Evidence · Immigration

Immigration: questions, answers and evidence

Read all 797 original answers and the tables behind the findings. The 27 missing answers are from the China comparison on three platforms.

questions
143
captured answers
797
missing responses
27
answers collected
15–20 October 2026

01

Every question, with its answers

Each question was written as a voter would ask it and went to all four assistants. Some were also asked from a town. Open a question to read every answer to it in full.

Showing 20 of 143 questions

02

The tables behind the study

Every figure on the study page comes from these tables. They are CSV files, which open in any spreadsheet.

  • Complete AI answers

    answers.csv

    One complete original answer, with the question, platform, country setting and migrant profile.

    question_id, surface_code, location_ref, result_id, prompt_id, platform, scan_id, collection_panel, question_text, response_text

  • The questions we asked

    question-catalogue.csv

    One question with the migrant profile, wording and purpose.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Planned questions, platforms and countries

    execution-assignments.csv

    One question, platform and country we planned to collect an answer from.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • The 27 missing answers

    missing-cells.csv

    One expected answer that was not collected.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • Locations named for each migrant profile

    location-by-persona.csv

    How often a place was named in the twelve New Zealand answers for each migrant profile.

    persona, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles, wording_count, surface_count

  • Locations named across question wordings

    location-by-wording.csv

    One profile, platform and place, showing which versions of the question led to an answer naming the place.

    persona, surface, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles

  • Locations named by collection country

    location-by-region.csv

    One place and country setting; the China comparison has nine answers on Google AI Mode only.

    region, place, answers, denominator, surfaces

  • Eight countries on Google AI Mode

    location-ai-mode-eight-regions.csv

    One place and country across the same nine questions on Google AI Mode.

    region, place, answers, denominator

  • Matched local and overseas answers

    matched-region-answer-pairs.csv

    A New Zealand answer alongside the same question and platform using another country setting.

    region, surface, persona, question_id, result_id, nz_result_id, same_place_set, jaccard, added_names, omitted_names

  • Topics explicitly raised in the answers

    signals-by-output-platform.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by topic and platform.

    output, surface, signal, answers, denominator

  • Topics raised for each migrant profile

    signals-by-persona-output.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by migrant profile and topic.

    output, persona, signal, answers, denominator

  • Website addresses in captured answers

    captured-answer-links.csv

    Web addresses saved in the original answers, with image and file links identified.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, url, domain, host_class, image_or_asset

  • Extra table: links excluding images and files

    captured-links-by-platform.csv

    One platform across the same 143 New Zealand questions. The table excludes image and file links; the main Sources section counts those links.

    surface, denominator, answers_with_links, answers_with_govt_links

  • Captured answer lengths

    platform-answer-length.csv

    One platform across the same 143 local questions.

    surface, answers, median_words, mean_words

  • Recorded websites by answer

    sources-by-answer.csv

    Each website recorded as a source for an answer, with the page addresses and number of statements linked to the website.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, publisher, claim_count, source_urls

  • Recorded sources and their original claims

    source-claim-ledger.csv

    Sources attached to individual statements, with the original answer, quotation and source passage.

    narrative_id, claim_id, question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, url, source_passage, claim_quote, quote_exact

  • Answers with sources and answers with links

    source-answer-coverage.csv

    Each New Zealand answer, showing whether sources were recorded and whether the answer text contains a web link.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, associated_websites, had_sources, literal_url_answer

  • Website publisher classifications

    source-publisher-classification.csv

    Each website, the type of organisation behind the website and the reason for the category. Unconfirmed types remain Other.

    domain, publisher, basis, source

  • Tone toward each place

    place-sentiment-ledger.csv

    One named place in one answer, with the positive, neutral, negative or mixed label, supporting passages and reason. All 108 New Zealand answers about where to live were reviewed.

    result_id, question_id, prompt_id, persona, assistant, region, place, stance, paragraph_numbers, supporting_passages, display_passage, reason, answer_sha256, reviewed_on

  • Facts supplied in each question

    prompt-reporting-eligibility.csv

    Every question, with corrected descriptions of the facts stated and limits on interpreting its answers.

    question_id, reviewed_on, prompt_sha256, original_stated_facts, corrected_stated_facts, metadata_changed, destination_explicit, descriptive_counts_included, interpretation_rule

  • Sources across question styles

    source-wording-incidence.csv

    One website, profile, topic and platform, with answer totals, question styles and the original answer references.

    persona, output, surface, domain, answers_with_source, eligible_answers, wording_styles_with_source, eligible_wording_styles, observed_styles, eligible_styles, answer_ids, by_style

