

    1,462rows

    Download recorded websites by answer (CSV)

  • Recorded sources and their original claims

    source-claim-ledger.csv

    Sources attached to individual statements, with the original answer, quotation and source passage.

    narrative_id, claim_id, question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, url, source_passage, claim_quote, quote_exact

    3,105rows

    Download recorded sources and their original claims (CSV)

  • Answers with sources and answers with links

    source-answer-coverage.csv

    Each New Zealand answer, showing whether sources were recorded and whether the answer text contains a web link.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, associated_websites, had_sources, literal_url_answer

    572rows

    Download answers with sources and answers with links (CSV)

  • Website publisher classifications

    source-publisher-classification.csv

    Each website, the type of organisation behind the website and the reason for the category. Unconfirmed types remain Other.

    domain, publisher, basis, source

    332rows

    Download website publisher classifications (CSV)

  • Tone toward each place

    place-sentiment-ledger.csv

    One named place in one answer, with the positive, neutral, negative or mixed label, supporting passages and reason. All 108 New Zealand answers about where to live were reviewed.

    result_id, question_id, prompt_id, persona, assistant, region, place, stance, paragraph_numbers, supporting_passages, display_passage, reason, answer_sha256, reviewed_on

    630rows

    Download tone toward each place (CSV)

  • Facts supplied in each question

    prompt-reporting-eligibility.csv

    Every question, with corrected descriptions of the facts stated and limits on interpreting its answers.

    question_id, reviewed_on, prompt_sha256, original_stated_facts, corrected_stated_facts, metadata_changed, destination_explicit, descriptive_counts_included, interpretation_rule

    143rows

    Download facts supplied in each question (CSV)

  • Sources across question styles

    source-wording-incidence.csv

    One website, profile, topic and platform, with answer totals, question styles and the original answer references.

    persona, output, surface, domain, answers_with_source, eligible_answers, wording_styles_with_source, eligible_wording_styles, observed_styles, eligible_styles, answer_ids, by_style

    2,144rows

    Download sources across question styles (CSV)

  • Questions with corrected fact descriptions

    question-catalogue-reviewed.csv

    The unchanged original question text with fact descriptions reviewed on 28 October 2026.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

    143rows

    Download questions with corrected fact descriptions (CSV)

  • Statements checked against official sources

    statement-checks.csv

    One checked statement, with its exact passage, verdict, official source, review date and original answer reference.

    check_id, measure_id, question_checked, result_id, prompt_id, question_id, persona, assistant, wording, exact_statement, verdict, what_the_source_says, source_name, source_url, checked_on, answer_sha256

    47rows

    Download statements checked against official sources (CSV)

  • Policy questions covered by the checks

    statement-measures.csv

    One policy question, showing checked statements, original answers and the question wordings represented.

    measure_id, question_checked, checked_statements, distinct_answers, wording_styles_with_checked_assertions, wording_styles, answer_ids, question_ids, scope

    27rows

    Download policy questions covered by the checks (CSV)

Use the question and answer numbers to follow the evidence between tables. Locations named in warnings and comparisons count. Sources attached to an answer and web links in the answer text are counted separately.

03

The reviewed evidence

We read all 108 New Zealand answers about where to live to assess the tone toward each named place. A separate selection of 41 answers explores practical advice and contrasts across topics. The original policy checks were made on 22 October and expanded on 28 October 2026; verdicts cover selected statements, not every answer.

ChatGPT · New Zealand country setting

hardest parts of student life in New Zealand on a tight budget and where to get help

The hardest parts of student life in New Zealand on a tight budget

Being a student in New Zealand can be challenging when money is limited. The pressure often comes from trying to balance study, living costs, work, and mental wellbeing at the same time. The good news is that there are support services available, and you don't have to wait until you're in a crisis to ask for help.

1. The biggest challenges students face

  1. Food and everyday essentials

Groceries, toiletries, phone bills and household supplies can quickly consume a small budget. Students may skip meals, buy less nutritious food or feel embarrassed about needing assistance.

What can help: student food banks, campus hardship funds, community food support and meal planning.

  1. Rent, power and accommodation

Rent, electricity, internet, transport and bond payments can leave little money for anything else. Flatting can also involve unexpected bills or difficult living arrangements.

What can help: accommodation advice, hardship grants, budgeting support and checking eligibility for government assistance.

