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Evidence · Immigration

Immigration: questions, answers and evidence

Read all 797 original answers and the tables behind the findings. The 27 missing answers are from the China comparison on three platforms.

questions
143
captured answers
797
missing responses
27
answers collected
15–20 October 2026

01

Every question, with its answers

Each question was written as a voter would ask it and went to all four assistants. Some were also asked from a town. Open a question to read every answer to it in full.

Showing 20 of 143 questions

Show all 143

02

The tables behind the study

Every figure on the study page comes from these tables. They are CSV files, which open in any spreadsheet.

  • Complete AI answers

    answers.csv

    One complete original answer, with the question, platform, country setting and migrant profile.

    question_id, surface_code, location_ref, result_id, prompt_id, platform, scan_id, collection_panel, question_text, response_text

    797rows

    Download complete ai answers (CSV)

  • The questions we asked

    question-catalogue.csv

    One question with the migrant profile, wording and purpose.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

    143rows

    Download the questions we asked (CSV)

  • Planned questions, platforms and countries

    execution-assignments.csv

    One question, platform and country we planned to collect an answer from.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

    824rows

    Download planned questions, platforms and countries (CSV)

  • The 27 missing answers

    missing-cells.csv

    One expected answer that was not collected.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

    27rows

    Download the 27 missing answers (CSV)

  • Locations named for each migrant profile

    location-by-persona.csv

    How often a place was named in the twelve New Zealand answers for each migrant profile.

    persona, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles, wording_count, surface_count

    342rows

    Download locations named for each migrant profile (CSV)

  • Locations named across question wordings

    location-by-wording.csv

    One profile, platform and place, showing which versions of the question led to an answer naming the place.

    persona, surface, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles

    1,368rows

    Download locations named across question wordings (CSV)

  • Locations named by collection country

    location-by-region.csv

    One place and country setting; the China comparison has nine answers on Google AI Mode only.

    region, place, answers, denominator, surfaces

    304rows

    Download locations named by collection country (CSV)

  • Eight countries on Google AI Mode

    location-ai-mode-eight-regions.csv

    One place and country across the same nine questions on Google AI Mode.

    region, place, answers, denominator

    304rows

    Download eight countries on google ai mode (CSV)

  • Matched local and overseas answers

    matched-region-answer-pairs.csv

    A New Zealand answer alongside the same question and platform using another country setting.

    region, surface, persona, question_id, result_id, nz_result_id, same_place_set, jaccard, added_names, omitted_names

    261rows

    Download matched local and overseas answers (CSV)

  • Topics explicitly raised in the answers

    signals-by-output-platform.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by topic and platform.

    output, surface, signal, answers, denominator

    1,120rows

    Download topics explicitly raised in the answers (CSV)

  • Topics raised for each migrant profile

    signals-by-persona-output.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by migrant profile and topic.

    output, persona, signal, answers, denominator

    1,876rows

    Download topics raised for each migrant profile (CSV)

  • Website addresses in captured answers

    captured-answer-links.csv

    Web addresses saved in the original answers, with image and file links identified.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, url, domain, host_class, image_or_asset

    2,003rows

    Download website addresses in captured answers (CSV)

  • Extra table: links excluding images and files

    captured-links-by-platform.csv

    One platform across the same 143 New Zealand questions. The table excludes image and file links; the main Sources section counts those links.

    surface, denominator, answers_with_links, answers_with_govt_links

    4rows

    Download extra table: links excluding images and files (CSV)

  • Captured answer lengths

    platform-answer-length.csv

    One platform across the same 143 local questions.

    surface, answers, median_words, mean_words

    4rows

    Download captured answer lengths (CSV)

  • Recorded websites by answer

    sources-by-answer.csv

    Each website recorded as a source for an answer, with the page addresses and number of statements linked to the website.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, publisher, claim_count, source_urls

    1,462rows

    Download recorded websites by answer (CSV)

  • Recorded sources and their original claims

    source-claim-ledger.csv

    Sources attached to individual statements, with the original answer, quotation and source passage.

    narrative_id, claim_id, question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, url, source_passage, claim_quote, quote_exact