  • Questions with corrected fact descriptions

    question-catalogue-reviewed.csv

    The unchanged original question text with fact descriptions reviewed on 28 October 2026.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Statements checked against official sources

    statement-checks.csv

    One checked statement, with its exact passage, verdict, official source, review date and original answer reference.

    check_id, measure_id, question_checked, result_id, prompt_id, question_id, persona, assistant, wording, exact_statement, verdict, what_the_source_says, source_name, source_url, checked_on, answer_sha256

  • Policy questions covered by the checks

    statement-measures.csv

    One policy question, showing checked statements, original answers and the question wordings represented.

    measure_id, question_checked, checked_statements, distinct_answers, wording_styles_with_checked_assertions, wording_styles, answer_ids, question_ids, scope

Use the question and answer numbers to follow the evidence between tables. Locations named in warnings and comparisons count. Sources attached to an answer and web links in the answer text are counted separately.

03

The reviewed evidence

We read all 108 New Zealand answers about where to live to assess the tone toward each named place. A separate selection of 41 answers explores practical advice and contrasts across topics. The original policy checks were made on 22 October and expanded on 28 October 2026; verdicts cover selected statements, not every answer.

ChatGPT · New Zealand country setting

I'm a hospitality manager considering moving on my own. I need year-round work and I'm worried about high rent. What might make New Zealand a bad fit for me?

New Zealand could be a difficult fit for you as a hospitality manager moving on your own, particularly if your priorities are reliable year-round employment, affordable rent, and enough money left over to enjoy life rather than just cover bills.

The biggest concern isn't necessarily finding hospitality work. It's finding a stable, full-time management role that pays enough to cover housing and living costs without relying on seasonal peaks, overtime, or a second income.

What might make New Zealand a poor fit?

1. Rent could consume too much of your salary

Housing is probably your biggest concern when living alone. In June 2026, median weekly rent for newly lodged rental bonds ranged from about NZ$468 to NZ$650 across New Zealand's regions. That's roughly $2,030–$2,817 per month, before utilities. Auckland was the most expensive at $650 per week. Median weekly rent in New Zealand

Those are regional rental figures, not necessarily the cost of a one-bedroom flat; your actual options will vary. But if you want your own place rather than a flatshare, affordability could narrow your choices considerably.

2. Management responsibility may not translate into high pay

The Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment's 2025 hospitality workforce survey reported an average salary of $80,101 among surveyed hospitality and tourism workers on salaries. This is an industry-wide average, not a manager-specific salary or a guaranteed offer. The survey also found that 57% of respondents earned below the Living Wage benchmark used in the report. Hospitality and tourism employment: Strengthening futures 2025

If you're already an experienced manager, you might find that some roles offer less financial upside than the workload suggests, especially in smaller cafés, restaurants and independent venues.

3. Year-round work may require choosing the right type of employer

Tourism and hospitality demand can fluctuate with seasons, visitor numbers and local events. Resort hotels, ski destinations, holiday parks and some tourist-focused restaurants can have seasonal peaks or reduced winter demand.

That doesn't mean New Zealand lacks permanent hospitality jobs. It means that if you need predictable income throughout the year, accepting a role based on a busy summer season or a short-term contract could leave you exposed.

4. Long hours could undermine the lifestyle you're moving for

Hospitality management often involves evenings, weekends, public holidays, staff shortages and being on call for problems. The 2025 industry survey found average actual working hours of 33.3 per week across respondents, but that figure includes part-time workers and shouldn't be treated as a typical manager's workload. The report identifies wellbeing, fair pay and retention as continuing concerns. Hospitality and tourism employment: Strengthening futures 2025

If you move alone, there is no second household income to cushion you if you need to cut hours or take time off.

5. Affordable areas may have fewer suitable management vacancies

Looking beyond the most expensive rental markets may help, but there is a trade-off: a smaller town may have fewer employers, fewer senior vacancies and less choice if a job doesn't work out.

Conversely, larger employment centres may offer a wider range of hotels, restaurant groups, conference venues and institutional catering employers, but housing costs can be harder to manage. You would need to compare actual vacancies and rents rather than assume a cheaper region will automatically be the better financial choice.

6. Moving without a job lined up could be financially risky

You may need savings for travel, a rental bond, rent in advance, household essentials and everyday expenses while searching for work. If you arrive during a quiet hiring period, your savings could shrink quickly.

If you need a work visa, your immigration eligibility and any employer-specific conditions also need checking before you commit to the move.

What the finances could look like

Here's an illustrative monthly budget for one person renting alone. These are planning estimates, not official national averages or a quote for any particular city.

