Evidence · Immigration

Immigration: questions, answers and evidence

Read all 797 original answers and the tables behind the findings. The 27 missing answers are from the China comparison on three platforms.

questions
143
captured answers
797
missing responses
27
answers collected
15–20 October 2026

01

Every question, with its answers

Each question was written as a voter would ask it and went to all four assistants. Some were also asked from a town. Open a question to read every answer to it in full.

Showing 20 of 143 questions

02

The tables behind the study

Every figure on the study page comes from these tables. They are CSV files, which open in any spreadsheet.

  • Complete AI answers

    answers.csv

    One complete original answer, with the question, platform, country setting and migrant profile.

    question_id, surface_code, location_ref, result_id, prompt_id, platform, scan_id, collection_panel, question_text, response_text

  • The questions we asked

    question-catalogue.csv

    One question with the migrant profile, wording and purpose.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Planned questions, platforms and countries

    execution-assignments.csv

    One question, platform and country we planned to collect an answer from.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • The 27 missing answers

    missing-cells.csv

    One expected answer that was not collected.

    question_id, collection_panel, location_name, location_ref, surface, surface_code

  • Locations named for each migrant profile

    location-by-persona.csv

    How often a place was named in the twelve New Zealand answers for each migrant profile.

    persona, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles, wording_count, surface_count

  • Locations named across question wordings

    location-by-wording.csv

    One profile, platform and place, showing which versions of the question led to an answer naming the place.

    persona, surface, place, answers, denominator, wording_styles

  • Locations named by collection country

    location-by-region.csv

    One place and country setting; the China comparison has nine answers on Google AI Mode only.

    region, place, answers, denominator, surfaces

  • Eight countries on Google AI Mode

    location-ai-mode-eight-regions.csv

    One place and country across the same nine questions on Google AI Mode.

    region, place, answers, denominator

  • Matched local and overseas answers

    matched-region-answer-pairs.csv

    A New Zealand answer alongside the same question and platform using another country setting.

    region, surface, persona, question_id, result_id, nz_result_id, same_place_set, jaccard, added_names, omitted_names

  • Topics explicitly raised in the answers

    signals-by-output-platform.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by topic and platform.

    output, surface, signal, answers, denominator

  • Topics raised for each migrant profile

    signals-by-persona-output.csv

    How often selected words and phrases appeared, by migrant profile and topic.

    output, persona, signal, answers, denominator

  • Website addresses in captured answers

    captured-answer-links.csv

    Web addresses saved in the original answers, with image and file links identified.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, url, domain, host_class, image_or_asset

  • Extra table: links excluding images and files

    captured-links-by-platform.csv

    One platform across the same 143 New Zealand questions. The table excludes image and file links; the main Sources section counts those links.

    surface, denominator, answers_with_links, answers_with_govt_links

  • Captured answer lengths

    platform-answer-length.csv

    One platform across the same 143 local questions.

    surface, answers, median_words, mean_words

  • Recorded websites by answer

    sources-by-answer.csv

    Each website recorded as a source for an answer, with the page addresses and number of statements linked to the website.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, publisher, claim_count, source_urls

  • Recorded sources and their original claims

    source-claim-ledger.csv

    Sources attached to individual statements, with the original answer, quotation and source passage.

    narrative_id, claim_id, question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, domain, url, source_passage, claim_quote, quote_exact

  • Answers with sources and answers with links

    source-answer-coverage.csv

    Each New Zealand answer, showing whether sources were recorded and whether the answer text contains a web link.

    question_id, result_id, prompt_id, surface, surface_code, region, output, persona, wording, panel, words, raw_page, transcript, associated_websites, had_sources, literal_url_answer

  • Website publisher classifications

    source-publisher-classification.csv

    Each website, the type of organisation behind the website and the reason for the category. Unconfirmed types remain Other.