  1. Balancing study and paid work

Working long hours to pay bills can reduce study time, disrupt sleep and make assignments or exams harder. Students may also struggle to find flexible employment.

What can help: campus employment services, academic extensions where appropriate, scholarships and checking student employment rights.

  1. Stress, loneliness and mental health

Financial uncertainty can lead to anxiety, shame, exhaustion and isolation. International students and people living away from family may have fewer people to turn to.

What can help: free or low-cost counselling, student wellbeing services, peer support and community helplines.

  1. Unexpected expenses and financial pressure

Course materials, laptops, travel, medical appointments and emergency costs can derail an already tight budget. Some students don't know which benefits or grants they might qualify for.

What can help: student hardship grants, scholarships, budgeting advice and Work and Income eligibility checks.

2. Where to get help in New Zealand

These are useful starting points across Aotearoa, regardless of which city you study in.

Your university or polytechnic student support team

Ask about emergency hardship grants, food parcels, free counselling, scholarships, accommodation advice and help with course costs. Support varies by institution, and some assistance may be available even if you are not receiving a student allowance.

Start here if you are enrolled in a course.

StudyLink

Check whether you qualify for a Student Allowance, student loan living costs or other assistance. Eligible students facing urgent hardship may also be able to get help with food.

Eligibility depends on your circumstances, course and residency status. FoodStudent Allowance

Work and Income

If you cannot cover essential costs, ask about possible help with food, rent, power bills and other urgent expenses. You do not necessarily have to be receiving a benefit to qualify for some assistance.

Some support has specific income, residency and hardship requirements. Help with living expensesFood

MoneyTalks

Get free, confidential help to make a budget, deal with debt and work out which support services you can access.

Get help to manage your moneyManaging your money

Citizens Advice Bureau (CAB)

Get help understanding your rights, finding local food banks, locating budgeting services and navigating government support.

Get help to manage your money

Mental health and emotional support

If money worries are affecting your sleep, mood or ability to study, you can talk to someone without having to solve every financial problem first.

  • 1737: call or text 1737 for free, confidential support, 24/7.
  • 1737 support website
  • Ask your institution about free or subsidised counselling.

Where to get help for mental healthHow 1737 Works

3. Practical ways to make a small student budget go further

  • Plan around your next payment. List your available money and the dates you expect to receive your next income or allowance.
  • Prioritise essentials. Put rent, food, power, transport and essential study expenses first.
  • Use student discounts. Check your student ID benefits for public transport, software, groceries and other everyday costs.
  • Reduce food costs without skipping meals. Cook in batches, share staples with flatmates if practical, and ask your student association about food parcels or low-cost meals.
  • Ask for help before bills become overdue. Contact your landlord, power company or other provider early to discuss payment arrangements.
  • Check every funding option. Look into scholarships, emergency grants and student support funds, not just loans.

For more official budgeting guidance, see Sorted and New Zealand's student guide to managing money. Get help to manage your moneyManaging your Money

4. What if you're an international student?

International students can face extra pressure from tuition fees, insurance, accommodation costs and restrictions on working under their visa conditions.

  • Contact your institution's international student adviser and student support team.
  • Ask whether you qualify for a hardship fund, food support or counselling.
  • Check your visa conditions before increasing your working hours.
  • Do not assume that all government benefits available to domestic students are available to you; eligibility varies by immigration status.

5. What should you do first?

If you're struggling right now, I would suggest this order:

  1. If you cannot afford food or essentials today: contact your student support team and ask about emergency food assistance. You can also contact Work and Income to check your eligibility.
  2. If rent or bills are becoming unmanageable: contact MoneyTalks for free financial mentoring and ask your institution about hardship funding.
  3. If the pressure is affecting your mental health: reach out to your student counselling service or call or text 1737.

You do not have to be completely out of money to ask for support.

Let me tailor this to your situation

The most useful options depend on whether you are studying domestically or internationally and which expense is causing the biggest problem.

Ask anything

ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Gemini · New Zealand country setting

hardest parts of student life in New Zealand on a tight budget and where to get help

Navigating student life in New Zealand on a tight budget comes with distinct structural challenges. Between soaring accommodation costs, inflation on everyday essentials, and balancing study with part-time work, making ends meet can take a heavy mental and financial toll.

