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Evidence · NZ Election 2026 · Edition 3

Every question, every answer, every source

All 174 questions and the 793 answers produced on 16 October 2026. The 27 remaining cells produced no AI Overview.

questions
174
answers saved
793
collected
16 Oct 2026

01

Every question, with its answers

Each question was written as a voter would ask it and went to all four assistants. Some were also asked from a town. Open a question to read every answer to it in full.

Showing 20 of 174 questions

Show all 174

02

The tables behind the study

Every figure on the study page comes from these tables. They are CSV files, which open in any spreadsheet.

  • Questions

    nz-election-2026-questions.csv

    One row per unchanged question.

    id, draft, text, voterCode, issue, towns

    174rows

    Download questions (CSV)

  • Answers

    nz-election-2026-answers.csv

    One row per produced answer, with its complete original text. Parties covers all 17 tracked parties; displayed parties covers the seven charted parties.

    result id, prompt id, draft id, scenario id, platform, region, words, parties, displayed parties, literal url answer, temporal pair, common four platforms, response text

    793rows

    Download answers (CSV)

  • Sources by answer

    nz-election-2026-sources.csv

    One row per website associated with an answer; repeated citations count once.

    answer id, question id, assistant, region, domain, publisher

    4,275rows

    Download sources by answer (CSV)

  • Checks against official sources

    nz-election-2026-checks.csv

    One row per reviewed claim and assistant, including cells where the assertion was not stated.

    checkId, claimToTest, category, answerId, questionId, assistant, assertionPresent, assertion, verdict, whatTheSourceSays, checkedOn, evidence

    18rows

    Download checks against official sources (CSV)

  • Who to vote for: coding

    nz-election-2026-guidance.csv

    One row per manually reviewed guidance answer. Codes overlap; original answers supply the evidence.

    draft, assistant, q, voter, a, declined, matched, shortlist, asked, chose, extract

    31rows

    Download who to vote for: coding (CSV)

  • Location and national answers

    nz-election-2026-towns.csv

    One row per matched national/location pair in this edition.

    edition, prompt id, platform, city region, national result id, city result id, same party names, same text

    123rows

    Download location and national answers (CSV)

  • Changes between editions

    nz-election-2026-comparisons.csv

    All 17 tracked parties; one row per identical question, assistant and location across the 12 and 16 October collections. Earlier coding restated after the 20 October identity correction.

    earlier edition, prompt id, platform, region, draft id, block, scenario id, scenario, issue, priority, earlier result id, current result id, same party set, added, removed, earlier parties, current parties

    792rows

    Download changes between editions (CSV)

  • No AI Overview produced

    nz-election-2026-coverage.csv

    One row per planned cell where no AI Overview was produced.

    questionId, assistant, collectionSetting, askedFrom, availability

    27rows

    Download no ai overview produced (CSV)

  • Party-identity corrections

    nz-election-2026-party-identity-corrections.csv

    Ten reviewed false matches removed from the restated Edition 2 and current Edition 3 comparisons; original answer text is unchanged.

    edition, result id, party, before present, include, reason, reviewer, reviewed on

    10rows

    Download party-identity corrections (CSV)

Use these tables to trace findings back to the original questions and answers. The full text of each answer is also on this page, under its question.

03

Read in full and checked

Some answers were read in detail or checked against official sources. Those appear on the study page, beside the findings they support.

ChatGPT · No location

For the 2026 New Zealand general election: What do parties propose about freshwater, pollution, biodiversity and resource management?

New Zealand 2026 election: Environment and resource management

For the 2026 New Zealand general election, the key environmental policy differences to examine are how parties would improve freshwater quality, control pollution, protect native biodiversity, and manage land use, farming, development and natural resources.

A useful distinction is between environmental protection and restoration, the rules imposed on landowners and businesses, and how decisions about resource use are made. Parties may support similar goals but propose different standards, costs, enforcement mechanisms and timeframes.

I'll focus on national party positions, rather than assuming a particular city or electorate, and distinguish announced policies from existing government policy and broader party commitments.