    domain, publisher, basis, source

  • Tone toward each place

    place-sentiment-ledger.csv

    One named place in one answer, with the positive, neutral, negative or mixed label, supporting passages and reason. All 108 New Zealand answers about where to live were reviewed.

    result_id, question_id, prompt_id, persona, assistant, region, place, stance, paragraph_numbers, supporting_passages, display_passage, reason, answer_sha256, reviewed_on

  • Facts supplied in each question

    prompt-reporting-eligibility.csv

    Every question, with corrected descriptions of the facts stated and limits on interpreting its answers.

    question_id, reviewed_on, prompt_sha256, original_stated_facts, corrected_stated_facts, metadata_changed, destination_explicit, descriptive_counts_included, interpretation_rule

  • Sources across question styles

    source-wording-incidence.csv

    One website, profile, topic and platform, with answer totals, question styles and the original answer references.

    persona, output, surface, domain, answers_with_source, eligible_answers, wording_styles_with_source, eligible_wording_styles, observed_styles, eligible_styles, answer_ids, by_style

  • Questions with corrected fact descriptions

    question-catalogue-reviewed.csv

    The unchanged original question text with fact descriptions reviewed on 28 October 2026.

    question_id, question_version, group_id, case_id, asked_for, output_id, module_ids, category, wording_style, prompt_set, collection_panel, comparison_id, exact_text, distinguishing_facts, stated_facts, tags, status

  • Statements checked against official sources

    statement-checks.csv

    One checked statement, with its exact passage, verdict, official source, review date and original answer reference.

    check_id, measure_id, question_checked, result_id, prompt_id, question_id, persona, assistant, wording, exact_statement, verdict, what_the_source_says, source_name, source_url, checked_on, answer_sha256

  • Policy questions covered by the checks

    statement-measures.csv

    One policy question, showing checked statements, original answers and the question wordings represented.

    measure_id, question_checked, checked_statements, distinct_answers, wording_styles_with_checked_assertions, wording_styles, answer_ids, question_ids, scope

Use the question and answer numbers to follow the evidence between tables. Locations named in warnings and comparisons count. Sources attached to an answer and web links in the answer text are counted separately.

03

The reviewed evidence

We read all 108 New Zealand answers about where to live to assess the tone toward each named place. A separate selection of 41 answers explores practical advice and contrasts across topics. The original policy checks were made on 22 October and expanded on 28 October 2026; verdicts cover selected statements, not every answer.

ChatGPT · New Zealand country setting

I've worked in dairy farming for years and would move with my partner and young child. I need reliable year-round work. Would moving to New Zealand make sense for me? What would be the main upsides and downsides?

Would moving to New Zealand make sense for your dairy-farming family?

Yes, it could be a very good move — particularly if you have several years of hands-on dairy experience — but I would make it conditional on securing the right job, confirming your visa pathway, and finding a location where your family can live comfortably.

New Zealand has a substantial dairy industry, and experienced farm workers can bring valuable practical skills. The biggest question isn't simply whether you can find dairy work; it's whether you can turn that experience into dependable, year-round income, suitable housing, and a stable family life.

With a partner and a young child, I'd assess the move differently than I would if you were moving alone.

Why it could work

  • Your existing experience is directly relevant to a major New Zealand industry.
  • Permanent dairy positions can provide a stable income and a route into more senior farm roles.
  • Rural communities can offer a family-friendly lifestyle and access to the outdoors.

What could make it difficult

  • Dairy work often has long hours, early starts and weekend duties.
  • Some jobs include accommodation but may be seasonal or tied to your employment.
  • Immigration eligibility, family costs and rural childcare options can make or break the decision.