    3,105rows

    Download recorded sources and their original claims (CSV)

  • Answers with sources and answers with links

    source-answer-coverage.csv

    Each New Zealand answer, showing whether sources were recorded and whether the answer text contains a web link.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, associated_websites, had_sources, literal_url_answer

    572rows

    Download answers with sources and answers with links (CSV)

  • Website publisher classifications

    source-publisher-classification.csv

    Each website, the type of organisation behind the website and the reason for the category. Unconfirmed types remain Other.

    domain, publisher, basis, source

    332rows

    Download website publisher classifications (CSV)

  • Tone toward each place

    place-sentiment-ledger.csv

    One named place in one answer, with the positive, neutral, negative or mixed label, supporting passages and reason. All 108 New Zealand answers about where to live were reviewed.

    result_id, question_id, prompt_id, persona, assistant, region, place, stance, paragraph_numbers, supporting_passages, display_passage, reason, answer_sha256, reviewed_on

    630rows

    Download tone toward each place (CSV)

  • Facts supplied in each question

    prompt-reporting-eligibility.csv

    Every question, with corrected descriptions of the facts stated and limits on interpreting its answers.

    question_id, reviewed_on, prompt_sha256, original_stated_facts, corrected_stated_facts, metadata_changed, destination_explicit, descriptive_counts_included, interpretation_rule

    143rows

    Download facts supplied in each question (CSV)

  • Sources across question styles

    source-wording-incidence.csv

    One website, profile, topic and platform, with answer totals, question styles and the original answer references.

    persona, output, surface, domain, answers_with_source, eligible_answers, wording_styles_with_source, eligible_wording_styles, observed_styles, eligible_styles, answer_ids, by_style

    2,144rows

    Download sources across question styles (CSV)

  • Questions with corrected fact descriptions

    question-catalogue-reviewed.csv

    The unchanged original question text with fact descriptions reviewed on 28 October 2026.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

    143rows

    Download questions with corrected fact descriptions (CSV)

  • Statements checked against official sources

    statement-checks.csv

    One checked statement, with its exact passage, verdict, official source, review date and original answer reference.

    check_id, measure_id, question_checked, result_id, prompt_id, question_id, persona, assistant, wording, exact_statement, verdict, what_the_source_says, source_name, source_url, checked_on, answer_sha256

    47rows

    Download statements checked against official sources (CSV)

  • Policy questions covered by the checks

    statement-measures.csv

    One policy question, showing checked statements, original answers and the question wordings represented.

    measure_id, question_checked, checked_statements, distinct_answers, wording_styles_with_checked_assertions, wording_styles, answer_ids, question_ids, scope

    27rows

    Download policy questions covered by the checks (CSV)

Use the question and answer numbers to follow the evidence between tables. Locations named in warnings and comparisons count. Sources attached to an answer and web links in the answer text are counted separately.

03

The reviewed evidence

We read all 108 New Zealand answers about where to live to assess the tone toward each named place. A separate selection of 41 answers explores practical advice and contrasts across topics. The original policy checks were made on 22 October and expanded on 28 October 2026; verdicts cover selected statements, not every answer.

ChatGPT · New Zealand country setting

childcare family support and settling back in New Zealand with a preschool child while looking for work

Settling back into New Zealand with a preschooler while looking for work

Moving back to New Zealand with a preschool-aged child while trying to find work can feel like managing three major things at once: childcare, financial stability, and rebuilding your family support network.

The good news is that there are several New Zealand services that may help you get established, reduce childcare costs, and return to work without having to organise everything at once.

I'd approach it in this order: secure a stable base for your family, explore childcare assistance, check financial support, and then build a realistic job-search plan around your child's care.

1. Childcare options and financial help

20 Hours ECE

Eligible children aged 3, 4 and 5 can receive up to 20 hours of funded early childhood education each week at participating services. This can reduce fees, although optional charges and additional hours may still cost money.

Ask local kindergartens, community preschools and early childhood centres about availability, hours, fees and waiting lists.

Childcare subsidies through Work and Income

Depending on your circumstances, you may qualify for a Childcare Subsidy or other assistance with early childhood care. Eligibility can depend on income, residency status, work or job-search circumstances, the child's age and the provider.