Hardest Parts of Student Life on a Tight Budget

  • High Accommodation Costs and Poor Quality Housing: Rent is typically a student's largest weekly outflow. Securing a stable flat means managing upfront costs like bonds and rent in advance. Furthermore, many older student rentals across New Zealand suffer from poor insulation, dampness, and high heating bills during winter.
  • The Cost of Groceries and Essentials: Food prices have risen sharply, making basic nutrition a constant balancing act. Eating healthy fresh produce often gets sacrificed for cheap, highly processed foods to save money.
  • Balancing Work and Academic Burnout: Because student allowances or student loan living costs often do not stretch far enough—especially after paying rent—many students feel forced to take on heavy part-time hours. Balancing shifts in retail, hospitality, or supermarket sectors with lectures and assignments frequently leads to burnout.
  • Unexpected Expenses (Medical, Dental, and Transport): Living on a razor-thin budget means a single unexpected cost—such as a sudden car repair, a prescription, or dental work—can completely throw off a student's financial stability. Public transport costs or the expenses of running an older car add another layer of constant stress.

Where to Get Help in New Zealand

If you or someone you know is struggling, a network of government, institutional, and community support systems can help bridge the gap:

1. Financial Support & Government Assistance (StudyLink & Work and Income)

  • StudyLink: Ensure you are maximizing your entitlements. Depending on your age and parental income, you may be eligible for a Student Allowance (which does not have to be paid back) or Student Loan Living Costs.
  • Hardship Assistance: If you encounter an immediate crisis or find yourself in severe financial distress between study terms or during study breaks, you can check StudyLink for Jobseeker Support Student Hardship or apply through Work and Income (MSD) for a recoverable assistance grant or civil/emergency hardship grant.

2. University and Tertiary Institution Support

  • Student Hardship Funds and Grants: Every major university and polytech in New Zealand (e.g., UoW, Otago, Massey, UC, AUT, Victoria, etc.) operates internal hardship grants. These are small emergency grants or food grants distributed by the student association (VUWSA, UCSA, OUSA, etc.) or equity office to help with immediate grocery or utility bills.
  • Free Counseling and Pastoral Care: Financial stress heavily impacts mental health. Campuses provide free, confidential counseling and health services to enrolled students.
  • Student Job Search (SJS): A free employment service specifically for students looking for reliable, flexible part-time or summer work.

3. Community and Food Security Support

  • Student Association Foodbanks: Most campus student unions run confidential food banks or low-cost community pantries for students running low on groceries.
  • Local Budgeting Services: Free, confidential financial mentoring is available across the country via organizations supported by FinCap (National Federation of Budgeting Services) to help structure debt or tight weekly cash flows.

What specific aspect of your budget or student situation are you trying to navigate right now?

Ask Gemini

Gemini is AI and can make mistakes.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Google AI Mode · New Zealand country setting

hardest parts of student life in New Zealand on a tight budget and where to get help

Navigating tertiary education in Aotearoa New Zealand on a strict budget comes with severe hurdles. The combination of soaring inflation, high rental markets, and rigid academic demands creates intense pressure.

Hardest Parts of Student Life on a Tight Budget

  • Sky-High Accommodation Costs: Rent takes up the lion's share of a student weekly budget. Finding safe, dry, and affordable flatting or residential hall options close to campuses has become fiercely competitive and expensive. [RNZ]

  • The Grocery and Utility Squeeze: The cost of essential food items, electricity, and internet means students frequently have to choose between heating their rooms and eating nutritious meals. [RNZ]

  • Balancing Work and Study Burnout: Because student allowances or living cost loans rarely cover actual living expenses, many are forced to take on heavy part-time work hours. Juggling a 40-hour study workload alongside a job often harms academic performance and triggers severe stress.

  • Mental Health Strain: Financial insecurity is a primary driver of anxiety, depression, and a sense of isolation among tertiary students. Worrying about upcoming bills makes it difficult to stay engaged or present in lectures. [NZ Herald]

Where to Get Help in New Zealand

  • StudyLink and Work and Income: Check your eligibility for the StudyLink Student Allowance or Student Loan for living costs. If you face an immediate crisis, Work and Income provides non-beneficiary grants or recoverable assistance for unexpected essential costs like emergency accommodation or medical bills.