1. Can you find reliable, year-round work?

There are good reasons to think so. New Zealand's official career information currently lists common earnings for dairy farm assistants at around NZ$55,000–$82,000 a year before tax, with higher earnings possible in more senior or demanding roles. Experienced workers may be better positioned to target herd management rather than entry-level work. Dairy farm assistantImmigration - DairyNZ

Current vacancies also illustrate the kind of contracts available. For example, one advertised permanent full-time farm assistant role offers NZ$81,800 annually with an average of 50 hours a week and a year-round roster. That's an example, not a guarantee of what you would earn. Dairy Farm Assistant (Milton) 3481SF

The key distinction is between year-round employment and comfortable, predictable working conditions. A permanent job may still involve long days, changing rosters and demanding peak periods.

I'd prioritise jobs offering:

  • A permanent, full-time contract rather than seasonal or relief work.
  • Guaranteed minimum hours, a clear overtime policy and a regular roster.
  • A salary that reflects your actual experience and responsibilities.
  • Accommodation terms in writing, including rent, utilities and what happens if the job ends.
  • An employer who can legally employ you under the appropriate work visa pathway.

For a family moving internationally, I would not rely on finding another farm job after arrival. Aim to have a suitable offer in place first.

2. The main upsides and downsides

Upside: Your experience has practical value

Knowing how to milk cows, manage livestock, identify animal health problems, rear calves, maintain equipment and work through calving season can make you attractive to employers. Experience supervising staff or managing a herd can open better-paid opportunities.

Upside: A career, not just a job

You may be able to progress from farm assistant to herd manager, assistant farm manager and farm manager. Some senior roles also offer potential immigration pathways, subject to the exact occupation and current rules. Immigration - DairyNZWork to Residence Visa » Immigration New Zealand

Upside: A lifestyle that may suit your family

If you enjoy rural living, outdoor activities and a quieter environment, New Zealand could be appealing. Employer-provided farm accommodation may also reduce the cost and difficulty of finding a home when you first arrive.

Downside: Long hours can affect family life

Early starts, evening milkings, weekend work and busy calving periods can leave you with limited time at home. A job with a good salary but a difficult roster may not be the best option when you have a young child.

Downside: Rural isolation and hidden costs

A farm may be far from shops, childcare, schools and healthcare. You may need a reliable vehicle, and your partner could find it difficult to get work nearby. Free or subsidised accommodation can help, but only if the terms are fair.

Downside: Immigration is not automatic

A job offer doesn't by itself guarantee that you, your partner and your child can all obtain the visas you need. Eligibility depends on the job, pay, employer and visa conditions. Bringing family if you have a work visa :: Immigration New ZealandBringing family if you have an Accredited Employer Work Visa (AEWV) :: Immigration New Zealand

3. Could you support a family on a dairy salary?

This is where I'd be particularly careful. The salary alone doesn't tell you whether the move is financially worthwhile.

Here's a rough illustration using a salary of NZ$70,000 before tax. This is a budgeting example, not a prediction of your actual take-home pay.

Illustrative monthly budget · NZD

Gross annual salary

$70,000

Estimated take-home pay

$4,500–$4,600/mo

Illustrative expenses for two adults and one young child

Housing

Depends heavily on whether farm accommodation is provided

$0–$1,600

Food and household items

$800–$1,100

Transport

$300–$650

Utilities, phone and internet

$150–$300

Childcare and other family costs

$300–$900+

The figures are planning estimates, not verified local averages. Actual spending varies, particularly with rent, childcare subsidies and vehicle costs. Income tax, KiwiSaver deductions, debt repayments and relocation expenses can change the result.

My assessment:

  • With suitable accommodation included at a low cost: one income could potentially support your family, particularly if your partner is able to work later.
  • With market-rate rent and only one income: your budget could be much tighter, especially if you need paid childcare.
  • With two incomes: your finances may be more comfortable, but you need to check whether your partner's visa allows them to work and whether jobs are available nearby.

Before accepting an offer, ask for the salary, expected hours, accommodation cost and roster in writing. These details should be clear in the employment arrangements for overseas recruitment. Immigration - DairyNZDairy farm assistant

4. The immigration question: can your family stay long-term?

This is potentially the most important part of your decision.