1. Freshwater, pollution and wetlands

These are the clearest differences among the major parties. The parties broadly acknowledge the importance of healthy waterways, but disagree over how strongly national rules should constrain farming, development and other uses of water.

Party Main approach
National Favour more flexible, locally tailored freshwater management, balancing water quality with farming, irrigation, drinking water, electricity and other uses. Its government has been simplifying freshwater farm-plan requirements and pursuing changes to freshwater standards. Decisions on Freshwater Farm Plans releasedFreshwater package factsheet –Fish &Game New Zealand Political Party Questionnaire 2026
Labour Supports protecting and restoring wetlands, and links freshwater habitat protection to biodiversity. Its detailed funding and implementation choices would need to be checked against its full election programme. Fish &Game New Zealand Political Party Questionnaire 2026Election policy tracker: what the parties are promising
Green Party Advocates stronger freshwater protections, better water quality, increased wetland restoration funding and stronger legal safeguards for remaining wetlands on public and private land. Manifesto 2026Fish &Game New Zealand Political Party Questionnaire 2026
ACT Emphasises practical, science-based environmental thresholds, property rights and lower compliance costs. Supports making genuine wetland restoration easier and attracting private investment for restoration and pest control. Fish &Game New Zealand Political Party Questionnaire 2026Fish &Game New Zealand Political Party Questionnaire 2026
New Zealand First Supports catchment-by-catchment farm environment plans, addressing pollution in rivers and beaches, fencing waterways, riparian planting and helping landowners create wetlands. It also wants freshwater rules to reflect the interests of different water users. Fish &Game New Zealand Political Party Questionnaire 20262023 Election Policies
Te Pāti Māori Its environmental approach includes asserting tino rangatiratanga over freshwater and giving effect to Māori authority and relationships with natural resources. It did not respond to Fish & Game's 2026 freshwater questionnaire, so that source cannot establish its full position on particular water-quality rules. Policies for Party vote - NZ Election 2026Fish &Game New Zealand Political Party Questionnaire 2026Policies for Party vote - NZ Election 2026

What these differences mean in practice

  • National and ACT: More emphasis on workable rules, flexibility and enabling productive activity while achieving environmental outcomes.
  • Labour: Supports restoration and environmental safeguards, although the precise policy differences need to be checked against its latest detailed commitments.
  • The Greens: More emphasis on strong environmental bottom lines, legal protections and dedicated restoration funding.
  • New Zealand First: Emphasises local catchment management, farm plans, waterway restoration and balancing the interests of different water users.
  • Te Pāti Māori: Places particular emphasis on Māori authority over freshwater and resource governance.

These are differences in emphasis, not claims that any party either supports or opposes clean water. The parties' own descriptions of their proposals, and independent policy summaries, are useful for checking the detail. Fish &Game New Zealand Political Party Questionnaire 2026Manifesto 20262023 Election Policies

2. Biodiversity and native species

The central questions are how much public funding should go into conservation, how strictly remaining natural habitats should be protected, and how the law should treat introduced species.

Птицы киви: образ жизни, питание, малоизвестные факты и защита вида | ЗооВет

Green Party

Its 2026 manifesto emphasises protecting and restoring nature. Announced priorities include a sovereign biodiversity fund, more resources for invasive-species control, a job-guarantee programme focused on ecosystem regeneration, and stronger protection for remaining natural wetlands. Manifesto 2026Election policy tracker: what the parties are promising

Resource consents | Waikato Regional Council

National

Emphasises practical conservation outcomes, partnerships with landowners and communities, and making restoration easier. It also supports legally recognising valued introduced species such as trout, salmon and game birds, rather than automatically treating them as pests. Fish &Game New Zealand Political Party Questionnaire 2026Election policy tracker: what the parties are promising

Farm management for healthy waterways, including stock exclusion | NZ Government

ACT and New Zealand First

Both emphasise practical restoration and working with landowners. ACT highlights private investment and voluntary nature markets; New Zealand First highlights catchment-level initiatives, shared-cost restoration and support for community conservation work. Fish &Game New Zealand Political Party Questionnaire 20262023 Election Policies