Check with Work and Income before committing to care you cannot afford.

Flexible or part-time childcare

If you're job hunting rather than working full-time, consider a few mornings per week, sessional kindergarten, or licensed home-based care. This can give you time for applications, interviews and appointments while helping your child settle into a routine.

Official information: 20 Hours ECE — Ministry of Education · Childcare assistance — Work and Income

2. Financial support while you're looking for work

You don't necessarily need to be employed to receive every type of family support. It's worth checking these options early.

  • Working for Families: Tax credits for eligible families raising dependent children. Payments depend on family income, care arrangements and residency requirements. Check Inland Revenue's eligibility information. Can you get Working for Families?Working for Families
  • Jobseeker Support or other income assistance: Contact Work and Income to discuss what you may qualify for while seeking employment. Your residency and work history, household circumstances and income can affect eligibility.
  • Accommodation Supplement: If you're paying rent or other eligible accommodation costs, ask whether you qualify for assistance.
  • Community Services Card: If eligible, this can help reduce some healthcare and prescription costs for you and your dependent children. You don't always need to be receiving a benefit to qualify. Community Services CardBenefits and allowances

An important point if you're returning after living overseas: if you've been away for 10 years or more and qualify for New Zealand's transitional tax-residency exemption, applying for Working for Families can mean losing that exemption. Check the implications with Inland Revenue before applying. New or returning residents

3. Family support and rebuilding your network

You don't have to rely solely on family or friends to get established again.

Parent groups and community activities

Look for library story times, playgroups, community centres, local toy libraries and parent meet-ups. These can help your preschooler develop friendships while you meet other parents and build informal support.

Family and community services

The Family Services Directory lists organisations providing family support, parenting assistance, housing help, food support, employment services and financial mentoring throughout New Zealand. Family Services Directory

Free budgeting and practical support

MoneyTalks offers free financial mentoring and can connect you with community services.

Source: New Zealand Government financial support information.

If you're arriving without much family support, it's reasonable to prioritise childcare and a few dependable local connections before trying to fill your calendar with job-search activities.

4. Finding work when you have a preschooler

A practical way to begin is to work backwards from the childcare you can reliably access.

  • Start with a manageable schedule. For example, arrange two or three mornings of childcare and use those hours for applications, calls and interviews.
  • Register with employment services. Work and Income can advise on employment-related support and available services. You can also look for jobs through Seek New Zealand and Trade Me Jobs.
  • Consider flexible work initially. Part-time, school-hours, hybrid or remote roles may help you balance the transition, depending on your occupation and childcare arrangements.
  • Keep childcare plans flexible. Once you have interviews or a job offer, ask your chosen centre about increasing hours and whether there is a waiting list for additional days.

You can also ask Work and Income about Flexible Childcare Assistance if you need informal care for employment-related activities and cannot access suitable formal childcare. Eligibility conditions apply. Flexible Childcare AssistanceChildcare

5. A manageable plan for your first month

Week 1 — Establish the basics

  • Confirm your accommodation and household budget.
  • Check eligibility for Work and Income and Inland Revenue support.
  • Contact two or three early childhood centres.

Week 2 — Settle your child

  • Visit potential childcare centres.
  • Establish a regular sleep, play and childcare routine.
  • Find a local playgroup or library activity.

Weeks 3–4 — Build your job-search routine

  • Update your CV and references.
  • Apply for a small, targeted selection of jobs each week.
  • Arrange interview childcare and explore employment support.

6. Let’s tailor this to your situation

I can help you put together a more specific plan for your family, including which payments to investigate, childcare options, and how to find work while your child settles in.

You don't need to have everything sorted before you start. The aim is to create enough stability for both you and your child that finding work becomes manageable, rather than another source of pressure.

Ask anything

ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Gemini · New Zealand country setting

childcare family support and settling back in New Zealand with a preschool child while looking for work

Settling back in New Zealand with a preschool child while simultaneously job hunting is an exciting milestone, but it can also feel like juggling a lot at once. Fortunately, New Zealand has a well-established framework of early childhood education subsidies, family support pathways, and employment assistance to help ease your transition.