New Zealand's Accredited Employer Work Visa (AEWV) is a major pathway for overseas dairy workers, but you need an eligible job offer from an appropriately accredited employer and must meet the applicable visa conditions. Immigration - DairyNZWork in New Zealand

There are three things I'd investigate before spending money on the move:

  1. Your work visa: Does the specific farm job qualify, and what are the visa's duration and renewal conditions?
  2. Your partner's visa: Can your partner obtain a visa that allows them to work, or would they initially need another visa type?
  3. Your child's visa: Can your child obtain the appropriate dependent or student visa, and what would that mean for schooling and healthcare access?

Immigration New Zealand explicitly states that family eligibility on an AEWV depends on factors including your occupation and earnings. Don't assume that a work visa automatically covers your whole family. Bringing family if you have a work visa :: Immigration New ZealandBringing family if you have an Accredited Employer Work Visa (AEWV) :: Immigration New Zealand

I'd also distinguish between getting permission to work and having a pathway to residence. Some senior dairy roles, including eligible herd manager positions, may offer a Work to Residence pathway. However, an ordinary farm assistant job does not automatically provide that pathway. Check the exact occupation, duties and current eligibility rules with Immigration New Zealand. Work to Residence Visa » Immigration New ZealandImmigration - DairyNZ

5. How I'd approach the move

I'd take these steps in order:

  1. Target permanent roles that match your experience. Look for farm assistant roles with progression, herd manager positions, or assistant manager positions if your responsibilities justify them.
  2. Compare actual job packages. Consider salary, hours, overtime, accommodation, time off and travel to town — not just the headline pay.
  3. Confirm family visa eligibility before committing. Use official immigration guidance and, if necessary, a licensed immigration adviser.
  4. Build a relocation reserve. Allow for flights, initial expenses, transport, deposits and a financial buffer in case employment or housing changes.
  5. Consider your partner's future as well. A move is more sustainable if your partner has a realistic employment or personal-development option and your family isn't entirely dependent on one employer.

For job hunting, useful starting points include Farm Source Jobs and DairyNZ's careers and employment resources. Check the terms of each vacancy rather than assuming all advertised dairy jobs are suitable for overseas applicants.

My verdict

I'd lean towards yes, explore New Zealand seriously, especially if you have substantial practical experience and can secure a permanent role with decent pay and affordable accommodation.

I'd be much more cautious if you have to arrive without a job, depend on seasonal employment, pay high rent on one salary, or have no clear way for your partner and child to obtain appropriate visas.

The three details that would help me judge whether this is a genuinely good move for you are:

With those details, I can give you a much more realistic assessment of your job prospects, likely earning potential and whether New Zealand is a sensible long-term move for your family.

Ask anything

ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Gemini · New Zealand country setting

I've worked in dairy farming for years and would move with my partner and young child. I need reliable year-round work. Would moving to New Zealand make sense for me? What would be the main upsides and downsides?

Moving to New Zealand with your partner and young child to work in dairy farming can make a lot of sense, especially given your years of hands-on experience. New Zealand is globally renowned for its pastoral dairy system, and experienced international farm workers are consistently in demand.


Does it make sense for you?

Given your background, your skillset is transferable and valued. Furthermore, higher-level dairy roles (such as Herd Managers and Farm Managers) are included on New Zealand’s Green List (Tier 2), which provides a clear, streamlined Work to Residence pathway after 24 months of working in the country. If you enter as a Farm Assistant, you will typically work under an Accredited Employer Work Visa (AEWV), with opportunities to upskill and move up the management ladder.


