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Evidence · NZ Election 2026 · Edition 2

Every question, every answer, every source

All 174 questions and the 793 answers produced on 12 October 2026. The 27 remaining cells produced no AI Overview.

questions
174
answers saved
793
collected
12 Oct 2026

01

Every question, with its answers

Each question was written as a voter would ask it and went to all four assistants. Some were also asked from a town. Open a question to read every answer to it in full.

Showing 20 of 174 questions

Show all 174

02

The tables behind the study

Every figure on the study page comes from these tables. They are CSV files, which open in any spreadsheet.

  • Questions

    nz-election-2026-questions.csv

    One row per unchanged question.

    id, draft, text, voterCode, issue, towns

    174rows

    Download questions (CSV)

  • Answers

    nz-election-2026-answers.csv

    One row per produced answer, with its complete original text.

    result id, prompt id, draft id, scenario id, platform, region, words, parties, literal url answer, associated source answer, temporal pair, common four platforms, response text

    793rows

    Download answers (CSV)

  • Sources by answer

    nz-election-2026-sources.csv

    One row per website associated with an answer; repeated citations count once.

    answer id, question id, assistant, region, domain, publisher

    4,137rows

    Download sources by answer (CSV)

  • Checks against official sources

    nz-election-2026-checks.csv

    One row per reviewed proposition, retaining both answers, extracts and the reviewed change.

    check, draft id, platform, claim, verdict, assessment, source url, source label, source date, checked date, old result id, new result id, old excerpt, new excerpt

    15rows

    Download checks against official sources (CSV)

  • Who to vote for: coding

    nz-election-2026-guidance.csv

    One row per manually reviewed guidance answer. Codes overlap; original answers supply the evidence.

    draft, assistant, q, voter, a, declined, matched, shortlist, asked, chose, extract

    31rows

    Download who to vote for: coding (CSV)

  • Location and national answers

    nz-election-2026-towns.csv

    One row per matched national/location pair, with both editions.

    prompt id, draft id, scenario id, issue, platform, city, edition 1 same party set, edition 1 national result, edition 1 city result, edition 2 same party set, edition 2 national result, edition 2 city result

    124rows

    Download location and national answers (CSV)

  • Changes between editions

    nz-election-2026-comparisons.csv

    One row per identical question, assistant and location across the two collections.

    prompt id, draft id, scenario id, scenario, issue, platform, region, old result id, new result id, old words, new words, same party set, old parties, new parties, added parties, removed parties, literal same domains, literal old domains, literal new domains, literal added domains, literal removed domains, associated same domains, associated old domains, associated new domains, associated added domains, associated removed domains

    793rows

    Download changes between editions (CSV)

  • No AI Overview produced

    nz-election-2026-coverage.csv

    One row per planned cell where no AI Overview was produced.

    prompt id, platform, region, draft id, block, scenario id, scenario, issue, priority, question, cause, availability

    27rows

    Download no ai overview produced (CSV)

Use these tables to trace findings back to the original questions and answers. The full text of each answer is also on this page, under its question.

03

Read in full and checked

Some answers were read in detail or checked against official sources. Those appear on the study page, beside the findings they support.

ChatGPT · No location

For the 2026 New Zealand general election: What do parties propose about freshwater, pollution, biodiversity and resource management?

New Zealand 2026 election: freshwater, pollution, biodiversity and resource management

The key differences between parties are likely to concern how strictly environmental rules should be enforced, how much regulation farmers and other businesses should face, how nature should be protected, and how decisions about land, water and development should be made.

For the 2026 New Zealand general election, it is useful to compare parties across four areas:

  • Freshwater: river and lake health, drinking water, nutrient runoff, water allocation and wetlands.
  • Pollution: agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial discharges, waste and greenhouse-gas emissions.
  • Biodiversity: native species, habitats, pest control, conservation land and marine ecosystems.
  • Resource management: the rules governing land use, farming, housing, infrastructure, mining and environmental consents.

An important distinction is whether a party is proposing a new policy for 2026, continuing a policy it already supports, or describing a change it has made while in government. Those are not necessarily the same thing.

1. Freshwater and pollution

The main question: how should New Zealand improve water quality while managing the costs and rules faced by farmers, councils and industry?

Green Party

The Greens' 2026 manifesto puts the health of rivers, lakes and communities first. Its stated priorities include safe drinking water, waterways that are safe for swimming and gathering food, and more sustainable farming and forestry. Its broader environmental platform emphasises restoring nature and holding polluters accountable. Manifesto 2026Manifesto 2026Manifesto 2026

Policy emphasis: stronger environmental protection and restoration.