Rare bird returns to Wairarapa wetlands – Te Ao Māori News

Labour and Te Pāti Māori

Labour supports wetland protection and restoration. Te Pāti Māori's broader environmental approach places importance on Māori relationships with the natural world and authority over resources; the specific funding and statutory commitments should be checked in each party's full manifesto. Fish &Game New Zealand Political Party Questionnaire 2026Complete Party PolicyPolicies for Party vote - NZ Election 2026

One particularly useful distinction is the treatment of introduced animals. National's proposal to recognise valued introduced species differs from the Green Party's emphasis on native ecosystem health, including controlling introduced fish where they threaten indigenous species. These positions do not mean that all introduced species would be protected under National or that the Greens oppose all trout and salmon fishing. Fish &Game New Zealand Political Party Questionnaire 2026Fish &Game New Zealand Political Party Questionnaire 2026

3. Pollution, waste and resource management

Resource management is one of the most consequential differences because it determines what activities need consent, what environmental limits apply, and how much weight decision-makers give to economic development versus ecological protection.

National

Supports replacing the Resource Management Act (RMA) with a new planning and natural-environment framework, with more enabling rules for development, infrastructure and primary production. The government has also pursued changes to freshwater regulation and conservation law. Its stated objective is to reduce unnecessary delays while maintaining environmental protections. 2026 Election PolicyConsultation launched on illustrative National Policy DirectionLandmark Conservation Reform Bill will boost economy and protect nature

Labour

Supports wetland restoration and freshwater protection. Its wider environmental record includes farm-planning, waterway fencing, riparian planting and sediment-control initiatives. To assess its 2026 offer accurately, distinguish those previous measures from new election commitments. Jacinda Ardern speech to Wellington Labour Party rallyFish &Game New Zealand Political Party Questionnaire 2026

Green Party

Wants stronger protection for freshwater ecosystems and indigenous biodiversity. Its policy agenda includes reducing pollution, restoring ecosystems, increasing conservation funding and repealing the Fast-track Approvals Act. The party argues that economic activities should not undermine environmental protections. Manifesto 2026Election policy tracker: what the parties are promisingPolicies for Party vote - NZ Election 2026

ACT

Emphasises property rights, predictable regulation, science-based thresholds and a planning system that facilitates development while delivering environmental outcomes. Its approach places particular weight on making rules practical and avoiding unnecessary compliance costs. Fish &Game New Zealand Political Party Questionnaire 2026Fish &Game New Zealand Political Party Questionnaire 2026

New Zealand First

Supports catchment-based management and reducing regulatory barriers to infrastructure, irrigation and water storage. Its earlier published policy also advocated replacing the freshwater planning framework's emphasis on Te Mana o te Wai with a broader four-wellbeings approach. Check the current manifesto for any changes to those commitments. 2023 Election PoliciesFish &Game New Zealand Political Party Questionnaire 2026

Te Pāti Māori

Advocates stronger Māori authority over freshwater and resource decisions, protection of whenua and moana from extractive industries, and a permanent ban on seabed mining. Its policy places environmental protection within a wider framework of Te Tiriti obligations and Māori self-determination. PolicySeabed mining banned in Aotearoa under reintroduced Member’s Bill

Key issues to compare

Issue What to look for in each party's policy
Agricultural pollution Limits on nitrogen, phosphorus, sediment and bacterial contamination; stock exclusion; farm plans and enforcement.
Drinking-water safety Proposed limits on nitrate and other contaminants, monitoring requirements and who pays for improvements.
Industrial and urban pollution Rules for wastewater discharges, stormwater, contaminated land and waste reduction.
Mining and extraction Restrictions on mining in sensitive areas, seabed mining and the use of fast-track consent processes.
Resource consent Whether environmental limits are strengthened, relaxed or made more flexible, and how competing interests are balanced.
Accountability Funding for monitoring, enforcement, restoration and public access to environmental information.