The Main Upsides

  • Clear Pathways to Residency: Unlike many other sectors, experienced dairy professionals have a recognized, direct route to permanent residency via the Green List once you step into herd management or supervisory positions.
  • On-Farm Accommodation: A major perk of New Zealand dairy farming is that free or heavily subsidized on-farm housing (usually a standalone house on or near the dairy unit) is standard practice. This drastically cuts down your initial cost of living and relocation stress for your family.
  • Family-Friendly Environment: Rural New Zealand offers a safe, outdoor-oriented lifestyle with tight-knit local communities, great primary schooling options for young children, and a slower pace of life.
  • Transferable Global Experience: New Zealand operates on a unique pasture-based, seasonal calving model. Mastering this system builds an elite credential that is respected within global dairy industries.

The Main Downsides

  • Intense Seasonal Hours: Dairy farming in New Zealand is heavily dictated by spring calving. During peak seasons (typically July through October), work hours are long, physical, and intense, which can test work-life balance and put pressure on family routines.
  • Remote Rural Isolation: Dairy farms are frequently located in rural or isolated districts. While communities are welcoming, it can mean a significant adjustment for your partner and child regarding proximity to major amenities, specialized healthcare, entertainment, and social networks.
  • Partner Employment Hurdles: Depending on the specific visa category and wage thresholds your initial job secures, your partner may need to navigate local job market conditions in rural areas, where employment options outside of agriculture can sometimes be limited.
  • Weather and Environmental Vulnerability: Pastoral farming relies entirely on the weather. Droughts, excessive rain, and fluctuating global milk payout prices directly impact the sector, occasionally creating financial or operational stress for farm owners and workers alike.

Would you like to explore specific regional dairy hubs (like Waikato, Taranaki, or Canterbury) or look closer at the visa and wage requirements for your specific experience level?

Ask Gemini

Gemini is AI and can make mistakes.

Captured 15–20 October 2026

Google AI Mode · New Zealand country setting

I've worked in dairy farming for years and would move with my partner and young child. I need reliable year-round work. Would moving to New Zealand make sense for me? What would be the main upsides and downsides?

Moving to New Zealand makes a lot of practical sense if you have extensive experience in dairy farming. The country is a global dairy powerhouse, and skilled international labour remains a top concern and major demand for local farmers. Because you need reliable year-round work and are bringing a family, your background puts you in a strong position, but there are distinct realities to weigh.

The Main Upsides

  • Year-Round Consistency and Demand: Dairy farming in New Zealand operates on a pasture-based system that runs 365 days a year. Labour shortages are a constant concern for local operations, meaning experienced, reliable hands are heavily sought after across major dairying regions like Waikato, Taranaki, and Canterbury. [Rural News Group]

  • Residency Pathways: Senior on-farm roles—such as Herd Managers and above—feature on Immigration New Zealand’s Green List. If you secure a qualifying position, this provides a clear, streamlined Work-to-Residence pathway after working in the country for three years (provided you meet age, salary, and experience criteria). You can review specific criteria directly via the Immigration New Zealand Green List. Immigration - DairyNZSkilled Residence Pathways in New ZealandAppendix 13 - Green List (09/03/2026) - Immigration New Zealand

  • On-Farm Housing and Cost of Living: Many dairy farming positions in New Zealand include farm-provided housing (often a house on or near the property) as part of the employment package. This can drastically cut down your initial relocation and living expenses, which is a massive bonus for a young family.

  • Great Environment for Raising Children: Rural New Zealand offers a safe, community-oriented, and outdoor-focused lifestyle for a young child, featuring local country schools and a slower, community-driven pace of life.

The Main Downsides

  • Intense Work Hours During Peak Season: While work is year-round, spring (calving season, roughly July to October) is notoriously intense. Expect long hours, early mornings, and high physical demands that can strain family life if work-life balance isn't actively managed.

  • Remote Isolation: Dairy farms in New Zealand are often located in rural or semi-remote areas. For your partner and child, this can mean a significant adjustment regarding proximity to big-city amenities, specialized healthcare, entertainment, or extended family support networks. Your partner may also find fewer local employment opportunities depending on how isolated the farm is.

  • The "Two-Income" Challenge: Because housing is often tied to the primary job on the farm, and properties can be miles out from major towns, your partner might find it harder to secure steady local work, turning your household into a single-income dynamic for a period.