Expense Monthly estimate
Rent $2,200–$2,800
Power, internet and phone $180–$300
Groceries and household items $450–$650
Transport $150–$450
Other essentials and personal spending $300–$500
Total $3,280–$4,700

A salary of $80,000 a year is approximately $6,667 per month before tax. After income tax and the ACC earners' levy, take-home pay would be roughly $5,000 per month, before any KiwiSaver contributions or other deductions.

That could be workable, but a higher rent, car costs, debt repayments or a lower-paid job could quickly reduce your financial breathing room.

What would make New Zealand more viable?

I'd be cautious about moving unless you can establish three things first:

  • A permanent, full-time job: ideally with a stable hotel, established restaurant group, aged-care or hospital catering operation, or another employer whose demand isn't heavily dependent on tourist seasons.
  • A realistic salary-to-rent balance: work out your expected take-home pay against actual rentals you would be willing to live in, not just advertised salary figures.
  • A financial buffer: enough savings to cover relocation costs and several months of essential expenses if the job falls through.

If those conditions aren't achievable, New Zealand could be a frustrating choice even if you enjoy the country and the hospitality industry.

My overall assessment

Your two biggest risks are being priced out of living alone and accepting a management role that doesn't provide enough financial security. Seasonal work is a further concern, but it can be managed by targeting employers with consistent demand.

One question would help me make this much more specific: Are you already living in New Zealand and considering moving to another part of the country, or would you be relocating to New Zealand from overseas? The employment, visa and relocation risks differ substantially.

Ask anything

ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Gemini · New Zealand country setting

I'm a hospitality manager considering moving on my own. I need year-round work and I'm worried about high rent. What might make New Zealand a bad fit for me?

For a hospitality manager considering a solo move, New Zealand presents several structural challenges that could make it a difficult fit, particularly regarding your concerns about high living costs and year-round employment stability.

The primary factors that might make New Zealand a poor choice for your situation include:

1. High Cost of Living and Severe Rental Pressures

New Zealand—especially in major centers and desirable tourism hubs—grapples with a high cost of living and a notoriously tight rental market.

  • Solo Living Penalties: Renting alone on a single income is financially punishing. A large portion of disposable income for single households goes directly toward housing, utilities, and escalating grocery and energy bills.
  • The "In-Work Poor" Phenomenon: Rent and essential living expenses frequently outstrip wage growth in middle-management sectors. Finding a rental property on a single income without spending an unsustainable percentage of your salary can be a major hurdle.

2. Seasonality and Year-Round Work Vulnerability

While New Zealand has vibrant tourism and hospitality peaks (particularly over the summer months), year-round consistency can be elusive outside of major cities.

  • Regional Volatility: Many of New Zealand’s premier hospitality and accommodation hotspots (such as Queenstown, parts of the Hawkes Bay, or smaller coastal resort towns) experience sharp seasonal troughs.
  • Hours and Stability: In smaller or highly seasonal markets, businesses often scale back operations, cut back management hours, or experience significant revenue drops during the off-season. Finding a genuinely secure, guaranteed year-round management role that isn't vulnerable to seasonal downturns requires targeting a very specific subset of urban properties.

3. Wage-to-Cost Disconnect

Hospitality wages in New Zealand often lag behind the actual cost of living, particularly when weighed against housing inflation. While management roles pay better than entry-level front-line positions, middle-management salaries frequently do not scale proportionally with the high cost of rent, insurance, and utilities. This can leave solo managers feeling like they are working long, demanding hours just to tread water financially.

4. Geographic Isolation and Support Networks

Moving on your own to a geographically isolated country means you will be building a support network entirely from scratch. Given that hospitality management notoriously involves long hours, split shifts, and weekend work, the combination of social isolation, high living expenses, and a demanding career can lead quickly to burnout if you don't have an established local safety net.


Would you like to explore which specific regions or types of establishments in New Zealand manage to offer the most stable year-round hospitality work?

Ask Gemini

Gemini is AI and can make mistakes.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Google AI Mode · New Zealand country setting

I'm a hospitality manager considering moving on my own. I need year-round work and I'm worried about high rent. What might make New Zealand a bad fit for me?

New Zealand may be a poor fit for a solo hospitality manager worried about high rent and seeking year-round stability due to a high cost-of-living-to-wage ratio, severe regional seasonality, and a competitive rental market.

While major metropolitan centers offer year-round hospitality management roles, they feature some of the least affordable rental markets relative to local salaries. Conversely, New Zealand's premier tourism and hospitality hubs—such as alpine or resort towns—suffer from extreme peaks and troughs or severe housing shortages that strain single incomes.