National

The current National-led Government has announced changes to freshwater farm plans intended to make them simpler and cheaper, with certification and auditing focused on higher-risk activities. National's stated rationale is to reduce compliance costs while retaining a risk-based approach. Decisions on Freshwater Farm Plans released2026 Election Policy

Policy emphasis: targeted regulation and reducing compliance costs.

ACT

ACT's environmental policy is relevant to the coalition's approach to regulation and property rights. Its current policy material includes environmental and rural issues; the precise freshwater commitments should be checked in its published policy rather than inferred from coalition decisions alone. ACT New ZealandACT New Zealand

Policy emphasis: regulatory reform; check specific water-quality proposals.

Labour

Labour has published a 2026 election policy programme, but the material reviewed here does not establish its complete current freshwater and pollution commitments. Its earlier environmental positions should not automatically be treated as its final 2026 platform. Labour's 2026 Election PoliciesLabour's 2026 Election Policies

What about Te Mana o te Wai?

This is a central point of difference in freshwater management. Te Mana o te Wai is a framework recognising the importance of water's health and the relationship between water, the environment and communities. National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management 2020

New Zealand First's published 2023 policy proposed replacing Te Mana o te Wai in Resource Management Act planning with the former “Four Wellbeings” approach, supporting catchment-level farm environment plans and reducing regulatory barriers to irrigation, water storage and flood protection. These are 2023 policy commitments, not confirmation of a new 2026 manifesto. 2023 Election Policies

2. Biodiversity and conservation

Green Party

Its 2026 manifesto explicitly includes conservation and biodiversity as a priority: protecting and restoring native plants, animals and ecosystems, and protecting whenua, moana and native species from damaging exploitation. It also advocates sustainable food production and forestry. Manifesto 2026Complete Party Policy

National

National has highlighted support for Predator Free initiatives, native-species protection and community conservation groups. Its 2026 policy listings also include hunting and fishing, with an emphasis on access to the outdoors and hunter-led conservation. Election 20232026 Election Policy

ACT and New Zealand First

Their published policy directions have placed emphasis on property rights, the treatment of landowners under environmental rules, and the practical impacts of conservation restrictions. New Zealand First's 2023 policy specifically proposed stronger property-rights protection and commercial compensation where rights are affected. Check their 2026 policy releases for any updated commitments. 2023 Election PoliciesACT New Zealand

The practical distinction to examine is whether parties would expand protected habitats and restoration, retain or strengthen restrictions on land use, or give landowners more flexibility and compensation when conservation rules affect their property.

3. Resource management: land use, farming, development and mining

This is one of the clearest structural differences between the parties: how much weight should environmental limits carry when they conflict with economic development?

Party Direction of policy
National Completing the replacement of the Resource Management Act (RMA), with more enabling rules for development and infrastructure. Its 2026 policies include support for renewable electricity development and hunting and fishing access. 2026 Election PolicyConsultation launched on illustrative National Policy Direction
ACT Emphasises regulatory reform and reducing unnecessary restrictions. Its specific current environmental proposals should be checked individually; the available environmental-policy page does not provide enough detail to summarise every commitment. ACT New ZealandACT New Zealand
Green Party Emphasises protection and restoration of nature, environmental accountability, sustainable farming and forestry, and community-centred decision-making. Manifesto 2026Manifesto 2026
Labour Has a published 2026 election programme, but its current policy page reviewed here does not set out a comprehensive RMA, freshwater and biodiversity package. It would be misleading to present its older policies as a confirmed 2026 platform. Labour's 2026 Election Policies
New Zealand First Its 2023 policies favoured reducing regulatory barriers to irrigation, water storage and flood protection, and protecting property rights. These positions need to be checked against its 2026 commitments. 2023 Election Policies

For the current government's planning reforms, the important question is how the new system will balance housing, infrastructure, primary production and resource extraction against environmental and public-health protections. The Government published draft national policy direction for consultation in August 2026. Consultation launched on illustrative National Policy Direction

4. Where the parties differ most

Environmental protection versus regulatory flexibility

The Greens explicitly prioritise restoring ecosystems and putting freshwater health first. National's current approach includes simplifying farm-plan requirements and enabling development. ACT's broader regulatory-reform agenda is relevant to how environmental restrictions are designed.

Who pays for pollution and restoration?

Look for proposals on farm compliance costs, polluter-pays rules, wastewater upgrades, incentives for restoring wetlands and waterways, and public funding for conservation.

Who makes decisions about water and land?

Compare the roles of central government, regional councils, local communities, iwi and hapū, and private landowners. Te Mana o te Wai and Māori authority over freshwater are relevant to this debate.

How much development should be permitted?

Compare each party's approach to fast-track approvals, mining and quarrying, forestry, wetland protection, native habitat rules and the environmental conditions attached to resource consents.