  • Visa and Regulatory Vulnerabilities: Your initial stay is tied to employment regulations and Accredited Employer Work Visas (AEWV). Job changes or navigating contractual disputes require careful adherence to New Zealand employment law to protect your family's continuous residency timeline. [Dairy NZ]

If you're considering taking the next steps, tell me:

  • What is your specific level of experience (e.g., Farm Assistant, Herd Manager, Lower Order Sharemilker)?
  • Would your partner also be looking for off-farm employment?

I can give you a better idea of what compensation packages, housing setups, and visa expectations look like for your specific tier of experience.

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026

AI Overviews · New Zealand country setting

I've worked in dairy farming for years and would move with my partner and young child. I need reliable year-round work. Would moving to New Zealand make sense for me? What would be the main upsides and downsides?

AI Overview

Moving to New Zealand makes a lot of sense if you have multiple years of dairy experience , as dairy farming is the country’s largest export sector and experienced workers are highly valued. While dairy farming is inherently tied to seasonal biological cycles, it provides reliable, year-round employment for permanent staff rather than just temporary seasonal contracts.

Furthermore, your extensive experience offers a clear migration advantage. Under current Immigration New Zealand rules, experienced dairy workers (such as Herd Managers or Assistant Managers) can access a pathway to residency through the Green List Tier 2 after working in the country for a designated period. This makes New Zealand a highly viable option for relocating your family long-term.

The Main Upsides

  • Clear Residency Pathways: Unlike many countries where agricultural work only grants temporary visas, New Zealand places senior dairy roles on its Green List pathway to residence. If your experience qualifies you for a Herd Manager position, you can pathway to a permanent resident visa.
  • Family-Friendly Environment & Support: New Zealand is exceptionally safe and offers a great environment for raising young children. Depending on your visa class, your child may have access to subsidized early childhood education and New Zealand’s public healthcare system.
  • On-Farm Accommodation: Many permanent dairy roles in New Zealand come with heavily subsidized or free on-farm housing. This significantly reduces your living costs and eliminates the stress of navigating the highly competitive suburban rental market.
  • Structured Career Progression: The NZ dairy sector is heavily structured. Dedicated workers can easily progress from a Farm Assistant to a Herd Manager, Assistant Manager, and eventually an equity partner or contract milker.

The Main Downsides

  • Demanding Work Hours & Early Starts: Dairy farming in New Zealand is pasture-based and highly efficient, meaning long, physically demanding hours. Early mornings (often starting between 4:00 AM and 5:00 AM) are standard, which can be tough on a family routine with a young child.
  • Seasonal Intensity: While the income and employment are year-round, the workload is not balanced. The "calving season" (typically July through September) requires extreme dedication, long hours, and minimal time off, which can put a temporary strain on family life.
  • Rural Isolation: Most dairy farms are located in deep rural communities. While these communities are tight-knit and welcoming, you and your partner may find yourselves far from major shopping hubs, hospitals, and diverse entertainment options.
  • Cost of Living: Outside of accommodation, everyday expenses in New Zealand—like groceries, fuel, and childcare supplies—are notoriously high. On top of that, supermarket duopolies keep local prices high, even for the dairy products produced right on your doorstep.

How to Proceed Safely

If you choose to pursue this, you can look for roles that offer Accredited Employer Work Visa (AEWV) sponsorship. Popular agricultural job boards include NZ Farm Source and specialized agricultural recruitment firms like FRENZ Recruitment or The Regions.

Note: New Zealand law strongly protects migrant workers. Legitimate employers and licensed agencies will never charge you a "placement fee" to secure a job.

To help me tailor this information, what specific role do you usually hold (e.g., milker, herd manager, manager)? Also, do you hold any formal agricultural qualifications , or is your background primarily hands-on experience?

Ask anything

Captured 15–20 October 2026