1. Childcare & Early Childhood Education (ECE)

Navigating ECE is usually the first priority so you can free up time for job interviews and applications. New Zealand options are split into community-based, private, and home-based services.

  • The 20 Hours ECE Subsidy: If your child is 3, 4, or 5 years old, they are automatically entitled to 20 hours of free ECE per week (capped at 6 hours per day) at participating licensed early learning services or kindergartens. This is funded by the Ministry of Education and is open to all citizens and residents regardless of income.
  • Work and Income (MSD) Childcare Subsidy: If your child is under 5 and you need additional hours covered (for example, while you are actively looking for work, attending interviews, or studying), you may qualify for an income-tested Childcare Subsidy via Work and Income (WINZ).
    • Tip for job seekers: While not working, you are typically eligible for up to 9 hours of subsidized care a week, which can be extended significantly once you secure employment or start an approved training/job-search arrangement.
  • Finding a Provider: You can use the Ministry of Education's Education Counts directory or platforms like Kindello to look up local preschools, kindergartens, or home-based educators. Be sure to check their latest Education Review Office (ERO) reports for quality and safety ratings.

2. Financial Support & Family Assistance

Relocating involves upfront costs, and bridging the gap until you find employment can be stressful.

  • Inland Revenue (IRD) Working for Families: Once you are back residing in New Zealand and working (or even while searching if you meet specific benefit criteria), you may be eligible for Working for Families tax credits, which provide financial support for families with dependent children.
  • Work and Income Support: If you are a returning New Zealand citizen or permanent resident experiencing a temporary financial gap while re-establishing yourself, you can check with Work and Income to see if you qualify for transitional assistance, an Emergency Benefit, or hardship grants depending on your immediate asset and income levels.
  • Community Services Card: Applying for this card can heavily discount public health costs, GP visits, prescriptions, and public transport in major centres.

3. Job Hunting Support While Parenting

Balancing toddler care with a job search requires strategic scheduling.

  • Ministry of Social Development Employment Services: Work and Income offers employment support and seminars even if you aren't on a main benefit, helping returning Kiwis reconnect with the local job market.
  • Recruitment and Networking:
    • Update your LinkedIn profile to reflect that you are based in New Zealand and actively looking.
    • Reach out to local recruitment agencies relevant to your industry—many NZ employers rely heavily on temp-to-perm or contracting roles, which can be a great way to re-enter the workforce flexibly.
  • Utilize Local Village Networks: If you have family back in New Zealand, lean on them for short-term support during interview windows. If family is not nearby, look into local playgroups or community parenting groups (such as Plunket groups or local Playcentres) to build a localized support network of other parents who can swap childcare favors.

Recommended Next Steps

  1. Map out local ECE centers near your new home and contact them regarding waitlists and whether they offer the 20 Hours ECE scheme.
  2. Set up your RealMe account and check your eligibility for the Childcare Subsidy via the Work and Income / SmartStart website.

Are you looking for employment in a specific industry, or do you need help figuring out the ECE options for a specific age group (e.g., under-3s vs. over-3s)?

Ask Gemini

Gemini is AI and can make mistakes.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Google AI Mode · New Zealand country setting

childcare family support and settling back in New Zealand with a preschool child while looking for work

Settling back in New Zealand with a preschooler while job-hunting is a major transition. Fortunately, New Zealand has structured systems to help whānau (families) get back on their feet, bridge the gap with childcare, and find employment.

Here is an overview of the key support systems and steps available nationally:

1. Preschool Childcare Options & Government Subsidies

Balancing job interviews with a preschooler requires reliable early childhood education (ECE).

  • 20 Hours ECE: If your child is turning 3, 4, or 5, they are eligible for up to 20 hours of free ECE per week (maximum 6 hours per day) at participating teacher-led centres or kindergartens.

  • Childcare Subsidy: Managed by Work and Income (MSD), this financial assistance helps families with preschool children under 5 cover the costs of approved early childhood programs. While you are actively looking for work, studying, or training, you can potentially get up to 50 hours per week subsidized depending on your family's income and circumstances. Check the current income tiers on the Work and Income Childcare Subsidy info page.