These are comparison criteria rather than a claim that every party has announced a specific measure in each area. The 2026 election policy tracker provides a broader cross-party overview. Election policy tracker: what the parties are promisingPolicies for Party vote - NZ Election 2026

4. Marine protection and wider conservation

The parties' positions also diverge on how to manage coastal ecosystems, fishing and marine extraction.

For the other parties, the specific details of marine-protection commitments should be verified against their current manifestos rather than inferred from their freshwater policies.

5. Where to check the complete 2026 policies

The following sources are useful for checking exact proposals, including any announcements made later in the campaign.

Huge news: The best voting tool in NZ is back | The Spinoff

Policy.nz

Cross-party policy comparison, including freshwater and pollution, conservation, oceans and waste.

Compare 2026 environment policies

What Does Fish & Game Do | Fish and Game

Fish & Game New Zealand

Its 2026 party questionnaire gives parties' responses on water quality, wetlands, river access, water conservation orders and freshwater governance.

Read the freshwater and wetlands questionnaire

Green Party NZ (@NZGreens) on X

Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand

The party's full 2026 manifesto and detailed freshwater, biodiversity, agriculture and land-use policies.

Read the Green Party manifesto

Te Pāti Māori - Party for Party vote - NZ Election 2023 - Policy.nz

Te Pāti Māori

Its freshwater policy explains its proposals for Māori authority over water and decision-making.

Browse Te Pāti Māori policies

The Conversation website Logo PNG Vector (SVG) Free Download

The Conversation

Its 2026 election tracker collates announced policies from National, Labour, the Greens, ACT, New Zealand First, Te Pāti Māori and the Opportunities Party.

Read the 2026 election policy tracker

Bottom line

The main divide is how New Zealand should balance environmental limits against productive land use, infrastructure and economic development.

  • If your priority is stronger legal protections, restoration funding and tighter environmental limits, examine the Greens' detailed proposals and compare them with Labour's commitments.
  • If you prioritise flexible regulation, property rights and enabling development while pursuing environmental outcomes, examine National and ACT's proposals.
  • If you prioritise catchment-based solutions, practical restoration and the interests of rural communities and different water users, examine New Zealand First's proposals.
  • If Māori authority over freshwater, Te Tiriti-based governance and protection of whenua and moana are central to your concerns, examine Te Pāti Māori's policies.

These are descriptions of policy emphasis, not rankings of parties. The most revealing questions are what measurable water-quality standards each party would require, how it would protect remaining native habitats, what activities it would allow or restrict, and how it would fund and enforce its promises.

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Gemini · No location

For the 2026 New Zealand general election: What do parties propose about freshwater, pollution, biodiversity and resource management?

For the 2026 New Zealand general election, environmental policy—specifically covering freshwater, pollution, biodiversity, and resource management—has emerged as a major point of ideological polarization. Broadly, political parties divide into two camps: the governing center-right/right bloc prioritizing economic growth, resource extraction, and streamlined approval processes, and the center-left/green bloc emphasizing stringent environmental protection, ecosystem restoration, and climate action.

1. Freshwater and Pollution

  • The Left & Progressive Parties (Green Party, Te Pāti Māori, Labour, The Opportunity Party):
    • Focus heavily on tightening water quality standards, reducing agricultural runoff (such as synthetic nitrogen fertilizers), and cleaning up polluted rivers, lakes, and aquifers.
    • Emphasize indigenous rights (tino rangatiratanga) and te ao Māori frameworks over freshwater governance.
    • Propose stronger regulatory controls on freshwater allocation and pollution output from intensive land uses.
  • The Right & Governing Parties (National, ACT, NZ First):
    • Tend to prioritize economic flexibility for farmers and industry, opposing rigid, blanket central government regulations that they argue impose high compliance costs on the primary sector.
    • Favor localized or catchment-based management models that balance environmental outcomes with primary production and property rights.