Key Factors Making New Zealand a Challenging Fit

  • High Rental Costs in Major Employment Hubs: Rent in main urban areas (like Auckland, Wellington, and Queenstown) consumes a massive portion of a single earner's income. Independent single-bedroom rentals are expensive, and a solo manager not sharing accommodation will find housing takes up a disproportionate percentage of weekly take-home pay.

  • Regional Seasonality vs. Year-Round Needs: Many of New Zealand’s vibrant hospitality regions (such as alpine ski towns or coastal summer hotspots) operate on intense seasonal cycles. While management roles exist year-round, businesses in purely seasonal tourist towns often cut back hours, reduce operations, or experience severe revenue drops during shoulder seasons, threatening financial stability. [KiwiCost]

  • Isolate Housing Shortages in Tourism Hotspots: Premier tourism towns where hospitality thrives often face acute local housing crises. Long-term rental stock is squeezed by holiday homes and short-term rentals (like Airbnb), making it exceptionally difficult for a single person arriving alone to secure stable, reasonably priced year-round accommodation. [KiwiCost]

  • Modest Hospitality Management Salaries: General wages and management salaries in New Zealand's hospitality sector frequently lag behind the rapid increases seen in housing and general consumer goods (such as groceries and utilities), meaning disposable income after paying rent can be quite tight.

  • Limited Public Transit Outside Main Centres: If you try to combat high rent by living further out in smaller, more affordable semi-rural areas, the lack of robust public transportation networks across New Zealand means you will likely need to buy, insure, and maintain a car, adding a significant fixed monthly expense to your budget.

If you'd like to narrow this down, please tell me:

  • What minimum annual salary or hourly rate you are targeting?
  • Whether you are open to flatting (shared housing) as a single adult to cut down on rent?
Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026

AI Overviews · New Zealand country setting

I'm a hospitality manager considering moving on my own. I need year-round work and I'm worried about high rent. What might make New Zealand a bad fit for me?

AI Overview

Moving to New Zealand solo as a hospitality manager brings specific challenges, particularly concerning your need for year-round stability and your concerns about housing costs. While the broader tourism sector is seeing strong international visitor arrivals, structural economic shifts and high fixed costs mean New Zealand might be a difficult fit for you for the following reasons:

1. High Relative Rent vs. Single Income Costs

The rental market poses a significant challenge for a solo occupant. Rent in New Zealand is priced and paid weekly , rather than monthly.

  • The Cost: The national median weekly rent sits at approximately $625 to $635 per week. This translates to roughly $2,700+ per month if you want your own place.
  • The Solo Penalty: Because living alone is so expensive, the vast majority of single migrants choose "flatting" (living with roommates in a shared house), which costs closer to $150–$290 per week. If sharing a kitchen and bathroom with strangers is a dealbreaker for you, independent rental costs will consume a massive percentage of a single hospitality manager's take-home pay.

2. Industry Volatility and Business Closures

While high-end hotels are performing well, the wider food, beverage, and hospitality sector has faced severe financial strain.

  • Surging Closures: The industry experienced a staggering 49% surge in liquidations over a 12-month period, with over 400 bars, cafes, and restaurants shutting down due to compounding debt, tax collection, and low domestic consumer spending.
  • Employment Risk: This volatile business landscape means that even if you secure a management role, the risk of your employer facing financial distress or sudden closure is notably higher than in other sectors.

3. The Challenge of Year-Round Work

Achieving true year-round stability in New Zealand hospitality requires careful geographic planning, which conflicts with avoiding high rents:

  • The Tourist Hub Dilemma: Areas with guaranteed, high-performing year-round hospitality demand—such as Queenstown—suffer from severe housing shortages. In fact, the Otago region (which includes Queenstown) recently bypassed Auckland to become the most expensive rental market in the country , averaging $700 per week.
  • The Seasonal Trap: More affordable provincial or coastal regions feature heavily seasonal hospitality markets. If you manage a venue in a smaller town, you may face reduced operational hours, lower revenue targets, or restructures when the winter or summer tourist peak ends.

4. Strict Visa Wage Thresholds

If you require an employer-sponsored work visa to migrate, immigration policies tie your stay directly to high median wage metrics. For example, pathways like the Skilled Work Experience pathway require you to earn 1.1× the median wage. With the median wage baseline set at $35.00 per hour , you would need to secure a management contract paying at least $38.50 per hour (~$80,000 annualized on a 40-hour week). While common for senior hotel managers, these salaries can be harder to secure in standard cafe or restaurant management roles.

To help narrow down if this move is viable, what specific sector of hospitality (e.g., luxury hotels, fine dining, large-scale bars) do you manage, and would you be open to flatting (house-sharing) to offset the rent?

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026