  • SmartStart: Use the SmartStart website—a cross-government tool designed for families—to navigate parenting and early childhood services, register for healthcare, and check entitlements.

2. Financial and Employment Support While Job Seeking

  • Jobseeker Support: If you don't currently have an income while searching for work, you may be eligible for Jobseeker Support through Work and Income to help cover living costs during the transition.

  • Employment Services: Work and Income also provides employment-matching services, access to training grants, and specialized support for returning Kiwis or migrants getting back into the local workforce.

  • In-Work Support: Once you secure employment, look into whether you qualify for the In-Work Tax Credit or Working for Families packages via Inland Revenue (IRD).

3. Re-establishing Family and Community Networks

  • Plunket / Whānau Āwhina Plunket: If you have re-registered with Plunket, they are a great touchpoint not just for child health, but for local parenting groups, coffee groups, and community networks where you can meet other parents and build a local village.

  • Local Libraries and Playgroups: New Zealand local councils run fantastic free community spaces, toy libraries, and community playgroups. Visiting your local council’s website or community hub is often the fastest way to find low-cost activities for a preschooler and local family support networks.

If you'd like to narrow this down, let me know:

  • Whether you are returning citizens/residents or new to the area
  • If your child is under 3 or over 3 years old
  • If you need help finding local Work and Income or Plunket links for a specific region

I can tailor the next steps accordingly!

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026

AI Overviews · New Zealand country setting

childcare family support and settling back in New Zealand with a preschool child while looking for work

AI Overview

Settling back into New Zealand with a preschooler while job-hunting is a significant transition. New Zealand offers structured government funding, targeted subsidies, and community-driven networks designed to support families through this exact phase.

Early Childhood Education (ECE) & Funding

In New Zealand, formal childcare is integrated with the national curriculum, Te Whāriki. To offset costs while you look for work, you can access two distinct layers of government financial assistance:

  • 20 Hours ECE Subsidy: If your preschool child is 3 or 4 years old , they are eligible for 20 Hours ECE. This funding is not means-tested and applies regardless of your employment status or residency. It covers up to 6 hours a day and 20 hours a week fee-free at licensed centers.
  • Work and Income (WINZ) Childcare Subsidy: If your child is under 5, you can apply for an additional income-tested WINZ Childcare Subsidy. While usually tied to work or study, parents who are actively looking for work can typically qualify for up to 9 hours of subsidized care per week to attend interviews and job hunt. The exact subsidy rate depends on your gross weekly household income.

Types of Childcare to Consider

Depending on your job-seeking schedule and how your child adapts to new environments, different ECE formats offer distinct benefits:

Childcare Type Structure & Hours Best Suited For
Education& Care Centres (Daycare) Long, flexible hours; fully teacher-led with individual developmental programs. Parents needing wide availability to accommodate short-notice job interviews.
Kindergartens Often operate on shorter, school-term schedules; low-cost state association sessions. Children closer to 5 who benefit from structured school-preparation routines.
Home-Based Care A registered educator looks after a maximum of 4 children in a home environment. A gentler, smaller group setting for a child who feels overwhelmed by large groups.
Playcentres Parent-led Cooperatives where parents stay and participate in the sessions. Rebuilding your local parent network and finding community support while you are not yet working full-time.

Settling and Transitioning Your Child

Relocating can be disruptive for a preschooler. New Zealand ECE centers emphasize a play-based philosophy and focus heavily on whānaungatanga (building relationships).

  • Pre-visits: Most centers strongly encourage or require at least three accompanied pre-visits before your child’s official start date. This allows you to stay with your child while they get used to the teachers (kaiako) and the environment.
  • Local Support Networks: Connect with Whānau Āwhina Plunket. They offer free health and wellbeing home visits or clinic appointments for children under 5, alongside local community playgroups that can help both you and your child build local connections.

To help narrow down the best path forward, tell me:

  • What is the exact age of your child?
  • What industry or type of role are you looking for? (This impacts whether you need highly flexible or standard childcare hours).
  • Do you have citizenship, residency, or a specific work visa status?
Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026