Where to check the full 2026 policies

The following sources are useful for verifying the latest proposals, particularly where a party's complete platform has not yet been established from the material reviewed.

A note on completeness: This is a comparison of documented policy directions, not a claim that every party's final environmental manifesto has been fully covered. In particular, Labour's and several smaller parties' detailed 2026 commitments need further verification before their positions can be compared on equal terms.

For a more detailed comparison, the most useful next step is to examine the parties' specific proposals for river and lake pollution, farm nitrogen limits, wastewater discharges, native habitat protection and the replacement of the RMA side by side. Those concrete commitments are more informative than broad claims about being either pro-environment or pro-growth.

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For the 2026 New Zealand general election: What do parties propose about freshwater, pollution, biodiversity and resource management?

For the 2026 New Zealand General Election, environmental policy—specifically covering freshwater management, pollution, biodiversity, and the replacement of the Resource Management Act (RMA)—highlights a sharp philosophical divide between the political blocs.

Following the passing of the replacement legislation for the RMA (including the Planning Act 2026 and the Natural Environment Act 2026), resource management and environmental safeguards are central debating points.

1. Freshwater and Pollution

  • National & ACT (Centre-Right / Right): Focus primarily on reducing regulatory bottlenecks for primary industries, infrastructure, and horticulture. Their emphasis is on practical risk-management and providing farmers and growers with certainty and access to water, while avoiding new taxes or heavy regulatory burdens that could impact economic productivity.
  • Labour & The Green Party (Centre-Left / Left): Emphasize strict environmental bottom lines that cannot be overridden by development. Labour supports maintaining robust clean freshwater standards and addressing agricultural chemical backlogs alongside protecting ecosystems. The Greens push for polluter-pays mechanisms, financial support for farmers transitioning to regenerative practices, and strict rules to safeguard water quality.
  • New Zealand First & The Opportunity Party (TOP): Generally support balancing pragmatic resource use and secure water infrastructure for primary sectors while acknowledging localized environmental restoration needs.

2. Biodiversity and Marine Protection

  • The Green Party & Te Pāti Māori: Advocate for aggressive protection of native flora, fauna, and marine ecosystems. The Greens, for instance, champion targets like restoring fish stocks to 50 percent of unfished biomass ($B_{50}$), removing destructive bottom-trawling, seining, and dredging from inshore zones, and heavily funding conservation efforts.
  • Labour: Supports science-based fisheries and ecosystem management, showing openness to targeted restrictions on destructive fishing methods where habitats are threatened, alongside honoring Treaty obligations.
  • National & ACT: Tend to favor targeted interventions that avoid undue economic harm to commercial sectors. ACT emphasizes focusing on actual environmental risks rather than blanket process rules, while supporting specific measures like addressing targeted fishery impacts rather than sweeping bans. Conservation groups (such as Forest & Bird) have heavily criticized the current legislative changes as a rollback on comprehensive biodiversity protections, fueling debate across the political spectrum.

3. Resource Management Act (RMA) Reform

The recent legislative overhaul—replacing the RMA with the new Planning Act and Natural Environment Act—is a major dividing line:

  • National, ACT, and NZ First support streamlining resource consent processes to speed up housing construction and critical infrastructure development, arguing that excessive red tape has choked economic growth.
  • Labour, the Green Parties, and Te Pāti Māori heavily critique the new framework, arguing it compromises environmental safeguards, diminishes public participation, and weakens protections for freshwater and indigenous biodiversity.

Are you interested in a specific party's detailed manifesto commitments on one of these environmental areas?

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Google AI Mode · No location

For the 2026 New Zealand general election: What do parties propose about freshwater, pollution, biodiversity and resource management?

For the 2026 New Zealand general election , political parties present sharply contrasting positions on freshwater, pollution, biodiversity, and resource management, reflecting a broader debate over economic growth versus environmental restoration.

As tracked by platforms like The Conversation's Election Policy Tracker and environmental groups such as Greenpeace Aotearoa, the core approaches of the major parliamentary parties divide along traditional environmental and economic lines:

The Green Party

  • Biodiversity & Ecosystems: Proposes establishing a sovereign biodiversity fund to resource regenerative efforts and a job guarantee programme focused on ecosystem regeneration. They also pledge to legally protect all remaining natural wetlands, estuaries, and coastal wetlands.

  • Freshwater & Pollution: Advocates for lowering nitrate limits in drinking water and setting strict sustainability standards across all food and fibre sectors via an agricultural standards framework. [The Conversation]

  • Marine & Oceans: Seeks to establish an independent Ocean Commission, create a national network of no-take marine protected areas, and end bottom trawling. [The Conversation]

Labour Party

  • Resource Management & Conservation: Focuses on restoring environmental protections, tightening regulations on heavy industries linked to high carbon and water pollution, and maintaining baseline conservation funding.