2. Biodiversity and Conservation

  • Green Party & Te Pāti Māori:
    • Propose aggressive conservation targets, such as protecting at least 30% of New Zealand’s land and oceans (including specific marine protection targets for areas like the Hauraki Gulf).
    • Support phasing out grazing concessions on public conservation land, banning seabed mining permanently, and increasing core Department of Conservation (DoC) funding.
    • Advocate for stricter protections for native species and ecosystem regeneration programs.
  • National, ACT, & NZ First:
    • Focus more heavily on economic access, public/recreational use of conservation land (such as hunting and tourism access), and practical pest eradication (like Predator Free goals) rather than large lock-ups of land.
    • Have faced criticism from environmental groups (such as Greenpeace and Forest & Bird) for advancing legislative measures—such as fast-track consenting legislation and amendments affecting conservation land—that critics argue weaken nature protections in favor of development.

3. Resource Management and Consenting

  • Resource Management Act (RMA) Replacement & Fast-Tracking:
    • The Governing Parties (National, ACT, NZ First): Strongly support streamlining resource management laws to cut red tape, speed up infrastructure development, housing, mining, and energy projects. Their approach centers on economic productivity, energy security, and reducing administrative hurdles for developers.
    • The Opposition Parties (Green Party, Labour, Te Pāti Māori, TOP): Strongly oppose fast-track processes that bypass environmental checks, arguing that current legislative changes compromise environmental safeguards, dilute public notification rights, and undermine long-term sustainability goals.

Summary of Environmental Standpoints

Environmental watchdogs and scorecard assessments (such as those by Greenpeace and LegaSea) highlight a stark division in the 2026 landscape:

  • Green Party & Te Pāti Māori receive top marks from conservationists for comprehensive "nature-first" policy packages.
  • The Opportunity Party (TOP) and Labour occupy the middle ground, supporting moderate environmental regulations and targeted sustainability transitions.
  • National, ACT, and NZ First prioritize deregulation, infrastructure delivery, primary industry output, and economic growth, drawing heavy criticism from environmental NGOs.

Would you like to explore a specific party's detailed manifesto commitments or compare policies on a particular sub-issue like climate change or marine protection?

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For the 2026 New Zealand general election: What do parties propose about freshwater, pollution, biodiversity and resource management?

Ahead of the 2026 New Zealand general election, political parties have outlined distinct approaches to managing freshwater, pollution, biodiversity, and resource management laws. Based on recent policy consultations, party manifestos, and submissions (such as responses gathered by Fish & Game New Zealand), the core positions and proposals from major parties are structured below:

  • National Party

  • Resource Management & Freshwater: Focuses on streamlining resource management laws and balancing economic development with environmental limits. On statutory bodies like Fish & Game, National supports maintaining advocacy roles within "sensible boundaries" aligned with government policy, while encouraging a focus on habitat work over litigation.

  • Public Access & Conservation: Supports upholding established legal public access to lakes, rivers, and recreational hunting and fishing opportunities on public conservation lands.

  • Labour Party

  • Freshwater & Wetlands: Proposes balancing compliance rules to protect wetlands while reducing on-farm compliance costs to enable landowners to undertake voluntary restoration and creation work.

  • Statutory Recognition: Acknowledges the value of statutory sports fish and game management plans and supports exploring how these frameworks can be formally recognised within ongoing resource management planning systems.

  • Advocacy: Expresses support for the ongoing statutory and scientific contributions made by groups like Fish & Game toward freshwater monitoring and advocacy.

  • Green Party

  • Biodiversity & Ecosystems: Strongly supports increasing conservation funding, protecting indigenous biodiversity through collaborative landowner frameworks in sensitive ecosystems, and creating targeted job programs focused on ecosystem regeneration.

  • Resource Management & Wetlands: Favours removing regulatory barriers and establishing permitted activity statuses for wetland maintenance. The Greens explicitly support mandatory requirements for planning authorities to have regard to Sports Fish and Game Management Plans during resource consenting and plan-making.

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AI Overviews · No location

For the 2026 New Zealand general election: What do parties propose about freshwater, pollution, biodiversity and resource management?