  • Campus Student Associations and Hardest Support: Every major polytechnic, wānanga, and university has a student association (VUWSA, UCSA, OUSA, etc.) that runs free food banks, community pantries, hardship grants, and advocacy services. Reach out to your campus student union early.

  • Tertiary Student Services: Your institution's student health and counselling hubs offer subsidised or free medical care, mental health counseling, and dedicated on-campus financial advisors/budgeting support.

  • Money Talks: A confidential, free financial helpline where trained financial mentors can help you structure a budget and connect you with local budgeting services. You can text them at 4029 or visit Money Talks.

  • Need to Talk? Helpline: Free call or text 1737 anytime to speak with a trained counselor if financial stress is impacting your mental health.

If you'd like, let me know:

  • Whether you are studying full-time or part-time
  • If you are currently living independently or at home

I can give you more tailored advice on what specific financial entitlements or grants you might qualify for.

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026

AI Overviews · New Zealand country setting

hardest parts of student life in New Zealand on a tight budget and where to get help

AI Overview

High living costs , specifically for housing and food, are widely reported as the most challenging aspects of student life in New Zealand on a tight budget. A nationwide student poverty crisis has seen over two-thirds of university students struggle to afford basic necessities, driving a massive surge in the use of campus foodbanks and emergency hardship funds.

The primary structural challenges and the specific local resources available to help you navigate them are outlined below.

The Hardest Financial Pressures

  • The Rental Market: Housing is the single largest expense, with standard off-campus rooms in shared flats costing anywhere from $180 to $400+ per week depending on the city. Rent frequently consumes over half of a standard weekly student income, leaving very tight margins for other needs.
  • Grocery Inflation: The cost of food has risen significantly, making fresh produce and basic groceries a major source of financial stress.
  • Income Gaps: Government Student Allowances (roughly $320–$345 per week) or Student Loan living costs caps often fail to cover the combined real-world costs of rent, utilities, and transport.

Where to Get Emergency Food and Financial Help

Every major tertiary institution in New Zealand operates dedicated support services specifically designed to prevent students from dropping out due to short-term financial distress.

  • Campus Foodbanks & Pantries: Student associations run entirely free, confidential food banks for students who cannot afford groceries. For example, the OUSA Student Support Hub at Otago provides food bags, while organizations like the AUT Student Association (AUSA) and the Victoria University of Wellington Students' Association (VUWSA) regularly restock emergency food shelves for those in immediate need.
  • University Hardship & Emergency Funds: Universities offer one-off emergency grants (typically ranging from $250 to $2,000) to cover critical arrears like unpaid rent, utility bills, unexpected medical costs, or emergency travel. Notable funds include the University of Auckland Emergency Fund, Otago's Pūtea Tautoko Student Relief Fund, and the UCSA Financial Assistance options at the University of Canterbury.

Where to Get Budgeting Advice & Job Placement

  • Free Financial Mentoring: Instead of paying for financial advice, you can use the free, independent resources provided by Sorted NZ. Most student hubs also have dedicated Student Support Advisors who will sit down with you confidentially to look over your bank statements and build a functional budget.
  • Student Job Search (SJS): If you need to supplement your income, Student Job Search is a national, student-specific platform that connects learners with flexible, part-time work and casual one-off jobs. (Note: In late 2025, work limits for eligible student visa holders were adjusted to allow up to 25 hours per week during term time).
  • Government Assistance: Ensure you are receiving everything you are legally entitled to through StudyLink. If you face long academic breaks (over 3 weeks) and cannot find employment, you can apply for the Jobseeker Support Student Hardship benefit through Work and Income (WINZ).

Immediate Cost-Cutting Tactics

Expense Category Actionable Strategy
Groceries Bypass premium supermarkets and shop at low-cost warehouse chains like PAK'nSAVE, or visit local weekend markets for cheaper fresh produce.
Transport Always apply for your Student Transit Concession. Using your student ID card links a discount to local transit cards (like Auckland's AT HOP card), reducing standard daily commuting costs by up to 20% to 50%.
Medical Register with your university's student health clinic or a local General Practitioner (GP) early. Student health center visits are heavily subsidized compared to standard private community doctors.

To give you the most accurate advice, are you a domestic or international student, and are you currently looking for help with immediate emergency costs or long-term budgeting?

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026