  • Freshwater: Supports retaining robust national bottom lines for freshwater quality and opposing the weakening of standards governing agricultural runoff.

National Party, ACT, and New Zealand First (Coalition/Centre-Right perspective)

  • Resource Management: Focuses on streamlining resource consent processes to fast-track infrastructure, mining, and economic development projects, arguing that overly complex rules hinder growth.

  • Freshwater & Agriculture: Generally favors flexible, regionally led freshwater management frameworks rather than rigid national top-down restrictions on agricultural land use and irrigation.

  • Industry & Pollution Management: Tends to balance environmental management against economic productivity in the primary sector, preferring incentives and self-regulation or less stringent compliance metrics for farming and resource extraction.

Te Pāti Māori

  • Environmental & Resource Governance: Advocates for Te Tiriti-centric resource management where indigenous authority (rangatiratanga) governs freshwater, coastlines, and land use.

  • Pollution & Conservation: Promotes strict cleanup mandates for degraded waterways and strict opposition to commercial or industrial exploitation of sensitive ecological habitats.

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AI Overviews · No location

For the 2026 New Zealand general election: What do parties propose about freshwater, pollution, biodiversity and resource management?

AI Overview

For the 2026 New Zealand general election , environmental policy is a major ideological battleground. The current National-led coalition government has just replaced the Resource Management Act (RMA) with two new pieces of legislation, creating distinct approaches between the right- and left-leaning parties.

🏛️ Resource Management Reform

  • National / ACT / NZ First (The Coalition): The governing parties are running on their freshly enacted structural reforms. In September 2026, they officially passed the Planning Act 2026 and the Natural Environment Act 2026 to replace the old RMA. Their policies prioritize economic growth, private property rights, and regulatory relief. A core pillar of their platform includes a controversial "regulatory relief framework" that requires local councils to financially compensate developers or landowners if local environmental rules restrict land use.

  • Labour: Labour opposes the current framework and proposes revising the regulatory relief aspect of the new acts. They argue the current layout shifts an unfair financial burden onto local ratepayers and reduces crucial local consultation.

  • Green Party: The Greens vow to repeal the coalition's new acts , arguing the legislation removes environmental limits to favor big agriculture and corporate interests. They propose reinstating strict, legally enforceable national and regional environmental limits.

💧 Freshwater & Pollution

  • Green Party: Standing on their comprehensive "Drink, Swim, Fish" policy , the Greens propose aggressive restrictions to clean up waterways. This includes phasing out synthetic nitrogen fertilisers , lowering the legal nitrate limit for drinking water, and cutting livestock stocking rates. They also want to tighten wastewater discharge rules for local councils.

  • Te Pāti Māori: The party's core proposal is to assert tino rangatiratanga (absolute sovereignty) over freshwater, transitioning water management rights directly to iwi and hapū.

  • The Opportunity Party (TOP): TOP proposes a national water strategy that reinstates the ecological health framework (Te Mana o te Wai) while allowing streamlined consents for on-farm water storage, provided it supports biodiversity.

  • National / ACT / NZ First: The coalition supports streamlining freshwater farm plans and lowering regulatory hurdles for the primary sector. They favor allowing councils more flexibility with water pollution discharges if the targeted economic activity provides significant regional benefits.

🌿 Biodiversity & Land Protection

  • Green Party: The Greens propose establishing a sovereign biodiversity fund to bankroll ecosystem regeneration. They also want a "job guarantee programme" focused on ecological restoration, full legal protection for all remaining natural wetlands, and increased funding to eradicate invasive weeds and pests.

  • National Party: For targeted restoration, National has pledged $30 million to clean up contaminated land. However, their broader policy emphasizes managing conservation land for multiple uses, including increasing access for hunting and recognizing introduced game species in legislation.

  • ACT: Opposes locking up land under strict conservation mandates. ACT proposes localized rules for farming and fishing that allow private landowners more freedom to manage biodiversity on their own terms.

🌊 Oceans & Fisheries (Related Marine Pollution)

  • National: National surprised opponents by announcing a targeted oceans policy, promising to ban ring-net fishing in the Hauraki Gulf , establish a new marine reserve off Waiheke Island, expand the Goat Island reserve, and phase down bottom trawling on sea mounts over time.

  • Green Party & Te Pāti Māori: Both parties push for much broader mandates, proposing to phase out all inshore bottom trawling by 2030 and legally lock down 30% of New Zealand's ocean territory as no-take marine protected areas. The Greens also propose creating an independent Ocean Commission.

  • ACT: Proposes managing fish stocks to a minimum biomass target of 50% (higher than current maximum-sustainable-yield approaches) to give recreational fishers greater abundance and build ecosystem resilience.

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