AI Overview

For the 2026 New Zealand general election , environmental policy is highly polarized. The center-right governing coalition (National, ACT, and NZ First) is focused on cutting regulatory red tape, fast-tracking infrastructure, and easing operational rules for agriculture. Conversely, the opposition parties (the Greens, Te Pāti Māori, and Labour) are advocating for stricter environmental limits, stronger climate adaptation, and increased native protection.

The primary policy proposals from the main political parties regarding freshwater, pollution, biodiversity, and resource management include:

🗺️ Resource Management & Consenting

The overhaul of the Resource Management Act (RMA) is a central debate, with the current coalition moving to pass its replacement framework.

  • National Party: Completed the primary legislative steps to pass the new Natural Environment and Planning Bills to officially replace the RMA, aiming for a system focused on clear environmental boundaries while significantly reducing bureaucratic delay. National is promising 19 new national standards to slash red tape for the primary sector, allowing activities like gravel extraction and on-farm quarrying without expensive consenting processes.
  • ACT Party: Champions heavy deregulation and smaller government. ACT supports the new Natural Environment and Planning regime, emphasizing lower compliance costs for businesses and infrastructure. They also seek to remove councils' ability to mandate separate cultural impact assessments.
  • New Zealand First: Supports the broader push for regulatory relief and streamlining resource consents but explicitly opposes giving corporate entities "regulatory relief" that would bypass necessary domestic oversight.
  • Green Party & Te Pāti Māori: Strongly oppose the coalition's resource management changes and fast-track consenting processes, which they argue prioritize corporate interests over ecological health. They advocate for a system anchored in Te Tiriti o Waitangi that strictly enforces environmental baselines.
  • Labour Party: Opposes the removal of Te Tiriti clauses from environmental laws. Labour seeks to restore a balanced regulatory system that allows housing development while maintaining rigorous national environmental oversight.

💧 Freshwater

Water quality standards, particularly nitrate pollution and agricultural run-off, remain contentious.

  • National & ACT: Focused on easing restrictions for primary producers. They are advancing new freshwater national directions to "restore balance" for farmers and growers. National proposes national standards that permit on-farm water storage and drainage maintenance with fewer restrictions. Both parties rule out any form of resource-use tax on water.
  • New Zealand First: Aligns with the coalition on increasing regional water infrastructure and water storage projects to boost agricultural resilience.
  • Green Party: Proposes strict limits on nitrate and synthetic fertilizer pollution to protect rivers and aquifers. They heavily criticize any rollback of freshwater protections and emphasize treating water as a public taonga (treasure).
  • Te Pāti Māori: Demands explicit recognition of Māori proprietary rights and water ownership, advocating for water management frameworks led by iwi and hapū.

🌿 Biodiversity & Conservation

  • National Party: Proposes utilizing 100% of the International Visitor Levy exclusively for conservation and tourism infrastructure. They also plan to permanently double the baseline funding for the QEII National Trust (from $4.3 million to $8.6 million) to protect private land conservation, while proposing to return 500,000 hectares of Department of Conservation (DOC) stewardship land to grazing leases.
  • Green Party: Pushes for comprehensive biodiversity protection, including a ban on bottom trawling and commercial fishing carve-outs. They advocate for a dedicated climate and nature adaptation fund that utilizes nature-based buffers (like wetlands) to combat environmental degradation.
  • Te Pāti Māori: Proposes a unique job guarantee program explicitly focused on native ecosystem regeneration and pest eradication.
  • Labour Party: Supports boosting funding for public conservation land and working closely with local government to restore indigenous biodiversity habitats.

🛑 Pollution & Waste

  • Green Party & Te Pāti Māori: Champion stricter plastic bans, a circular economy roadmap, and heavy penalties for industrial and agricultural polluters.
  • National, ACT, & NZ First: Emphasize practical local infrastructure solutions, such as standardized waste management, while eliminating targeted industrial pollution taxes that they argue hurt New Zealand’s economic competitiveness.
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